Antirrinum (Antirrhinum) kapena snapdragon wodziwika bwino ndi wa banja la Psyllium. Amazidziwanso pansi pa mayina ena: galu (ku Russia), chinjoka kapena chinjoka choluma (ku England), khwangwala (ku France), ndi kamwa (ku Ukraine). Dzinalo litamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki limatanthawuza ngati pamphuno kapena lofanana ndi mphuno. Amakhulupirira kuti adachokera kwa mulungu wamkazi yemwe adapanga duwa ili polemekeza kupambana kwa mkango. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ku Greece, pali chizolowezi chowupatsa ngwazi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe a snapdragon
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 yomwe imamera kumadera akumwera kwa Earth, koposa onse ku North America. Duwa ili lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana asanu. Chifukwa cha zoyeserera za obereketsa masiku ano, pali mitundu chikwi chimodzi chomwe chili chokhazikitsidwa pamtundu umodzi - antirrinum ndi yayikulu.
Snapdragon ndi mchaka kapena udzu wofikira mpaka 15 masentimita - 1 - nthambi zokhala ndi mizere yopyapyala zimafanana ndi piramidi. Masamba atali ofanana mawonekedwe a ellipse, lanceolate. Pamwambapa pali malo otsatirawa, pansipa pali zosiyana. Mtundu wobiriwira - mithunzi yonse yoyera ndi yakuda, mitsempha yamagazi imawoneka bwino. Kununkhira, maluwa ofunikira amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osalakwika (milomo iwiri) komanso inflorescence ngati khutu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana. Pali zowala, zagolide ndi mitundu yonse ya mithunzi yofiira. Ndinapeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya terry komanso mitundu yambiri. Mbewu zochuluka zimakhwima mkati mwa chipatso, chomwe chimakhala ngati bokosi.
Limasamba mchilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira pafupifupi nyengo isanazizire. Ziphuphu zamphongo zimamera nthawi zambiri ngati chaka. Kukhalapo kwa chisamaliro chapamwamba kwambiri komanso mikhalidwe yoyenera imalola kuti snapdragon, monga biennium, kukhalabe pansi komanso nthawi yozizira iyambe maluwa ake achiwiri. Papangidwe kamangidwe, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira malire, mabedi a maluwa, udzu wobiriwira. Makonde ndi ma verandas okhala ndi antirrinum obzalidwa amawoneka bwino. Mitundu ya Ampel imabzalidwa pamitengo yobzala ndi mabasiketi.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya antirrinum
Zosiyanasiyana zonse za antirrinum zimadziwika ndi kukula kwake.
Giant
Kusiyana pakati pa mitunduyi ndi kukula kwakukulu. Mabasi omwe amakakamizidwa pambuyo pake amaimiridwa ndi thunthu limodzi. Maluwa akulu komanso otuwa nthawi zambiri. Kukula m'malo obiriwira odulira. Izi ndi monga mitundu: Yambani, Frontier, Suprem, Rocket, Kukakamiza.
Wamtali
Kukula kwawo kumakhala kotsika pang'ono - 65-110 masentimita. Chigawo chochepa kwambiri chimayang'anidwa pang'ono, ndikupanga masitepe achilendo. Kukhalapo kwa inflorescence yobzalidwa kwambiri ndi maluwa akulu ndizodziwika. Gwiritsani ntchito muma bouquets.
Yapakatikati
Tchire la Pyramidal limatalika masentimita 35-50. Ulemerero wawo umapangidwa chifukwa cha nthambi zamphamvu. Amawoneka osangalatsa mu nyimbo ngati mitundu yosankha masiku osiyana oyambira yasankhidwa.
Chotsikitsidwa
Izi ndi mbewu zazing'ono (30 cm) zokhala ndi njira zambiri. Panthawi yakutha kwathunthu, amawoneka ngati gawo. Pa burashi pali maluwa ang'onoang'ono komanso otayirira.
Kalulu
Mitundu yaying'ono (15 cm). Sinthani mu nthambi zambiri. Zikuwoneka kuti tchire limangosunthira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ma inflorescence ndi ochepa.
Njira zofalitsira snapdragon
Itha kufalikira m'njira ziwiri: zobereka komanso zopatsa mphamvu. Kumera m'mbewu kumapitilira kwa zaka zingapo. M'malo okhala ndi nyengo yofunda amabzala nthawi yomweyo m'mundamo. Mphukira zimatha kuwoneka m'masabata angapo, ndipo nyengo yochepa yozizira siyidzawapweteka. M'malo ena, ndibwino kulima mbande, zomwe sizovuta komanso sizovuta.
