Irises - maluwa okongola ndi dzina "lokoma". Chomera - nthumwi ya Kasatikov, yomwe idalandira dzina lotchuka "kasatiki". Kaŵirikaŵiri mumkhalidwe wa chilengedwe, zomera zimapezeka ku Ulaya, Asia, North Africa, komanso kumpoto kwa America. M'deralo kumakula mitundu yoposa 250.
Irises - ndiwo mbewu yomwe idzakupangitse munda wanu ukuphuka pakati pa maluwa oyambirira masika ndi chilimwe maluwa.
Mizu ya iris - filiform. Masamba pammera umodzi akhoza kukhala awiri ndi amodzi; iwo ali ndi chaka. Pa masamba ophwanyika, owoneka ngati lupanga pali patina pang'ono. Masamba ali pafupi ndi peduncle ngati mawonekedwe, koma pa tsinde la masamba pafupifupi palibe.
Maluwa a iris amakhala amodzi osakwatiwa amaluwa 6, kapena amasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences. Iris maluwa akhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyana kwambiri.
Ndipo momwe mungalimbire chozizwitsa ichi pa tsamba lanu, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Mbali za kubzala irises masika
Iris ndi chomera chomwe chimatha nyengo yozizira, koma iris imafalitsa nthawi zambiri kumapeto. Ngati mwasankha kukongoletsa munda wanu ndi maluwa awa, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungameretse irises m'chaka.
Mukudziwa? Pakati pa akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa pali gulu lalikulu, mabotolo amagawana irises kukhala bearded kapena sanali bearded. Iris Bearded ali ndi subspecies zambiri, koma alimi wamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zonse iard bearded ali ndi kukula kosiyana.
Pofuna kubzala irises, mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zomwe munagula nokha kapena kugula m'sitolo: Pazochitika zonsezi, muyenera kuthana ndi mizu ya chomera ndi "Ecogel" kapena "Zircon". Izi zidzathandiza kuti kumayambiriro kumera kwa mizu.
Musanadzalemo chomera, m'pofunika kuyesa mizu, kuchotsa odwala kapena oonongeka, komanso kudula mizu yaitali. Pambuyo kudulira, mizu iyenera kumizidwa muyeso yeniyeni ya potaziyamu permanganate (mdima wofiira) ndi kusungidwa mmenemo kwa mphindi 20.
Nthaka sayenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri, loamy, ndi mkulu wa acidity. Madzi a mphukira - pafupi ndi rhizome. Kupitako kumakhala kosavuta. Thirani mchenga m'mabowo osayalala m'phiri, mosamala mosamala kuti ikhale ndi malo otetezeka pamchenga ndi kuwaza pamwamba ndi nthaka, koma kuti mbali yamtunda ikhale pamwamba pa nthaka.
Kuchokera pamwamba pa chomera ayenera kumwa madzi ambiri. Sikofunika kuti muzitha kuzungulira nthaka yozungulira maluwa. Mtunda wa pakati pa maluwa uyenera kukhala osachepera 50 cm Ngati nyengo kunja ili yotentha, chitsamba chiyenera kugwedezeka. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika tsiku la 5 mutabzala.
Mbali za kubzala irises m'dzinja
Florists ankatsatirana wina ndi mzake ngati n'zotheka kudzala irises mu kugwa pansi. Odziŵa bwino amalima a maluwa akunena kuti n'zotheka, koma pali zovuta pobzala.
Mukudziwa?Mitengo ikuluikulu ikabzala pambuyo pa maluwa, zimakhala zowonjezereka kuti mbewuyo idzakula ndikukula mpaka kukula.
Kukonzekera chomera chodzala mu kugwa ndikofanana ndi kukonzekera kubzala kwa kasupe.
Mizu iyenera kugawidwa mu maulumikizi a pachaka, kuchotsa mosamala kwambiri motalika kwambiri, yovunda ndi yodwala, kenako kuchepetsa mizu kukhala yankho la pinki yodzaza ndi potassium permanganate. Siyani kwa mphindi 15-20.
Kenaka mizu iyenera kuuma padzuwa kwa maola 4-5. Chomeracho chimatsikira mu dzenje ndi mchenga, chodzaza ndi nthaka ndi kuthirira. Ndikofunikira kuti tipeze mtunda wa pakati pa mbeu: kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 50 cm, malingana ndi kalasi yosankhidwa.
Pamaso pa chiyambi cha kuzizira nyengo, achinyamata amafunika kuphimbidwa ndi spruce masamba, utuchi, kapena pogona zopangidwa ndi zipangizo: matabwa, mapulumukiro anamva, mafilimu.
Kuphatikiza kwa irises mu bedi bedi ndi zomera zina
Irises akudabwa ndi kukongola kwawo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya violet, lilac, lavender, fuchsia. Poganizira kuti mizu ya iris ndi yopanda malire ndipo ili pafupi kwambiri ndi dziko lapansi, ndi bwino kusankha zomera zomwe "zimakhala" mkati mwa maluwa amenewa.
