Powdery mildew pa currants - njira zowongolera ndi chithandizo

Powdery mildew ndiye mdani wamkulu wa currants, amene amamuyambitsa matenda ndi microscopic parasitic bowa sferoteka (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae), omwe ndi owopsa kwa gooseberries. Kukula kwa spores yambiri kungayambitse ngakhale kufa kwa tchire. Chifukwa chake, kupewa ndi kuyang'anira kumakhala kofunika kwambiri kwa alimi omwe akufuna kusunga mbewu ndipo akufuna njira yopanda poizoni pochiza mbewu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kukonzekera komwe kumakhala koyenera mbewu zina ndi maluwa, monga maluwa, mwina sikungagwirizana ndi powdery mildew pa currants.

Amayambitsa ndi Zizindikiro za powdery mildew pa currants

Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi bowa, omwe, atakhala nthawi yachisanu m'nthaka, kasupe ndikukhazikitsa nyengo yofunda, amakhudza mbali za mbewu zomwe zili pafupi ndi muzu, pang'onopang'ono zimafalikira kwambiri. Zomera ndi zilonda zopangidwa pamasamba zimapangitsa kuti amadyawo aume ndi kufa.

Ngati simupulumutsa mbewuzo, pofika pakati pa chilimwe matendawa amafalikira pachitsamba chonse, kufikira zipatso zomwe zidzauma ndi kusokonekera.

Zomwe zimayambitsa powdery mildew zitha kuganiziridwa:

• kusowa kwa dzuwa lokwanira;
• kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kuchokera ku 60%, nthawi zina mtengo uwu ukhoza kutsika pang'ono;
• nitrogen yambiri mu nthaka yoposa 600 g pa 100 m2;
• kusowa kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous;
• tchire lambiri;
• kuthilira kolakwika: kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadutsa kapena kuthilira kwamadzi kutsatira chala;
• Zomera ndizovuta kwambiri masiku oyambira 16 mpaka 21 masamba atatha kuoneka;
• madzi opatsirana.

Zinthu zonsezi zimachepetsa kusakhazikika kwa ma currants, zomwe zimatsogolera pakukula kwa matendawa. Komanso, wosamalira yekha munda amatha kusamutsa tchire kukhala zitsamba zabwino pongogwira chomera chodwala.

Izi zikugwiranso ntchito ku zida, magolovesi ndi zida zina zogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ndikotheka kumvetsetsa kuti ma currants amakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kutsogolo kwamasamba, kumapangidwa chophimba choyera cha mycelium.
• Kuphwanya kwa zithunzi za kuthengo. Zonenepa zowonongeka zimakhala zolimba, zimakhala ndi ma curls amphamvu ndikugonjetsedwa. Korona yatsopano yomwe imakula mu impso imawoneka yokhota komanso kukula molakwika.
• Kukula kwa mphukira kumayambira, amayamba kuwerama, kufooka ndipo malekezero ake amatha. Ndi kusasinthika kwa spores, m'malovu amadzimadzi, ndipo mawanga amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a bulauni, zilonda zazing'ono zosawoneka ndi maso zimawonekera.
• Kukana chisanu kumachepa.
• Zipatsozo zimakutidwa ndi ufa komanso zosakanizika.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndizofanana kwa onse ofiira ndi akuda ma currants. Powdery mildew ndiowopsa pamitundu yonse iwiri. Komabe, pali zosiyana zina zomwe zimafunikira kumvetsetsa ndipo, potengera izi, pezani yankho lolondola.

Pa zakuda

Blackcurrant imayamba kutenga matendawa. Ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera komanso simukugwirizana ndi powdery mildew, ndiye kuti mbewu zambiri zimayenera kutayidwa. Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe muyenera kulabadira:

• kuwoneka koyera kopyapyala yoyera masamba masamba, mphukira ndi zipatso zotuluka;
• ndi kukula kwa matendawo, mawanga ayamba kusintha mtundu wawo ndikukhala imvi;
• amadyera amataya mawonekedwe awo, kuwerama ndi kutha;
• zipatso zodzaza zimasowa mu zipatso, zimazimiririka kapena zofiirira.

Pofiyira

Ma currants ofiira sangathenso kutenga matendawa kuposa ma curators akuda. Komabe, zili pamenepo kuti mutha kuwona zomwe zikuchitika, chifukwa cha momwe mtundu wa Powoy womwe udatengera dzina:

• kumayambiriro kwake ndi kuphika ngati ufa, ndikosavuta kuzimitsa ndi zala zanu, koma patapita kanthawi kumawonekera kakulidwe kakang'ono, ndipo ndizosatheka kale kuzichotsa mwaukadaulo;
• ndi nthenda yolimba komanso kuchuluka kwa bowa, tsamba lamasamba limanyowa, lokutidwa ndi madontho amadzimadzi.

Mankhwala a Powdery Mildew

Mpaka pano, ufa wa powdery ndiwowopsa, koma waphunziridwa bwino, womwe umakupatsani mwayi kupeza mankhwala oyenera. Kuti muchite bwino, muyenera kuphatikiza mankhwala osiyanasiyana ndi kupewa matendawa.

