Irises: akafika, amasamalira

Iris ndi wa banja la a Kasatikov. Chimakula kulikonse ndipo chili ndi mitundu yoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri. Dzinali limachokera ku Greek ndipo limatanthawuza "utawaleza". Ikulidwa kwa zaka zoposa 2000. Minda, mandala, mapaki, mabwalo, nyumba zam'chilimwe zimakongoletsa duwa. Zofunikira zodzikongoletsera zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chomera.

Mitundu ndi mitundu

"Iris" ndi dzina wamba la mbewu zomwe zili ndi nthangala komanso zowononga zambiri. Mitundu yonseyi ndi yophukira.

Palibe gulu la mitundu iyi. Ku Russia, ma rhizomatous amadziwika kuti ndi olondola, komanso ochulukirapo padziko lonse lapansi.

Mitundu yonse imakwanira momwe amafotokozera: Iris amakhala ndi chaka ndi chaka chomwe amakhala ndi mphukira yayikulu kuphatikiza fungo labwino. Ma pulateni owonda ndi sera. Pali maluwa asanu ndi limodzi pa duwa, lomwe limakhazikitsidwa mizere iwiri: itatu itapinda kunja, yamkati imakwezedwa pamwamba ndi mzati.

Rhizome

Amagawidwa kukhala ndi ndevu komanso osakhala ndi ndevu. Sangatengeko kuti achoke, amapirira modzizira chisanu cha Chigawo cha Moscow ndi zigawo zina za dziko. Bearded adayikidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono: Siberian, spuria, Japan, Louisiana.

Mitundu yomwe imamera pang'ono mpaka 25c sentimita (Canadian Gold). Kukula kwapakatikati kumakula mpaka masentimita 50 (Blue Stakatto, Burgomaster, Kentucky Derby, Kilt Ailt). Wakutali - mbewu zazikulu kwambiri, kutalika kwa masamba a masamba mpaka masentimita 70 (Arkady Raikin, Beverly Hills, Sultan).

Wopusa

Zomera zimagawika m'magulu: iridodictium, xyphium ndi juno. Mtundu wachiwiri ukuphatikiza ndi mitundu isanu ndi umodzi. Abalaza amawadutsa ndi kubereka mitundu yatsopano ya maluwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, English, Dutch, Spanish hybrid irises adapangidwa. Mitundu yodziwika bwino:

Mesh ya Iridodictium;
Irises Vinogradova;
Dunford;
Kolpakovsky;
Zosiyanasiyana;
Bukhara;
Zabwino;
Greberianovsky;
Amuna ometa ndevu.

Mzere wamtundu wa masamba ndi osiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera mitundu. Irises ndi burgundy, buluu, buluu, lilac, chikasu ndi matoni ena. Adzakongoletsa malowa m'malo osiyanasiyana mdzikolo, atha kuzika mizu malo aliwonse.

Kusiyana koyenera komanso kodzikongoletsa

Kubzala ndi kusamalira mpanda padera kumasiyana mitundu:

Parameti	Rhizome	Wopusa
Malo	Osalekerera kutentha kwambiri. Pansi pamatenthedwe, iwo amakula pamthunzi. Kutentha kambiri kumapangitsa kuti miyala ya pansi igwe. Zomera zokomera. Anabzala mtunda wa theka la mita wina ndi mnzake.	Mumakonda kutentha ndi dzuwa. Pokhapokha pokhazikitsa malo abwino okukula adzaphuka kwanthawi yayitali.
Dothi	Dziko lapansi silinatengedwe wandiweyani, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera peat kapena mchenga kwa icho. Ndi gawo lama acidic, iris amapatsa amadyera, koma satulutsa. Mizu yake imakonda kuvunda. Chifukwa chake, musanabzale, muyenera kuyala pansi ngalande.	Dothi lotayirira.
Kuthirira	Kukonda zamitundu mitundu. Kutsirira kumachitika nthawi zonse komanso mochuluka. Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Beard iris amafunika kuthirira kwamadzulo ambiri nthawi yamaluwa okha.	Zambiri. Ngati dambo lanyowa, kuchuluka kwothirira kumacheperako.
Feteleza	Amadyetsedwa sabata limodzi asanabzale. Kusakaniza kwa nayitrogeni ndikulimbikitsidwa. Simungathe mopambanitsa maluwa. Manyowa saloledwa.	Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayambitsidwa pakapangidwe ka inflorescences (pakati pa masamba owoneka ndi masamba). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mchere. Manyowa sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthawi	Ma Bud akuwonekera mu Meyi. Gwiritsani mpaka pakati pa Juni. Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala akhoza kuonekanso.	Maluwa amatenga miyezi ingapo: kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwa June. Kubzala kumachitika mu Seputembala kapena kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala.

Tikufika

Mitundu ya Rhizome imabzalidwa masika. Nthaka imasankhidwa mlengalenga, imapangidwa ndi zinthu zofunikira, zamafuta. Zinyezi zapadziko lapansi zimasankhidwa payekhapayekha (kutengera ma subspecies):

Beard igwera pamtsetse wokulira. Kutaya madzi abwino ndi kusungunuka kumafunikira.
Siberia ndi marsh zimakonda malo achinyezi komanso opanda phokoso. Mwachitsanzo, padziwe, dziwe, madzi osambira.

