Aphid akuukira nkhaka mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'munsi mwa masamba, maluwa, mazira. Mitengo yowopsya imadziwika mosavuta ndi masamba opotoka ndi maluwa akugwa.
Miyezi yotentha ya chilimwe imapanga malo abwino kuti nsalu za nsabwe za m'masamba ziwoneke. Banja la tizirombozi timabwerera mofulumira ndipo zimayambitsa kukolola kwa kanthawi kochepa. Kuopsa kwa chiwembu cha aphid ndikuti tizilombo tingathe kulekerera matenda a tizilombo omwe sakhala ochiritsidwa. Kodi mungatani ngati aphid akuonekera pa nkhaka? Njira zabwino komanso njira zothana ndi tizilombozi tafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Mitundu
Nkhaka ndizokondweretsa kwa mitundu yambiri ya nsabwe za m'masamba a mitundu iyi:
- Makamaka amakonda iwo vwende aphid. Matendawa ali ndi zobiriwira: zimakhala zovuta kuziwona nthawi yomweyo pa nkhaka masamba komanso zimayambira.
- Mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imayanjana ndi dzina limodzi - aphid wakuda. Mtundu wa tizirombozi umasiyana ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira.Aphid imakonda amino zidulo ndi zakudya zomwe zili m'madera onse a chitsamba ndi madzi.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezeka muzinthu izi.
Kuvulaza
Kawirikawiri nthawi yowonongeka ya aphid ndi theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, chifukwa tizilombo timayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama mu July. Zomwe zili m'mapiri a underside a nkhaka masamba, vwende aphid amadyetsa madzi (mwatsatanetsatane za nsabwe za m'masamba amadya m'chilengedwe, mungapeze apa).
Tchire timayamba kutaya mphamvu, masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kupiringa, kukula kwa nkhaka kumachepa. Zakudya zowawa ndi nkhaka zakuda. Banja losautsa limakhudza pafupifupi mbali zonse za zomera:
- tsinde;
- masamba;
- chithunzi;
- zipatso zakucha.
Mbewu yaying'ono, yomwe imagwidwa ndi khola la nsabwe za m'masamba, silingathe kukhazikitsa ndi kupereka ovary. Ambiri a nkhaka amafa.
Nkhaka akuvutika ndi aphid akuukira osati kutchire, komanso wowonjezera kutentha. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, shuga madzi (pad), masamba a nkhaka masamba ndipo ndi nyambo zabwino kwa tizilombo tina.
Kodi zimachokera kuti ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani?
Akuluakulu a nsabwe za m'masamba salekerera chisanu, koma mphutsi zake zimatha kupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira. Kwa nyengo yozizira, tizilombo nthawi zambiri amasankha namsongole. Malo abwino kwambiri odyera nyere ndi masamba osambira. Pamodzi ndi nthaka yowonongeka, nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kulowa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Nyerere zimakhala ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimathandizanso kuti nsabwe za m'masamba zikhalepo. Tizilombo tingagwirizanitse pakhosi ndi zisa, zomwe zimakonza m'mabotolo ndi m'malo obiriwira (kuti mumve zambiri zokhudza chithandizo cha nyerere ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, onani nkhaniyi).
Kuti aphid ayambe kudzuka m'nyengo yozizira, ndikwanira kukweza kutentha kwa mpweya ku ma digrii +5 Tizilombo tambiri timabereka, timadyetsa udzu. Panthawi imene mbande zimabzalidwa, aphid ikuyenda mu siteji yatsopano ya chitukuko - ili ndi mapiko. Atapeza zizindikiro za kuthawa, nsabwe za m'masamba zimapita kukafunafuna zakudya zatsopano. Young nkhaka kubzala - chokoma chokoma mu zakudya za tizilombo toononga.
Nyerere zimathandizira kuti kufalikira kwa nsabwe za m'masamba kumapiri.. Amakopeka ndi madzi a shuga.
