Imodzi mwamasamba odziwika kwambiri a cacti ndi echinocactus kapena cactus echinopsis. Chomera chokhala ndi tsinde lamphamvu lopezeka ku chipululu chotentha ku Mexico, chitha kupezekanso kumadera akumwera chakumadzulo kwa United States.
Kutanthauzira kolondola kwa dzinali kukuwonetsa zakunja. "Hedgehog cactus" imakhala ndi pulasitala wokulirapo, wotalika mpaka mamita 3. Imakutidwa ndi singano zazikulu, ndikupereka kufanana kwa hedgehog.
Cactus wamtunduwu umayikidwa mu chipinda. Ngati apatsidwa chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, amatulutsa maluwa okongola kwambiri, osati otsika maluwa. M'malo otentha, echinocactus amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga minda yamaluwa.
Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa echinocactus
Cactus echinocactus ndi amodzi mwa otsekemera ozungulira (banja la a Cactus). Mu chilengedwe chimakhala chachikulu. Choyamba, zimayambira za mbewuzo zimakhala ndizolunjika koyenera, kenako ndikweze.
Zotsatira zake, amafanana ndi mtengo wamitengo itatu wokhala ndi thunthu kutalika kwa 1.5 1.5 Anthu ambiri omwe adawaona m'chipululu cha Mojave kapena chithunzi chochitika mwachilengedwe sofanizira kuti tikulankhula za mmera womwewo womwe ambiri ali nawo kunyumba.
Achiculents amamva bwino popanda kuthirira. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, amapeza ma radiation a electromagnetic kuchokera kumagetsi zamagetsi, kuteteza wogwiritsa ntchito ku zowonongeka.
Zofunikira:
- Maonekedwe otumphukira mumera ana okhala ndi nthiti zambiri (pafupifupi zidutswa 50 zamtundu uliwonse) zokhala ndi ma spines. Ndi zaka, tukulani.
- Atsikana ndi akulu.
- Maluwa ofiira, ofiira ndi achikaso okhala ndi pubescence. Kuwonekera pamwamba (nthawi zina mozungulira mozungulira mabwalo angapo), okhala ndi ma petals ochepa, otsika.
- Zaka za mbewu za munthu aliyense zimafika zaka 500.
- Kulemera kwakukulu - 1 t.
Mitundu ya Echinocactus
| Mutu | Magawo athupi | Maluwa ndi Mikhalidwe Yapansi |
| Echinocactus gruzoni (Echinocactus grusonii) | M'lifupi mpaka 40 cm, pamakhala mipiringidzo yakuthwa yakuda kwambiri mpaka 30 mm, pakati - mpaka 50 mm. Pamwamba ndi mabulosi oyera. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nthiti 35-45. Imakhala yokwera, ndikusunga m'lifupi mwake zaka pafupifupi 13. | Ndi chisamaliro choyenera kunyumba, chimatha kutulutsa, koma zimachitika kawirikawiri. |
| Echinocactus squamulus (Echinocactus platyacanthus) | Kutalika kwachilengedwe kumakhala mpaka 2m mamita pang'ono mulifupi. Mphete zowoneka bwino za imvi zofika mpaka 45 mm kukula kwake. 3-4 pakati - mpaka 45 mm. Ali ndi maluwa achikasu ooneka ngati chikasu mpaka 40 mm kutalika kwa korona. | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana malo omwe ali ndi zigawo kum'mwera, malo osungirako zinthu. Limamasula nthawi zambiri m'nyumba. |
| Echinocactus flat spherical, yopingasa (Echinocactus holonthalonius) | Danga mpaka 23 cm, nthiti zopindika kuzungulira. Chomera chaching'ono chimakhala ndi timiyala tating'ono tokwana 6 pa nthiti. Ma spines ali aang'ono ndi ofiira, kenako amapeza mtundu wa lalanje. Maluwa a Lilac okhala ndi tint yofiirira mpaka 40 mm kukula amawonekera pa korona wa fluffy. | Chipinda cham'makomo chimayenda bwino, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa malo ang'onoang'ono achisanu. Chimatsitsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa cha ma spines owala. |
| Echinocactus polycephalus (Echinocactus polycephalus) | Kutalika mpaka 70 cm, kumakula nthawi zambiri m'magulu. Thunthu lake limakhala ndi nthiti 20, ma spal radial - 50 mm, pakati - mpaka 60 mm. Mitundu ya spoti ya ocher imadziwika kuchokera kumbali ngati pinki, nthawi zina spines zimakhala zachikaso. Cactus amatulutsa maluwa achikasu pach korona wokhala ndi whisk mpaka 60 mm. | Pafupifupi sikufalikira kunyumba. |