Nthaka imakumbidwa isanabzalidwe, kuthandizidwa ndimankhwala osavulaza tizilombo toopsa ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa udzu. Ndi acidity yowonjezereka ya nthaka, imasakanizidwa ndi phulusa, choko, ufa wodziwika.

Kubzala mitengo ya nthangala:

kukumba dzenje ndi knoll m'chigawo chapakati;
ndondomeko yapakati imayikidwa paphiri, mizu imagawidwa mbali;
Muzu waukulu wokutidwa ndi nthaka, mchenga umayikidwa pamwamba, chilichonse chimapindika pang'ono;
chizimba sichizama kwambiri, pafupi ndi nthaka;
impso yayikulu siyigona tulo.

Kubzala mitundu ya anyezi kumachitika chisanu ikasungunuka kapena nthawi yophukira chisanu chisanachitike. Kutentha kwa dothi sikotsika madigiri khumi kuposa ziro. Kupanda kutero, mababu amafa. Malangizo a sitepe ndi sitepe:

chopukutira chaching'ono, chomwe chimapangidwira pansi, chimakumbidwa, mababu amayikirako pamenepo masentimita atatu mpaka anayi;
kuya kwakutalika ndi masentimita 10-12;
nthaka yokumbayo imasakanizidwa ndi mchenga, ufa wa malasha, superphosphate iwiri;
ngalande zimakhala motetezedwa kuti tizilombo toononga ndi njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, madzi ndi chosangalatsa (monga, Kornevin);
mababu amayikidwa mu mizere yophukira kupita kumwamba, osati mozama, pamtunda wa masentimita 15 mpaka 20;
nthaka yokumbidwa kale ndi chosakanizika imathiridwa pamtunda, yoponderezedwa;
kutsirira kumachitika pambuyo masiku atatu kapena anayi.

Mitundu yokhala ndi mababu ang'onoang'ono sayenera kuyikidwa m'manda kwambiri. Kukwanira katatu katatu. Malonda amtunduwu sakulimbikitsa chinyontho.

Kuchepetsa ndi kusinthanitsa mitundu yaziphuphu

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikasendeza musanayambe maluwa, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mu Marichi-Epulo. Zomera zokhazokha komanso zathanzi zomwe ndizokhazikitsidwa zomwe zimatha kuzika mizu m'malo atsopano.

Irises amachotsedwa panthaka ndikugawidwa magawo, kuti aliyense wa iwo anali ndi masamba. Zonenepa zochulukirapo ndi mphukira zowonongeka zimadulidwa. Malo ovulalawo amathandizidwa ndi malasha ndi sulfure acid wochepa. Asanabzala, mizu yake imanyowa kwa kotala la ola limodzi mu yankho la potaziyamu permanganate yophera matenda.

Irises amaziika ngati matope osaya kapena maenje patali a 50-60 sentimita. Zimafunikira nthawi ndi nthawi. Popanda izo, maluwa akuipiraipira, masamba ndi ochepa. Ndi kukonza koyenera, mbewuyo imakula mwachangu, motero muyenera kuisinthira mchaka chachinayi kapena chachisanu.

Pambuyo maluwa, zonse zimayambira phukusi zimakonzedwa. M'mwezi watha wa chilimwe, 1/3 ya kutalika kwa masamba amachotsedwa.

Zosungidwa za babu

Kwa dzinja, ma irises amayenera kukumbidwa kuti asazizire. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malamulo onse ndi zofunika kuti zisungidwe kuti mababu asayambe kuvunda.

Tchire amakimbidwa masabata angapo pambuyo maluwa (pamene iwoayamba kufota ndi kutembenukira chikasu). Ngati malo obzala irises ndi otentha komanso owuma, atha kukhala pansi nthawi yonseyo. Zosungidwa zamitundu yonse ndizofanana.

Mababu okimbidwa samatulutsa majakisoni mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena pazogulidwa (Maxim Dachnik, Fundazol). Pambuyo pake, amawuma kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Kutentha kumatengera mitundu:

xyphiums - + 30-35 madigiri;
iridodictiums ndi juno - + 20-25 madigiri.

M'masiku omaliza auma, matenthedwe amafika mpaka + 15-18. Iris amasungidwa m'chipinda chowuma, chozizira, chowongolera (mpweya wabwino ungasinthidwe ndi mawindo otseguka, mawindo).

Mababu sayenera kuyikidwa m'matumba a pulasitiki kapena mu nsalu.

Zambiri Zofalitsa

Irises mtundu:

phokoso;
njira;
mbewu.

