Chakumapeto kwa kasupe, pa conifers, nthawi zambiri pa spruces ndi maini, mutha kuwona zopatuka kuchokera ku kukula kwawoko ndi chitukuko: chikasu ndikupotoza masingano, chophimba choyera cha masamba ndi mphukira panthambi. Izi zikusonyeza kuti tizirombo, hermes, tawoneka pazomera zachilengedwe, ndipo mbewu zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Kodi hermes ndi chiyani
Ma Hermes ndi ochepa kwambiri, osapitilira 2 mm tizilombo, omwe amatchedwanso ma aphid a coniferous. Kunja, zimawoneka ngati nsikidzi. Amakhala ndi buluzi wokulirapo, wobiriwira kapena wakuda, ndipo pamitu yawo amakhala ndi tinyanga tating'onoting'ono. Tizilombo timene timadya timadziti totsekemera kuchokera ku singano ndi tinsalu tating'ono, ndipo timadzi tating'onoting'ono tofiyira tthambi timakhala pabwino poti timathandizanso kupanga mphutsi.
M'nyengo yotentha, mitengo ya coniferous yomwe ili ndi matenda a hermes imakutidwa ndi ma galls - zophuka zopanda thanzi zomwe zimafanana ndi cheni ya spruce, yomwe imateteza, kukulitsa ndi kubereka mphutsi mwa iwo.
Zizindikiro za zotupa ndi mitundu yayikulu ya tizilombo
Hermes si mtundu umodzi wa tizilombo tomwe timayamwa koyamwa, koma gulu lonse. Chokhacho chomwe chimawagwirizanitsa ndikuti ali m'gulu la isoptera ndikudya pamiyambo ya conifers.
Tizilombo timasunthika, ndiye kuti, timamera pa mbewu ziwiri zamtundu wina, ndipo sizikuyenda, zimasankha mtundu umodzi ndikukhalamo.
Chizindikiro chinanso chomwe tizirombo titha kugawidwa ndi kukula. Mitundu ina imakula chaka chimodzi, ndipo pali zina zomwe zimafunikira zaka 2.
Mwachitsanzo:
- Hemes wachikasu. Zimakula mu nyengo imodzi. Akazi amadya ku msuzi wa singano ndipo, akamaikira mazira, amapanga ndulu yayikulu, nthawi zina imafika 20 cm.
- Spruce larch hermes ofiira. Munthu payekha ndi wodera kapena wakuda. Ndi mtundu wosunthira wa majeremusi okhala ndi zotupa omwe amakhala pamtunda wapa spruce ndi paini. Kutalika - 2 zaka.
- Spruce larch wobiriwira hermes. Anthu pawokha nthawi zambiri amakhala owala obiriwira. Kukhazikika mu nyengo imodzi. Akazi obiriwira a hermes amapanga makina, omwe mphutsi zimayamba. M'chilimwe amasintha kukhala anthu okhala ndi mapiko ndipo amawuluka kupita kukakhala ndi kubereketsa larch. Chifukwa chake, mitunduyi imakhalanso yosamukira.
- Hermes weymouth pine. Mtundu wosasuntha womwe umakhala pachaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.
- Subcortical spruce hermes. Tizilomboti timangokhala pa spruce basi ndipo sasamuka. Zilibe mapiko, zimangokhala makungwa a nthambi ndi mtengo wokulirapo ndipo sizimapanga timitseko
Akazi osabereka pachilichonse ali ndi fluff yoyera yemwe amafanana ndi mpira wa thonje, koma omwe amabala zipatso alibe. Achibale a hermes ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, maula, mbewa, mphutsi ndi tizilombo tambiri.
Ngakhale tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tambiri, Zizindikiro za matenda amitengo yochokera m'moyo wawo zimawonekera ndi diso lamaliseche.
Pambuyo pamatenda, mitengo ya spruce imasanduka chikaso ndikupota, ndipo pakakhala mphutsi zochulukirapo ndi akuluakulu, singano zimayamba kubomoka ndi mawonekedwe a ma golo. Mu pine, korona amachepera tizirombo, nthawi zina kutuluka kwa resin kumayamba ndipo mtengowo umatha kufa.
Hermes paini, mkungudza
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda amkungudza wa mkungudza ndi hermes ndi kukhalapo kwa oyera fluff pachomera. Mphukira, nthambi zam'munsi mwa singano zimakutidwa ndi mapumphu oyera, ndipo ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kwa tizilombo, ngakhale mtengo. Kuchokera pamitundu iyi mutha kumvetsetsa mosavuta ngati mtengo watenga kachilombo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Thonje lakale limakungika mwamtengo ku mtengo, nkovuta kuuchotsa, ndipo zotupa zoyera zatsopano zimachotsedwa mosavuta. Mukazipukusa m'manja, mutha kupeza mawanga a bulauni pakhungu - awa ndi mphutsi zophwanyika zomwe zimabisala ndikuziteteza pogwiritsa ntchito chipolopolo chofewa choyera.
Kuwonongeka kwa mkungudza pambuyo pakuwonongeka kwa hermes kungayambitse kuyanika ndi kufa. Masingano amapita pang'onopang'ono chikasu, kupindika ndi kutha. Mphukira zimakhala zochepa komanso zowala chaka chilichonse. Mwa mawonekedwe a mtengowo, mutha kudziwa ngati udzafa.