| Echinocactus Texas | Thunthu lopindika, laling'ono, lotalika mpaka 30 cm mulitali mpaka 20 cm lili ndi 13-24 rkber, chisoti chachifumucho ndi choyera. Msana wapakati umafika 60 mm; ma radial oyenda mpaka 40 mm kutalika. Maluwa ndi ofiira ngati pinki, okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira. | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa malo obzala minda yachisanu. Maluwa ndi owala komanso okongola kwambiri. |
| Parachichi wa Echinocactus (Echinocactus parryi) | Thunthu lake ndi laimvi lautoto, wokhala ndi utoto wofika masentimita 30. Chiwerengero cha nthitiyo chimafika pa 15. Chimakhala kuchokera ku 6 mpaka 11 radiines spines, 4 pakati. Zomera zazing'ono, ma spines ndi a bulauni, kenako kukhala ndi mtundu woyera. Mizu imakonda kuvunda. | Kukula nkovuta. Kumera m'mafulemu kumakhala kotsika. Koyambira kumpoto kwa Mexico. |
| Echinocactus wokhala ndi mitu yambiri (J.M. Bigelow) | Nyumbayo imafika masentimita 70 mulifupi. Ili ndi singano zazitali zokongola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira, ofiira kapena achikasu, chiwerengero cha nthiti mpaka 20. | Kugawidwa m'chipululu cha Mojave. Ntchito ngati maluwa okongoletsera m'nyumba. |
Chonde dziwani kuti phula lodziwika bwino la singano (Ferocactus latispinus) silili la echinocactus. Mwa mitundu ina ya cacti, stapelia, thaumcraft, echinocereus ndiyotchuka.
Zomwe zikukula za ecinocactus ndikusamalira
Echinocactus kwenikweni sikufuna chisamaliro, amakula pang'onopang'ono.
Onse a cacti amakonda kuunikira kowala, samawopa kusintha kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha. Komanso, womalizirayo angamuphe. Chapakatikati, chomeracho chimasungunuka, kenako ndikupititsa padzuwa.
Kuwala
Cacti amakonda zowala komanso zowunikira. Amamva bwino m'malo opezeka bwino kum'mwera. Amalekerera kutentha bwino. Tsinde limakonda kutambasukira kumwala, choncho mbewuyo imasinthidwa pafupipafupi.
Ngakhale kuti alibe ulemu, ngati mwininyumbayo akufuna kukonza mawonekedwe ake, muyenera kuganizira zounikira.
Echinocactus dzimbiri wofiyira amakhala tcheru makamaka kuwala. Ndi kuwala kwa tsiku lalitali, mtundu wake umakhala wowala ndikuwonjezereka. Izi ndizodziwika kapena zowonjezera pa echinocactus onse.
Kutentha
Poganizira za matenda a echinocactus aku Georgia panyumba, ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kufunika kosunga kutentha. Amva bwino ponsepo m'munda wachisanu komanso pawindo lakumwera. Nthawi yomweyo, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupereka kutentha kofunikira. Chapakatikati, cacti amatengeredwa kukhonde kapena chipinda china chozizira.
| Njira yotentha | Zoyenera kumangidwa |
| + 18 ... +23 ° C | Chapakatikati / chilimwe (ngati pamwamba +30 ° C - pali nthawi yopuma). |
| + 10 ... +12 ° C | Kugwa / yozizira |
| + 7 ... +8 ° C | Kutentha kovomerezeka tsiku lililonse kumayenderana ndi munda wachisanu. |
| m'munsi mwa +8 ° C | Zomera zimafa. |
Kuthirira, chinyezi
M'chilimwe, kuthirira mbewu sikufunikira nthawi zopitilira 2 pamwezi.
Nthawi yothirira nthawi yozizira imawonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri kapena 2,5. Izi zimafunikira madzi osasintha otentha a chipinda. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa pang'ono, koma osati yonyowa kwambiri. Kutsirira kumaimitsidwa pa + 15 ° C.
Dothi, kuvala pamwamba
Za feteleza, nyimbo za suppulents zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, munyengo zimadyetsedwa nthawi 1-2 kuchokera pa Epulo mpaka Okutobala.
Mutha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe, ndikuthira manyowa milungu itatu iliyonse. Echinocactus gruzona wokhala ndi michere nthaka imawala kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kukonzanso dziko lapansi, pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi kuchokera ku turf, sheet lapansi, pumice, mchenga ndi makala. Komabe, izi sizokwanira, mitundu yowala ya ma spines imapereka pamene kuthirira ndi utoto.
