Mipanda ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonzedwa kwa malo okhala patawuni. Chitetezo chimagwira osati chitetezo chokhacho ku maonekedwe achinyengo komanso "alendo" osadziwika. Ndiwo omaliza pa kukhulupirika kwa zomangamanga. Makoma okongola, okongola komanso odalirika, pokhala "nkhope" pamalopo, adapangidwa kuti azisamalira zokongola zake. Mukakonza mpanda uliwonse, chisamaliro chapadera nthawi zonse chimalipira posankha ndi kuyika zinthu monga mitengo yothandizira. Zopanga zoyenera kuzichita nokha zimakulitsa mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ndikuwakwaniritsa pakupanga ndi kalembedwe.
Kusankhidwa kwa zida za kapangidwe ka mitengo
Kusankha zofunikira pazothandizira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pa chifukwa chakuti ayenera kupirira katundu wopangidwa ndi zigawo za mpanda, kugwedezeka kwamakina ndi katundu wamphamvu wamphamvu. Pomanga matawuni, kumanga mipanda nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, matabwa, konkriti kapena njerwa.
Zitsulo zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse, chifukwa ndizoyenera kupanga zomangira zopangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena mauna, mipanda yamatabwa, zigawo za pulasitiki ndi bolodi yokhala ndi matumba.
Zomanga zachitsulo zimapangidwa ndi mapaipi opanda kanthu ndipo amadziwika ndi mphamvu, kukhazikika komanso kulimba
Mtengo wabwino ndi wokwera mtengo. Koma, mwatsoka, ngakhale mitundu yamitengo yapamwamba simakhala yolimba poyera. Poyerekeza ndi mizati yazitsulo, yomwe moyo wawo wautumiki ndi pafupifupi theka la zaka, zomangira zamatabwa, ngakhale ndi chithandizo choyenera, sizitha zaka makumi awiri kapena zitatu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabatani otsika, minda yakutsogolo ndi mipanda yazifupi.
Mitengo yamatanda - imodzi mwanjira zosavuta pokonzekera mpanda, koma kutali ndi zotsika mtengo. Mipanda yamatabwa nthawi zonse imakhala yosangalatsa komanso yapamwamba
Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa mitengo yopangira simenti ndi njerwa kokha ndi mipanda yolemera. Komabe, nthawi zina anthu amakhazikitsa zipilala za njerwa monga zokongoletsera. Pankhaniyi, amakhala ngati "khadi yoyitanitsa" yabwino kwambiri pamalo olemera.
Mitengo ya konkriti ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yapamwamba kwambiri. Iwo, monga mitengo yothandizira zitsulo, amakhala olimba komanso olimba.
Zipilala za njerwa ndi imodzi mwazosankha zokwera mtengo kwambiri pakupanga mpanda. Chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri yamakono yomaliza, mipiringidzo ya njerwa ndiwowoneka bwino
Kuyika chikwangwani
Mukamaganiza zomanga mpanda, ndikofunikira kufotokoza komwe zili pamalowo ndikuwerengera zipilizo zamtsogolo. Kuwerengera moyenera kumalepheretsa kuwongolera kwa envelopu yomanga panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Pafupifupi, mtunda pakati pa nsanamira sapitilira 2,5-3 metres
Chiwerengero chofunikira cha mzati chimawerengedwa kutengera kutalika kwa dongosolo lonse lophimbidwa komanso kukula kwa zigawo za mpanda.
Zosankha zamakono pakukhazikitsa nsanamira
Njira yokhazikitsa mizati ya mpanda imatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe a mpanda ndi mtundu wa dothi.
Njira yodziwikiratu - yozindikira
Kukhazikitsa kwa nsanamira pazenera kuli koyenera bwino kukhazikitsa zitsulo, konkriti wolimbitsa ndi zomangira zamatabwa pamtunda wosasunthika. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kukumba dzenje pansi pa chithandizo, kukhazikitsa mzere womwewo ndikudzaza malo otsala ndi konkire.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola kumathandizira kwambiri pakukula kukumba mabowo ndi kukumba
Mutha kuonjezera mphamvu pakuboola mothandizidwa ndi madzi, omwe amathiridwa m dzenje ndikuyembekezera mphindi 10-15 kuti nthaka yomwe ili momwemo ikhale yofewa komanso yosavuta.
Kukhazikitsa mitengo mpaka mita imodzi ndi theka kukwera, ndikokwanira kukumba bowo lakuya kwa 0.5 m, ndikuyika makhoma othandizira okwera - 0,8 m. Pafupifupi, positi amaikidwa 1/3 ya kutalika kwake.
