Strawberry ndi chikhalidwe chamtunda chomwe chimadziwika pakati pa wamaluwa. Zipatso zimadyedwa zosaphika, zomwe zimapangira mchere. Gawo lililonse limakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Zofunikira zazikulu ndi nthawi yakucha, kuchuluka kwa shuga pakuphatikizidwa, komanso kukana matenda opatsirana.
Fusarium wilting, kapena imvi zowola ndimatenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza mitundu yambiri ya sitiroberi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi mtundu wobzala. Kunyalanyaza njira zodzitetezera musanafese kumabweretsa matenda a mbewu zathanzi komanso chivundikiro cha dothi. Ngati palibe chitsimikizo kuti njere zatha kupitilizidwa paukhondo, ndiye kuti aziziphera mankhwala kunyumba. Matendawa ndi osavuta kupewa kuposa kuchiritsa. Kunyalanyaza zikhalidwe zomwezo kungayambitse kufa kwa mbewu yonse ya sitiroberi.
Amayambitsa ndi Zizindikiro za Strawberry Fusarium
Fusarium oxysporum ndiomwe amachititsa Fusarium, adayambitsa nthawi ya kutentha. Atasiya chithandizo, wosamalira mundawo atha kutaya gawo lalikulu la mbewuyo. Chisamaliro makamaka chiyenera kulipidwa kumadera omwe dothi limadziwika ndi acidity yambiri, chinyezi chambiri komanso mawonekedwe osayenera.
Strawberry saloledwa kubzala m'malo otsika.
Zomwe zimayambitsa chidwi cha fusariosis ndi:
- kusasamala kwa kuthirira;
- kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, monga chlorine;
- kukula kwa ikamatera.
Ndi fusarium wilting, tchire zimakhudzidwa kwathunthu. Choyamba, zizindikiro za matendawa zimawonekera m'munsi mwa chomera, kenako masamba omwe amakhala pamwamba amakhala ndi vuto.
Gwero la matenda atha kukhala dothi, nthangala, namsongole, komanso mbewu zobzalidwa pafupi ndi mabulosi.
Dziwani kuti bowa wamchiberekero, wokhala m'nthaka, umagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri.
Fusarium wilting wa sitiroberi amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- mawanga a bulauni pamasamba;
- necrosis ya zobiriwira misa;
- kusintha mumithunzi ya tinyanga ndi mphukira;
- chikwangwani choyera;
- kusowa kwa zipatso;
- kuyanika ndi kudetsa mizu.
Pa gawo lotsiriza la Fusarium, chitsamba chimakhala ndipo chimaba zipatsozo. Tchire limamwalira miyezi 1.5 kutachitika mawonekedwe awonetsedwe koyamba. Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuyesa kwa labotale kumachitika. Njira iyi imawonedwa yolondola kwambiri.
Njira zopewera
Pofuna kupewa kuwonekera kwa fusarium wilting, ndikofunikira:
- tenga mbewu yokhayo yathanzi;
- sankhani mitundu, kuganizira nyengo ndi nthaka;
- samalira kasinthasintha wa mbeu. Malo obzala sitiroberi amafunika kusinthidwa zaka 6 kapena 6 zilizonse;
- kumenya nthaka m'nthaka musanafese mbewu za m'munda;
- kumasula pafupipafupi ndi sitiroberi zamadzi;
- feteleza wa nthawi yake ndi udzu;
- nkhondo tizirombo.
Chiwopsezo cha kukulitsa fusarium chimachepetsedwa ndi potaziyamu oxide ndi laimu. Wamaluwa odziwa ntchito amaphimba kubzala ndi vinyl film. Ziyenera kukhala opaque.
Kugula mitundu ya hybrid yamtundu wochokera kunja kudzawononga ndalama zambiri. Palibe mwayi wotero, wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tchire. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala otsatirawa:
- Agate-25K;
- Fitosporin-M;
- Humate potaziyamu;
- Baktofit;
- Maxim.
Nthaka yodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa acidic imasinthidwa. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuti muchotse bowa. Ngati Fusarium kapena imvi zowola zimapezeka kale kumalo osankhidwa, ndizoletsedwa kubzala mitengo pa izo popanda chithandizo choyambirira.
Tchire labwinobwino timalitsanulira ndi fungicides ngati njira yoteteza. Otchedwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi vuto pa mycelium ndi spores la bowa. Izi ndi monga: Topsin-M, Phytocide, Fundazole, Mikosan-V, Trichoderma Veride, Benefis, Benorad, Wopambana, Sporobacterin. M'malo mwake, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la nkhuni, yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (potaziyamu permanganate), sulufule.
Njira zochizira
Fusarium imatha kulowa pachiwembu chofesedwa, nthaka yokhayo pa nsapato, zida ndi zida. Bowa amakhudza mitengo yazipatso, mbewu ndi mapira. Mndandandawu umaphatikizaponso mbatata, phwetekere, ndi maluwa anyezi omwe amatha kupatsira udzu.
Matendawa amachotsedwa kudzera pazinthu zachilengedwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo oyamba a fusarium.
Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa olima ndiwo mankhwala monga Gumata-K, Trichodermin, Fitosporin-M, Gliokladin ndi Agat 23K. Ndi chotupa chachikulu, malo omwe amafesedwa ndi mankhwala. Mndandanda wa njira zogwira mtima kwambiri ukuphatikizapo Benorad, Fundazol ndi Horus.
Mbewuzo zikakolola, dothi limathandizidwa ndi Nitrafen. Njira yothetsera mankhwalawa imakonzekera kutsatira malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito. Amaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala.
Ndikosatheka kuphatikiza mankhwala achilengedwe ndi mankhwala. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya mankhwala aliwonse ndikuwononga zovuta za tchire. Pambuyo pa mankhwala, mankhwala sayenera kudyedwa kwa masabata angapo.
Wamaluwa sayenera kuyiwala za njira za anthu. Ndiotetezeka anthu ndi zomera. Mndandanda wa mankhwala othandizira ndi ochulukirapo. Nthawi zambiri, njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi mkaka wa ayodini amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mukapopera mbewu, wolima ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi algorithm yolondola. Apo ayi sipakhala zotsatira zabwino.
Nthaka yomwe mabulosi ake amakula amatha kudyetsedwa ndi yisiti ndikuthira potaziyamu.
Izi zimawonjezera kukaniza kwa chikhalidwe kumatenga matenda, makamaka bowa ndi tiziromboti. Ndi fusariosis, tchire losakanikirana la sitiroberi ndi sitiroberi liyenera kuwonongeka. Palibe zotsalira pamimba zomwe zingatsalire pamalowo.
Zosiyanasiyana Strawberry Strawberry
Zitsamba zotsatirazi zili m'gulu lino:
- Arosa;
- Yamaska;
- Bohemia
- Alice
- Gorella
- Florence;
- Judibel;
- Flamenco.
Mndandandawu ukhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu monga Kapri, Tristar, Kristin, Totem, Redgontlet, Talisman, Sonata. Sadzayenera kulandira chithandizo cha Fusarium, popeza samapezeka kawirikawiri ndi iwo.
Kufunafuna kwa Fusarium ndi matenda oopsa, omwe ndi ovuta kukana. Kupambana kwamankhwala kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gawo lomwe mankhwalawa adayamba. Mlimi aliyense ayenera kudziwa momwe angathanirane ndi zipatso. Pokhapokha ngati izi, kulimbana ndi matenda kumabweretsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