Mbande kukula ndondomeko
Kuti muyambe kubzala mbewu, konzani chidebe chotalika masentimita 10. M'munsi mwake, mabowo amayenera kupakidwa madzi ochuluka. Mukakonza dothi, mafungulo amafunikira, onse okhala ndi maselo akuluakulu ndi ang'ono, spatula. Pansi pa mbale mumayikiratu ngalande - zofunikira kwambiri dongo kapena timiyala tating'ono. Kenako amakonza pansi.
Kusankhidwa kwa dothi
Kuti tipeze mbande zokwanira, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira komanso lopepuka. Dothi lokonzeka limagulidwa kapena kukonzedwa lokha. Zofunika zikuchokera: dziko la turf, mchenga, peat, humus ndi phulusa. Zonsezi zimatengedwa pamlingo wa 1: 1: 1: 0,5: 0, 0, wosakanikirana bwino ndi kuzingidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito chofunda chachikulu, kenako chaching'ono. Gawo laling'ono lomwe limapezeka pambuyo pofufuza koyamba litayikiridwa pansi, linalo limadzazidwa mu chidebe chonse. Onetsetsani kuti mwapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Dothi lakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito masiku awiri.
Kukonzekera kwa mbewu
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu za snapdragon zimagulidwa ku malo ogulitsira, ndikusankha zomwe mungasankhe. Samalani kutalika, mtundu, nthawi ya pachimake, ndizofunikira ziti zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikule.
Ngati akolola okha, akuwonetsetsa kuti ziume bwino.
Sungani pansi pa firiji kuti muthe kufesa panjira musanafesere. Asanabzike, amayenera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ofooka wa potaziyamu (theka la ola), kenako ndikuwuma, ndikufalitsa pa nsalu kapena pepala. Atatsiriza njira zonse zakonzekereratu, amabzala.
Kusunga malamulo a mbande
Njira zokulira mbande imayamba kumayambiriro kwamasika. Tengani mbale zoyikiratu (mainchesi 10cm), ikani pansi mchenga pansi, kenako konzani dothi ndikunyowetsa pansi ndi sipera. Fesani mbewuyo kuchokera pamwamba, kuphimba ndi gawo lapansi, kuwaza ndi madzi ndikuphimba ndi galasi. Tsiku lililonse, ndikofunikira kuti inyamule kuti mpweya upezeke, chotsani chotsitsa, ndipo chikamuma, kuthirira nthaka.
Zikafika mphukira zoyambirira, mbaleyo amaikidwa pamalo owala, ndipo patapita masiku ochepa amasiya kuphimba. M'mbale zokhazikitsidwa ndi dothi, malo osaya kwambiri amapangika patali pafupifupi 2 cm, pomwe mbewu zimatsanuliridwa, mutaziphatikiza ndi mchenga. Kuti mumve bwino ndi nthaka, tamp. Kuti muwonetsetse mbande zabwino, sungani kutentha kwa +18 ° C.
Momwe mungasamalire mbande
Kuwoneka kwa mbande zoyambirira kumatanthauza kuti kapu yophimba mbewu ikhoza kuchotsedwa. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, tsiku lililonse, ndikuwonjezera mphindi 10-15 kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino. Mbande zimayamba kupanga mizu, kenako masamba okha. Pambuyo pakupanga bwino awiriawiri, amasankha. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito miphika yopatula, makapu a peat (8 cm) kapena muli (chiwembu chodzala 5x5). Ili ndi gawo loyamba kupeza chitsamba chachikulu, ndipo pakupanga njirazo, korona amapangidwanso. Pa gawo lachiwiri, kupatsirana kumachitika kale pamtunda wa masentimita 10. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino kukula, muyenera kupereka kuwala, kuthirira kofunikira ndi kutentha kwa +23 ° C.
Thirani mbande panja
Amabzala m'mundamo nthawi yomwe siziyembekezera kuti kuzizira. Zimatengera gawo la kukula. Chofunika kwambiri ndikusankha kwaderalo: liyenera kuyalidwa bwino, dothi lokhala ndi mchenga wambiri. Kenako amakonzekera (ziwerengero zimaperekedwa pa m2):
- kupanga phulusa la nkhuni (galasi) ndi feteleza wovuta (supuni);
- kuwonjezera manyowa ochulukirapo - 3 makilogalamu, peat - 1 makilogalamu;
- kukumba;
- kumasula.
Kubzala mbande kumachitika madzulo kapena masana kukakhala dzuwa.