Zithandizo zambiri zimachita motere: poyamba, zimayimitsa kukhazikika kwa njuchi, ndipo panjira yachiwiriyo zimasokoneza spores.

Njira za anthu othana ndi vuto la ufa

Alimi ambiri, polimbana ndi ufa wowonda, amakonda mankhwala wowerengeka kuposa mankhwala, amawaganizira kuti ndi otetezeka, komanso zomera. Komabe, izi zimangothandiza mu magawo oyamba a matenda komanso ngati njira yodzitetezera. Mutha kusankha njira yabwino pogwiritsa ntchito gome:

Zachilengedwe zopangira utovu wa ufa

Gulu la mankhwalawa lili ndi mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi omwe amalumikizana ndi bowa wa pathogenic ndikuletsa microflora yawo. Zilibe vuto kuzomera zopangidwa, nyama zapanja komanso anthu. Oyimira akuluakulu amapezeka patebulo:

Powdery Mildew Chemicals

Pamene ma infusions opangidwa kunyumba ndi zinthu zopanda mankhwala sizikhala ndi zotsatira zoyenera kapena ma currants amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi powdery mildew, ichi ndi chizindikiro chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Gome likuthandizirani kusankha mankhwala oyenera:

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito fungicides, ndikofunikira kukumbukira za kusinthana kwawo, chifukwa matendawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala ena. Komabe, mankhwala osagwira ntchito ngati wosamalira mundawo satsatira malamulo angapo osavuta:

• Madera omwe akhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa ndikuchotsedwa;
• Sambani zotsala kuchokera pamphuno;
• chotsani gawo loyambira la gawo lapansi pansi pa chomera chilichonse;
• mukapopera, tsatirani malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito;
• ngati ndi kotheka, chitani chithandizo china chachiwiri.

Mankhwala olimba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, makamaka munthawi ya mapangidwe a m'mimba.

Kuteteza kwa Powdery Mildew

Kuti matenda a currant ndi kulimbana nawo asadzetse mavuto kwa wolima dimba, njira zodzitetezera ndizofunika kwambiri:

• ngati kuli kotheka, yeretsani malowa kuchokera kumapeto ndi udzu womaliza chaka chatha;
• kukonza mbewu yankho lomwe lili ndi sopo ndi phulusa, njira ina yothandizira ndi mkuwa wamkuwa;
• muzifufuza pafupipafupi zizindikiro zoyambitsa matendawa;
• mankhwala othandizira mbande zadothi ndi dothi.

Mutha kusinthanso kukula kwa mbewuyo:

• madzi pokhapokha gawo lapansi louma kwathunthu;
• kudulira tchire lambiri mu kasupe, kubzala masamba omwe ali pafupi kwambiri;
• kupanga zovala zapamwamba zokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kapena kusiyiratu;
• khadzulani masamba a masamba omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka;
• samalira kasinthasintha wa mbeu;
• patsani mitundu yosagwirizana ndi powdery mildew.

Kuchita izi kumathandiza kupewa matendawa ndikuwapatsa mbewu kumtetezero nyengo yonse.

Powdery mildew pa currants

Nthawi yonse yokula, ma currant amafunika kuwaza katatu. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi moyenera komanso munthawi yake komanso motengera:

• Chapakatikati, nthawi yopambana kwambiri pokonza mbewu: Mankhwala amayambitsa mavuto ambiri ndipo amalimbana kwambiri ndi mafangasi ndipo amawalepheretsa kupanga.
• M'chilimwe, munthawi ya maluwa ambiri ndikupanga mabulosi. Wina ayenera kusamala kuti asagwiritse ntchito mankhwala amphamvu omwe angaikidwe mu chipatso ndikulowa m'thupi la munthu, ndikupangitsa poizoni.
• Mukugwa, mutakolola ndikuchotsa mbali zodulira, kupewa matenda mtsogolo.

Ndikofunika kuchitira mankhwalawa ponyowetsa pansi mbali zonse za pepalalo ndi mfuti yoluka kapena burashi lonse. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi nthawi yamadzulo bwino, osati nyengo yonyowa monga chiwembu: osachepera 1 pa sabata, kwa mwezi umodzi.

A Dachnik amalimbikitsa: mitundu yofewa yogonjetsedwa ndi currant

Nthawi zambiri wamaluwa amayang'ana mitundu yomwe imadwala matendawa pafupipafupi kuposa ena. Kusatetemera bwino kumachepetsa nthawi yomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikukulolani kuti mupezenso mbewu zochuluka komanso zodzaza. Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, mitundu yambiri yokwanira ya olimbana ndi powdery mildew adatha kuwuma. Makhalidwe akuluakulu a oyimira bwino amapezeka patebulo:

Ngati zizindikiro zoyambirira zikupezeka, wolimi ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa bowa ndi kuteteza tchire ndi zipatso.

Powdery mildew ndi matenda oopsa a currant, omwe amawoneka ngati palibe chisamaliro komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Komabe, mutaphunzira zambiri za mawonetsedwe azizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa ndikusankha njira yothanirana ndi bowa, simungangochiritsa chomera, komanso kupulumutsa mbewuzo.