Mutaganizira kukumba zipilala zothandizira mpanda pazinthu zopanda nthaka, mutha kuthana ndi konkriti
Malangizo. Ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola, m'mimba mwake komwe masamba ake amagwirizana ndi m'mimba mwake. Izi zimathandiza kupewa "kufwamphuka" m'dera la chimbudzi: nsanamira zikulowa pansi mwamphamvu ndipo sizikufuna kulumikizidwa kowonjezera. Koma njira yotere imafunika ukadaulo wowongoka wokhazikika.
Koma momwe mungakhalire nsanamira za mpanda pa dothi "zovuta" ndi madzi okwanira pansi? Zowonadi, muzochitika zoterezi ndikofunikira kukulitsa mawonekedwe othandizira omwe ali pansi pa nthaka yozizira, ndipo izi ndizovuta komanso zotsika mtengo pamakonzedwe a konkriti yachikhalidwe. Zikatero, musanakhazikitse zogwirizira, pansi pa dzenje mumakhala chimbudzi cha rubble 15-20 cm.
Mizati imamizidwa mu bowo ndikuwunjikana mokhazikika ndi zomangira kapena ma plumb. Pambuyo pake, malo opanda kanthu kuzungulira kuzungulira kwazipilala kumadzazidwa ndi chosanjikiza
Mwala wosemphana ndi mwala "wopunthidwa" nthawi imodzimodziyo umakhala ngati madzi akuluzidwe ndipo umafewetsa mphamvu za chisanu. Wosemphana ndi mwala wosweka suyenera kufika pamlingo ndi 12-15 cm: danga lotsalalo la dzenje limapangidwa ndi matope atsopano.
Kulumikizana kwa mizati yothandizira pazitsulo
Kuyendetsa galimoto ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo zotsika mtengo zopangira zida zachitsulo.
Njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino pomanga mipanda pamiyala yamiyala yotsika, yomwe imaphatikizapo miyala yosanjikiza
Mutha kunyamula nsanamira zazing'ono ndi theka kuti mugwiritse ntchito mpanda wolimba. Pakukhazikitsa zothandizira ma mita atatu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "mutu" - chipangizo chosanja makola, mapaipi kapena mitengo yonyamula pansi.
Kamangidwe kake ndi gawo lamapaipi lalitali mita, imodzi yam malekezero ake omwe amawilikiza mwamphamvu ndi kulemera mpaka 15-20 kg. Mukakwera mutu, chiwongolero cha kapangidwe kameneka chili pa chitoliro, chomwe chimalimbikitsa kuwonjezera kukantha, popeza ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa pamphepete mwa chinthucho.
Mukamayendetsa nsanamira pogwiritsa ntchito zonyamulira, zovuta zimatha kubuka mukweza nyumbayo. Mutha kuwongolera ntchitoyi mwa kupukutira mautali ambiri kwa iyo, yomwe, popeza ndi yolumikizidwa, imakonzedwanso pamalo abwino.
Kupanga konkriti ya mpanda wa njerwa
Pachikhalidwe, zipilala zotere zimakhazikitsidwa pamunsi pa konkriti kapena pamunsi. Mzere wa chingwe ndi chingwe cholimba chopitilira konkire chakuya kwa 500-800 mm, m'lifupi mwake ndi 100mm kuposa kupingasa kwa mpanda.
Popeza zipilala za njerwa ndi zolemera zokwanira kuyika zipilala za njerwa, mpofunika kupanga maziko osaya
Kuti timange maziko oterowo, ndikofunikira kukumba ngalande. Mapaipi amaponyedwa pansi pa ngalande, yomwe pambuyo pake imakhala maziko a mizati yanjerwa.
Msewuwo umakutidwa ndi mchenga 300m, miyala, miyala yophwanyika ndikuyenda bwino
Pulogalamuyo imayikidwa mozungulira poyandikira ngalandeyo kuti isawonongeke ndi chinyontho cha matope a konkire komanso kuti madzi asamavute.
Msonkhano wamtunduwu ukuwonetsedwa bwino mu kanemayo:
Pambuyo pokonzekera mawonekedwewo, amayamba kuluka khola lolimbitsa ndikudzaza ngalawo ndi matope a simenti. Konkriti imawuma masiku 5, koma mpanda ukhoza kuyamba kumangidwapo masiku angapo pambuyo pokhazikitsa maziko.
Kukhazikitsa kwa zipilala - zomata
Kugwiritsa ntchito milu kumachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa ntchito yomanga. Mtengo wa maziko oyandika ndi dongosolo la kukula kotsika poyerekeza ndi tchala kapena tchati.
Zaka zaposachedwa, pomanga mipanda ya mpanda, milu ya screw nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko odalirika.
Mafayilo amaikidwa mosavuta pamanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina ang'onoang'ono. Iwo, monga "zomangira", amakwiririka pansi, ndikupanga gawo lakunja ndikamazika, ndikupanga maziko odalirika omanga zomanga.