Mtunda pakati pa mbewuzo watsalira, potengera kutalika kwa mitundu yobzalidwa. Kukula kwakukulu kwa chithunzithunzi, kumakhala kwakukulu. Kuti mbande isasungidwe, mbande imayamba kuthiriridwa madzi kenako ndikusunthidwa kumalo okonzedwa ndi dothi. Mphukira sizakuya kwambiri. Dothi limasunthidwa pang'ono.
Kusamalira kwakunja kwa snapdragons
Kusamalira snapdragons ndikosavuta komanso kufikika ngakhale kwa alimi osadziwa. Nayi kufotokozera kwa mfundo zazikuluzikulu zofunika kutsatira:
- Kutsirira ndizochepa komanso nthawi zonse. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito wamba kapena kukhazikika. Kwa mbande ndi mbewu zosakhwima zimagwiritsa kuthirira kuti zisawononge.
- Chakudya chapadera. Feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe iwo amabweretsedwa patatha masiku 15-20 mutabzala mbande. Pambuyo anachita kawiri pamwezi.
- Mulching nthaka. Gwiritsani utuchi, udzu wouma kapena humus.
- Kumasuka. Zachitika kuti mzimu uzitha kufikira mizu. Zimalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Kutolera mbewu
Mbewu zimasonkhanitsidwa chifukwa chosakhwima ndipo zimayikidwa m'chipinda chapadera kuti zipse, kuti zipatse mpweya. Njira imayamba pambuyo pa kusasitsa kokwanira kwa makapisozi apansi pa tsinde ndi maluwa. Muvi wapamwamba wokhala ndi zipatso zobiriwira wachotsedwa, ndipo thumba lapepala limaponyera lina lonse ndikutetezedwa. Chitani chembani m'munsi ndikuchepetsa ndi lakuthwa pansi m'chipinda chapadera. Mbewu zakupsa zimatulira m'thumba. Kenako amasonkhanitsidwa pabokosi lamakatoni ndikusungidwa, ndikupereka chitetezo ku chinyezi.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Chomera chokongola chamtundu wabwino wosasamalidwa bwino chimapatsiridwa matenda:
- Dzimbiri. Malo owala opsinjika adzawoneka pamwambapa, ndipo masamba achikasu pansipa, omwe amachititsa khungu ndikupeza utoto wofiira. Kutengedwa ndi ndege. Maluwa amafota ndikufa.
- Downy khosi. Mutha kuwona mawonekedwe a malo oyera oyera kumtunda kwa masamba, ndipo pansi - loyera kapena la bulauni. Popewa, malo obiriwira sayenera kuloledwa, komanso chinyezi chambiri m'malo obiriwira. Amathandizidwa ndikukonzekera zamkuwa, asanagwiritse ntchito, masamba onse omwe akhudzidwa amachotsedwa.
- Powdery Mildew Kapangidwe ka zolengeza zoyera pazigawo zonse za chomera ndichikhalidwe. Ndikwabwino kusankha mitundu yolimbana ndi matendawa.
- Brown zowola. Nthambi zimayera, kenako zimasintha chikasu ndikugwa. Mukachotsa muzu, zikuwonekeratu kuti tsopano zavunda komanso zofewa. Amayamba kuthilira pafupipafupi kapena m'nthaka yokhala ndi acidity yochepa.
- Brown zowola. Mtundu wa tsinde m'munsi umasintha. Mbande ndi mbewu zosakhwima zimakhudzidwa. Mukabzala mbande singabzalidwe kwambiri.
Tizilombo tina, agulugufe omwe amayikira mazira, ndi tizirombo tina amathanso kuukira.
Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa mwachangu, ndipo malo awo okukula amathandizidwa ndi mayankho apadera.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: mankhwala a snapdragon
Snapdragon sadziwika kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, komanso zamankhwala. Mankhwala a kum'mawa, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ake monga:
- Ma antidote
- odana ndi ukalamba (wophatikizidwa ndi mafuta a kakombo).
Ntchito mankhwalawa maso, m'mimba thirakiti, ndipo chimfine. Zodzola ndi infusions zakonzedwa kuchokera ku antirrinum. Mankhwala amawonjezeredwa pokonzekera mankhwala osamba. Monga prophylactic, tiyi amapangidwa (chithandizo cha chiwindi), amakakamira zilonda.
Kuphatikiza pa zonse pamwambapa, palinso maphikidwe ena. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti snapdragon ndi woipa, motero, kulandira kumachitika pokhapokha pokhapokha povomerezana ndi adokotala komanso mu Mlingo wofotokozedwayo. Pali zingapo zotsutsana: mimba, matenda amtima, matenda oopsa.