Thirani
Kubzala kwa cactus kumafunikira mu kasupe, kamodzi pa zaka 3-5, makamaka kuti asinthe nthaka yomwe yadzala.
Pazifukwa izi, gawo limodzi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira ma sapulents, omwe amatha kukonzekera palokha kuchokera ku pepala lofanana, sod land, mchenga, pumice wabwino komanso makala.
Nthawi iliyonse akaikonza kukhala chidebe chatsopano, cholimba chokhala ndi mulifupi wokulirapo. Zomera zazikulu zokulirapo sizifunikira kukonzanso gawo lapansi.
Ntchito:
- zonyowa zogona pansi;
- chotsani dothi lakale pamizu ya cactus kuti mupewe acidization;
- kupatsirana kumachitika popanda kuzama kwambiri mu nthaka yokonzedwa.
Maluwa
Amamasuka a Echinocactus nthawi zambiri, ma maluwa amapezeka mwa mitundu ina ya achikulire kuyambira azaka 20. Maluwa amawoneka pa korona, nthawi zambiri amaphukira.
Kuswana
Kubalana kwa echinocactus kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi ana ndi mbewu.
Ana
Nthawi zambiri, ana samapanga mfundo, makamaka pa hudson.
Kuti muchepetse khansa, iyenera kuwonongeka pang'ono. Kuti izi zitheke, pang'ono osaya pang'ono ndikwanira, kuwonongeka kwakukulu mbewuyo ikadwala ndikuyamba kuwola.
Ana ozika mizu:
- olekanitsidwa ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka;
- kwa masiku 2-3 achokere mumlengalenga ndi mizu yoyesedwa pansi;
- kuziika mu mchenga wosathiridwa kapena peat osakanikirana ndi mchenga, kukhomerera nthaka ndikusintha khanda ndi mano;
- itatha miyezi 1-2, ndikuziika mumphika waukulu.
Mbewu
Mukakulitsa echinocactus kwa mbewu, zinthuzo zimabzyala m'nthaka kumapeto kwa dzinja (February). Pazifukwa izi, gwiritsani ntchito dothi lotayirira, chisakanizo cha tsamba komanso mchenga wofanana.
Mbewu zimayikidwa moyenerera panthaka ya chidebe, ndikuwazidwa pang'ono ndi nthaka, kumaliliridwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Wowonjezera kutentha amayikidwa pazenera ndikusamalidwa ndi kutentha kwa + 26 ... +30 ° C. Mbewu zimamera pakatha masabata awiri. Amasungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa mwezi wina, ndiye mbewu zazing'ono zomwe amazolowera m'nyumba.
A Dachnik akuchenjeza: matenda ndi tizirombo ta echinocactus
Matenda akuluakulu a cactus amakhudzana ndi chisamaliro chochepa.
Izi zimadziwonetsera mosayembekezereka, chizindikiro cha kuwonongeka ndi ana omwe ali ndi mawanga amdima, owuma. Pankhaniyi, amazika nthawi yomweyo. Cactus akachira, mphukira zatsopano zimasiyidwa m'malo mwake.
Echinocactus nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi nthata za akangaude, nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo tambiri. Kuti athetse matendawa, chomera chimatsukidwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda, ophimba dothi ndi filimu.
Njira zina zothetsera tizirombo:
- kutsuka;
- kupopera fodya;
- pakuwonongeka kwa chomera ndi tiziromboti kapena nkhupakupa - kuthilira ndi yankho la Actellik 2 kawiri pamwezi (katatu motsatira ndikokwanira).
Momwe mungadziwire majeremusi:
- mphutsi zimawoneka ngati kachilombo kakang'ono kamakutidwa ndi sera wokutira;
- nkhupakupa zikuwoneka bwino ngati mawonekedwe a bulauni kapena madontho ofiira, pansi pawo mutha kuwona kuwonongeka kwakufa kwa thunthu;
- Scabies ali ndi siliva imvi, kufalitsa matenda a fungus.
Zomera zodwala zimakhala zokha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa echinocactus
Zomera za Echinocactus zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga minda ndi mkati. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhadze za mibadwo yosiyanasiyana imawoneka bwino. M'nyumba, amasintha mphamvu.
Ku Mexico, zipatso zokhala ndi maswiti (bisagnaga) ndi nyama yotsekemera zimakonzedwa kuchokera ku mitundu ina. Guwa lotchedwa asitron limawonjezedwanso ku nyama m'malo mwa masamba.