Mitengo ya mkungudza, yomwe imamera m'nthaka yabwino, imatha kuthana ndi matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu zaka zochepa, pomwe mitengo yomwe imamera m'madambo, nthaka yonyowa komanso malo osavomerezeka nthawi zambiri imafa chifukwa ilibe mphamvu zokwanira kuthana ndi tizilombo.
Hermes pa fir ndi larch
Zizindikiro zoyambira kuwonongeka kwa ma firisi ndi larching ndizowuma ndikukokomeza kwa maonekedwe okongola. Choyambirira, korona amawonda pa fir, singano amakhala ofiira, ochepa, owuma komanso owoneka bwino. Mitengo imayamba kupweteka kuyambira kumunsi.
Komanso, mukapenda mosamala, mutha kuwona kuvala kwamtundu wamavalidwe osokoneza bongo pamafiyuni amiyala ndi mphukira zachikale, ndipamene tiziromboti timakhala.
Mosiyana ndi mkungudza, pa fir, ndizovuta kwambiri kuzindikira zizindikiro za matendawa, chifukwa sichimakutidwa ndi fluff, ndipo chikasu cha nthambi chimatha chifukwa cha matenda ena. Potere, muyenera kusankha mankhwalawo mosamala, popeza kulakwitsa kungangokulitsa vutolo.
Ponena za larch, titha kunena kuti zimadwala pafupipafupi. Singano pa mtundu uwu zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, choncho tizirombo timangokhala nthawi zambiri. Koma ndizovuta kwambiri kuzizindikira, chifukwa khungu ladzuwa silikhala chikasu, koma limakhala lobiriwira nthawi yonse yotentha. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati ikukula pafupi ndi ma conifers ena, iyeneranso kuyesedwa ngati tizilombo, komanso matenda, atathandizidwa pamodzi ndi zikhalidwe zina.
Hermes ku Spruce
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a spruce ndi kupangidwa pa mphukira za zophukira zamkati zomwe zimatchedwa ma galls. Amawoneka ngati firi ndipo amakhala pothawirapo kuti pakhale mphutsi. Mkazi wamkulu akaikira mazira, amamasulidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti minofu iwonjezeke - ndi momwe ndulu zimatulukira.
Mphutsi zikachoka m'misewu, izi zimasiyidwa zopanda mtengo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikumakauma.
Njira zothandizira kupewa ndi kuwongolera ma hermes
Popewa kupezeka kwa tizilombo pa mbande zazing'ono m'nthawi yoyamba kapena mutabzala, malamulo oteteza kupewa akuyenera kuonedwa:
- Pogula mmera, ndikofunikira kuti muzipenda mozama ngati tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndikofunika kupewa kupewa mitengo yomwe muli ndi kachilombo. Ngati mukupeza mbewu za hermes mutagula, muyenera kuzichotsa musanabzale m'nthaka, ziyeretseni kuchokera kuzilombo ndikuchotsa ma galls.
- Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mmera m'nthaka yonyowa kwambiri, pamalo amphepo komanso lopepuka, komanso kufupi ndi njira pomwe dothi limapangidwa bwino
- Ndikofunika kubzala mbewu mu dothi lotayirira ndikuphatikiza ndi singano zakugwa kapena peat (zimagwira feteleza wabwino kwambiri)
- Mutabzala, muyenera kudyetsa mtengowo ndi kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumalimbitsa mizu (Radifarm, Kornevin)
- Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kukhala osatetezeka katatu mutabzala mmera (nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa pakati pa mankhwala ndi milungu iwiri)
- Ndikofunika kwambiri kuphimba dothi mozungulira thunthu ndi makungwa a pine. Makulidwe a mulching wosanjikiza - ndibwino
- Ndikofunika kuchitira thunthu ndi korona wa mtengo wachinyamata ndikukonzekera mwapadera - mavitamini a conifers. Itha kukhala singano Reak kapena Joofert
Kuti muteteze akuluakulu, mitengo yobzala, palinso njira zina zoyendetsera tizilombo ndipo imayenera kupangidwa mchaka (koma osati mochedwa June), mpaka mphutsi zitakula ndikuchoka m'misasa:
- Ngati mipata ikapezeka pamitengo ya spruce, ndikofunikira kudula ndikuwotcha pamodzi ndi mphukira zowonongeka
- Muzimutsuka thunthu ndi singano ndi kuthina kwamadzi kuti muchotse tizilombo. Ndondomeko iyenera kuchitidwa mobwerezabwereza.
- Kusanja mtengo wamkutu ndi yankho ndi mafuta amchere (kugawa molingana ndi 200 300 ml pa 10 l yamadzi, ndi kupopera mtengo).
Pali nthawi zina pomwe njira zonsezi sizibweretsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Kenako muyenera kutembenukira ku mankhwala amphamvu, omwe amathandizadi kuchotsa tizilombo toyipitsa. Uyu akhoza kukhala Commander, Mospilan, Prestige, Kaisara, etc. Ndikofunikira kubereka ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala molingana ndi malangizo a wopanga. Pafupipafupi chithandizo chimatengera kuwonongeka kwa mbewu.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti muchite bwino.
Izi sizingavulaze mtengowo, ndipo ma hermus mwina angasiye kusokoneza mtengowo kwakanthawi.
Kukula kwa conifere m'maderawa kumadzetsa kukongola komanso kusangalatsa kwa chaka chatsopano, ngati mungasamalire mitengo ndikuchita zodzitetezera munthawi yake.