Kudula tizilombo
Mmene mungagwirire ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, ngati zikuwoneka pansi pa masamba a nkhaka zomwe zimakula mu wowonjezera kutentha? Polimbana ndi tizirombo, nkofunika kuganizira nthawi, popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuwononga zomera zambiri mu masiku 7-8 okha. Ndi tizilombo tingathe kumenyana ndi mankhwala ochiritsira onse komanso mankhwala okwera mtengo ogulitsa mafakitale.
Njira za anthu kuposa kuchitira chomera ku tizilombo
Cholinga chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe onse odziwika ndikuti fungo lopweteka la zigawozi zimayambitsa tizilombo. Sopo, tsabola, horseradish ndi zinthu zina zimapangitsa masamba kukhala osayenera chifukwa cha chakudya, nyemba yambewu imamwalira kapena imasiya masamba. Ndiponso, kufanana kwina kwa njira - zogwira mtima kokha ndi tizilombo tochepa.
| Zida | Kuphika | Kugwiritsa ntchito, kukonza |
| Madzi ndi sopo | Kukonzekera yankho muyenera kumwa madzi okwanira 1 litre ndi 2 tbsp. sopo wamadzi. |
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| Pepper | Tengani tsabola 2-3 yotsekedwa bwino (mukhoza kukazila), kukoka mu chidebe cha madzi. Ngati maluwawo atadzaza kale munda, ndiye kuti 40 g sopo, madontho 2-3 a ayodini ndi 150 g wa phulusa amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho. | Kuchitidwa kumachitika dzuwa litalowa, kupopera mbewu yothetsera vutoli pamayambira ndi masamba apamwamba. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzimadzi sakufika ku mizu. |
| Garlic | 500 g akanadulidwa adyo kutsanulira 3 malita a madzi. Kuumiriza ku banki, kutseka chivindikiro kwa masiku asanu. | Mankhwala osakaniza, onetsetsani nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zitsamba zathanzi. |
| Msuwa | Choyamba mumiriza 10 g wa mpiru ufa, utasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre. Kenaka yikani 800 ml ya madzi kuti mugwiritse ntchito. | Pogwiritsa ntchito botolo lazitsulo, perekani zitsamba zonse. |
| Celandine | Chomeracho chimakhala ndi madzi owopsa, choncho muyenera kugwira nawo ntchito ndi magolovesi, ndipo mutagwiritsa ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito chidebe ndi mpeni mutagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi sopo komanso madzi oyera. Pakuti yankho adzafuna 100-150 g atsopano udzu kapena 300 g youma. Dothi la celandine lodulidwa lidonthe madzi 10 malita, kuphimba mwamphamvu, chokani kuti muime dzuwa kwa masiku awiri. | Dulani ndi kutsanulira zitsamba ndi mfuti. |
| Yarrow | Kuyambira kukonzekera kulowetsedwa kwakukulu. Kuchita izi, kuchepetsa 900 g wa udzu watsopano ndi 2 malita a madzi otentha mu chidebe. Phimbani ndikulunga thaulo lakuda kwa ola limodzi. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumaphatikizidwa ndi 10 malita a madzi. | Gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa lita imodzi pa 1 mita imodzi ya masango a nkhaka. |
| Fodya | Kukonzekera yankho la 400 g fodya kapena fodya kutsanulira madzi otentha. Tsatirani masiku 2. | Musanayambe kukonza, 80-100 g ya pakhomo kapena phula sopo amawonjezeredwa ku yankho. |
| Mbatata kapena pamwamba pa phwetekere | Kukonzekera yankho pogwiritsira ntchito mbali kumbali ndi nthambi zofooka. Pa chidebe 1 cha madzi ozizira amafunikira kuchokera 2 mpaka 3 makilogalamu a masamba. Muyenera kuumirira pansi pa chivindikiro maola 24. | Sipani masamba. |
| Horseradish | Kukonzekera kudzafunika mizu 7-8 ya zomera. Dulani bwino, kutsanulira 3 malita a madzi ofunda. Pakatha maola atatu, kutsekedwa kumeneku kumachotsedwa, ndipo keke yotsala ya mafuta imatsanulira madzi ndikuumiriza maola atatu. Zotsatira za infusions zimasakanizidwa m'modzi. | Kulowetsedwa kwa horseradish nkhaka masamba akhoza sprayed ndi modekha kupukuta. Musanayambe mankhwala, yambani ndi madzi (1 chikho cha njira 5 malita). |
| Wood phulusa | Mu chidebe cha madzi, sungani mpaka mutasungunuka kwathunthu 3 tbsp. supuni ya phulusa phulusa ndi 100 g sopo yophika. | Fulumira zolima. |
Mlimi aliyense ayenera kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito nsabwe za m'masamba pa nkhaka, momwe angagwirire ndi tizilombo tikamabzala panja ndi kutentha, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nkhumba, chitsamba chowawa, lavender ndi sage ndi oyenerera mankhwala a zitsamba.