Njira yotsiriza ndiyitali komanso yovuta. Mwachitsanzo, mukaswana ndi rhizome, maluwa adzawonekera chaka chamawa, ndipo akadzakulitsidwa ndi mbewu, patatha zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Ndi mganda wogawa, iris iyenera kutulutsa kamodzi. Zitatha izi, njira zobzala zimasiyanitsidwa ndi chomera. Mizu iyenera kuchitika kuyambira pa Marichi mpaka Epulo m'malo otetezedwa ndi kutentha.

Ngati, komabe, pomwe anaganiza kuti abzale mitengo ya irises, izi zimachitika motere:

kugwa, kubzala zinthu pobzala mumtsuko ndi dothi lamchenga;
mphika wokutidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki kapena galasi;
pogona kumatsukidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, kuvomerezedwa kumachotsedwa;
Pofika chakumapeto, mbewuzo zikamera, zimayenera kunyulidwa ndi kubzala panthaka.

Miyezi yabwino kwambiri yofika kumtunda ndi Mwezi ndi Epulo. Mbande imalimba ndikuzuzika bwino.

Matenda

Iris amakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana mosamala. Ndi zopanda pake, matenda oyamba ndi fungal ndi ma virus amawonekera:

Matendawa	Kufotokozera	Njira zolimbana
Mose	Nsabwe za m'masamba amakwiya. Mikwingwirima yaumboni imawoneka pamtunda wobiriwira, ndikuwona kukula kwake kosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe achikasu. Magawo a masamba omwe amakhala "otupa", otimbidwa. Pathology ikufalikira mwachangu.	Matendawa ndi opatsirana mwachilengedwe, njira zothanirana ndi matendawa kulibe. Popewa kuchitika, kupewa ndikofunikira: kusunga malamulo onse kuthirira, manyowa chomera. Mu shopu tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigule zokonzekera kuchokera ku tizirombo touluka ndikusintha maluwa nawo: Actellik, Confidor. Ngati iris idakhudza matendawa, ndiye kuti masamba omwe ali ndi kachilombo amayenera kuwonongedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Bakiteriya zowola	Mawonekedwe a bulauni pamtunda wobiriwira. Matendawa amapezeka mchaka itatha nthawi yachisanu. Zimakwiyitsidwa ndi kuzizira kwa ma rhizomes, chinyezi cholimba cha nthaka, kubzala pafupi, komanso kusowa kwa calcium ndi phosphorous mu gawo lapansi.	Masamba omwe akhudzidwa ayenera kudulidwa, malo ovulalawo akuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Ngati matendawa akhudza mbewuyo kwambiri, ndiye kuti iyenera kuwonongedwa, dothi liyenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toononga tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito ma antibacterial agents (Maxim, Fitolavin).
Gray zowola	Zimakhudza masamba kapena mizu. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka chifukwa cha chinyezi pansi. Chifukwa chake, iris imasowa madzi abwino (kupatula mitundu ya marsh). Cholinga chake ndikuchepa kwa michere m'nthaka.	Mankhwalawa amachitidwa ndi fungicides (Trichophytum, PhytoDoctor, Fitosporin, Mikosan). Ndi vuto lakunyalanyaza, ma irises amawonongeka.

Tizilombo

Maluwa amtundu uliwonse ndi osiyanasiyana amatsutsidwa ndi tizilombo zotsatirazi:

Tizilombo	Kufotokozera	Njira zolimbana
Scoops	Gulugufe wa usiku. Amadya kumayambira kwa tsinde la utoto. Mtengowo umakhala wodwala, wachikasu wodwala, pang'onopang'ono umafa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatsutsa ndikuchitika kwa bacteriosis. Mutha kuzindikira ndi maliseche.	Chithandizo cha Karbofos, Decis, Arrivo. Amapangidwa nthawi yamadzulo.
Msungwana wamaluwa a Iris	Kunja kumafanana ndi ntchentche wamba. Zimakhala ndi masamba osatsimikizika. Duwa limayamba kuvunda.	Kukonzedwa ndi Actellic, Actara.
Zopatsa	Zochepa kukula koma zowopsa. Tizilombo timayamba kugunda masamba, pambuyo pake amasuntha maluwa. Masamba akuvulala ndipo satseguka.	Mutha kuthana ndi tizilombo pochiza ndi sopo wanyumba ndi karbofos, mankhwala oopsa Actellik, Aktara.
Medvedka	Tizilombo wamba. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kum'mwera kwa dzikolo. zimakhudza mpweya ndi babu, kenako mbewuyo ikafa.	Kuti chimbalangondo chisakhudze iris, mazira othira mumafuta a mpendadzuwa amawonjezera m'nthaka. Zosungiramo tizilombo zimayenda munthaka, yankho ndikumatsuka ufa limatsanulidwamo. Marigolds adabzala thandizo pafupi ndi tizirombo.
Slug	Khazikikani m'malo obiriwira. Khalani oteteza bakiteriya kuzola.	Sungani tizilombo ndi manja anu. Nthaka amathandizidwa ndi superphosphate. Bingu, Meta, Metaldehyde, kukonzekera kwa Ulicide kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga njira yothanirana mozungulira iris, ndikofunikira kuchotsa udzu munthawi yake.