Kuti zitheke bwino, madontho 5 a zobiriwira kapena ayodini angathe kuwonjezeredwa ndi mankhwala a zitsamba, komanso makristasi 2-3 a manganese. Ndikofunika kuti mupeze mankhwala kuchokera kwa aphid 1-2 pa tsiku.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi mankhwala a nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezeka pano.
Mankhwala ndi zamoyo
Kodi ndi nthawi yanji kukonza nkhaka? N'zotheka kuwonjezera mankhwala pokhapokha ngati mulibe nkhaka. Zakudya zamakono zili poizoni kwa njuchi, choncho siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yamala.
Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndi awa:
Mtsogoleri - madzi sungunuka kuganizira.- Corado - zogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zokongola za maluwa. Zomwe zimateteza pambuyo pa mankhwala zimatha masabata ena atatu.
- Aktara - Pa tsiku lachiwiri mutapopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kwa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, timadzi timadzi timakhala poizoni.
Mtsogoleri - madzi sungunuka kuganizira.Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito Peretrium, Inta-Vir, Spark Bio, Fitoverm. Njira zamoyo zimakopa kukopa tizilombo tina - adani a nsabwe za m'masamba. Njirayi idzakhala yogwira ntchito zowononga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati zithunzi zochepa za peat zimafalikira pandondomeko, zidzakopeka ndulu zomwe zimakonda kudya. Podzala katsabola kapena mpiru pamabedi, mukhoza kukopa mbalame yaikazi - mdani wachilengedwe wa nsabwe za m'masamba. Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri zokhudzana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pano, komanso za othandizira kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
- Kodi kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba pa tsabola?
- Kodi kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pamtengo wa zipatso?
- Kodi mungatani ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zimayambira pa maluwa omwe mumawakonda?
- Malangizo omwe anakumana nawo wamaluwa kulimbana ndi zobiriwira apulo nsabwe za m'masamba ndi zina zake.
- Mmene mungagwirire bwino ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pa currants?
- Kodi mungachotsere bwanji tizilombo m'munda?
Njira zothandizira
Njira zina zosavuta zidzathandiza kuteteza minda ya nkhaka ku aphid. Zinsinsi pa nsabwe za m'masamba:
- Kusamalira bwino ndi teknoloji yokula. Ndikofunika kufufuza kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kuwala, kutulutsa wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, kuti adye chakudya moyenera.
- Pakati pa mabedi kapena malo obiriwira, mukhoza kulima zomera zomwe ziwopseza nsabwe za m'masamba ndi fungo lawo. Izi adyo, anyezi, chamomile maluwa, calendula kapena marigold.
- Pofuna kuteteza mawonekedwe a nsabwe za m'masamba mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka iyenera kusinthidwa.Malo oti alowe m'malo ndi abwino kuchokera kumadera ena a m'munda momwe nkhaka ndi mavwende ndi mavwende sizinali zisanafike.
- Musanadzalemo, yang'anirani wowonjezera kutentha (wowonjezera kutentha) chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa nyerere ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, awononge iwo.
- Limu zonse zipangizo zamatabwa mkati mwake. Malo otentha a galasi amatsuka bwinobwino ndi njira ya mkuwa wa sulfate.
Choncho, kuthamanga kwa aphid ndi vuto lalikulu koma lokhazikika. Ndi tizilombo toononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo tiyenera kumenyana. Kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kumadalira njira yowonjezera.. Njira zothandizira komanso njira zothandizira zowonongeka zidzawathandiza kupeza zotsatira.