Iris amawoneka bwino m'mapangidwe a nyimbo ndi mapepala, mu "kampani" ndi marigolds, chives, peonies, spikes, tulips.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi ya maluwa a iris amalola maluwawa kugwiritsidwa ntchito popangidwa m'madzi ndi m'madzi, komanso chikondi cha maluwa kwa dothi lonyowa chimathandizanso izi.
Irises amawoneka okongola kwambiri kuphatikizapo zomera zochepa zomwe zikukula, zomwe zimakhala bwino. Kuti muchite izi, ndi bwino kusankha mtundu wa irises wa mtundu umodzi Kupitako kwabwinoko kumakhala malo okhala ndi miyala kapena mapangidwe apangidwa ndi makina akuluakulu omwe angayidwe pa maluwa. 
Pa flowerbed, mukhoza kuyika chomeracho ndi undersized coniferous baka ndi mitengo. Ngati mukufuna kupanga zosiyanasiyana, mukhoza kuwonjezera Dunford iridicodums kwa iwo - chomerachi chikuwoneka chimodzimodzi ndi iris ndipo chimayimira mitundu yofanana. Maluwa awiriwa amatsindika kwambiri kukongola kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Zomwe zimasamalira irises nthawi ya budding ndi maluwa
Kukula irises kunja kumaphatikizapo kusunga malamulo ena muwasamalire. Irises - Mitengo yowonongeka, imangofuna malo ofunda, owoneka bwino, nthaka yonyowa komanso kudya nthawi yake.
Iris ndi maluwa omwe amalekerera chilala, koma nthawi ya maluwa ndi budding ndi bwino kuti asalole nthaka kuti iume. Kuti muchite izi, sungani maluwa mwamsanga, mutangoyang'ana "dothi" louma lachitsamba. M'pofunikanso kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi.
Ndikofunikira! Muchisamaliro cha irises, nkofunika kuteteza kuchepa kwa madzi, chifukwa mizu ya mbewu ikhoza kuvunda.Kwa iris, nkofunikira kuthetseratu masamba omwe anawonongeka ndi mphukira nthawi ndi nthawi, chifukwa ndi malo ozala matenda ndi majeremusi a maluwa. Kudyetsa kulimbikitsidwa kuti kuchitidwe mu magawo atatu:
- chakudya choyamba chiyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, chisanu chitatha;
- Kudyetsa kachiwiri kumachitika pachimake cha budding;
- nthawi yachitatu chomera chikudyetsedwa patatha masabata atatu mutapita maluwa.
Feteleza ayenera kuyeza: imodzi maluwa - zosapitirira 15 g. Ngati mutasankha kusamera zomera, khalani okonzekera kuti pambuyo pa zaka 3-4 za kukula pamalo amodzi irises ayamba kutaya mitundu yawo yambiri ndikufa.
Ngati iris ikukula pamalo omwe mphepo yamkuntho ikuwomba, iyenera kutetezedwa kwa iwo pomanga nyumba, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku filimu.
Kuvulaza irises ndi namsongole, kotero muyenera kuwachotsa.
Kusamalira irises pambuyo maluwa
Pambuyo maluwa, pakati-kumapeto kwa August (malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana), irises imafika gawo lachiwiri la nyengo yokula ndikukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Pa nthawiyi, nkofunika kuti musamatsitsirenso chomeracho, chifukwa chimafuna mphamvu zochepa kusiyana ndi maluwa.
Komanso, ambiri amasangalatsidwa ndi: kaya adule irises pambuyo maluwa. Yankho ndilo: mukulifuna. Momwemonso flowerbed yako idzawoneka bwino, kupatula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya ngati kukhala ndi masamba osweka. Ndikofunika kuchotsa osati maluwa okha, komanso masamba omwe awonongeka.
Kwa irises, nkofunika kumasula nthaka mutatha maluwa, koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa. Zakudya zowonjezera ndizofunikira (nayitrogeni-potaziyamu-magnesium + pofufuza zinthu), zomwe zidzathandiza "mphamvu ya zomera."
Mukudziwa? Pankhani ya irises, organic feteleza si njira yabwino, popeza ali ndi chinyezi msinkhu. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa ndi kompositi.
Pambuyo maluwa achinyamata zomera bwino chivundikiro kwa dzinja masamba.
Kusunga rhizomes iris
Kaŵirikaŵiri pa maulendo akufunsa: kodi nkofunika kukumba irises m'nyengo yozizira? Izi siziri zofunikira, koma ngati mwakumba kale, ndiye tidzakuuzani momwe mungasungire bwino mizu yachangu. Ngati mukufuna kusunga zinthu zanu zotetezeka ndi zomveka, ndiye bwino kuti muzisungunula, chotsani mizu yochepa komanso yayitali ndikuiyala pansi. Komabe, iris ikhoza kupulumutsidwa ngati muzu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti iris ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi, n'zosatheka kuchisunga "chokulunga" mu polyethylene! Muzuwo udzavunda ndipo sikudzakhala woyenera kubzala.
Kukonzekera kwa rhizomes wa irises yosungirako lili ndi zingapo zosavuta:
- kuyeretsa (ndikofunikira kuyeretsa mizu kuchokera pansi)
- kudulira (kutulutsa madera onse odwala, kuchotsa mizu yaitali ndi yoonda)
- disinfection (mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la potaziyamu permanganate)
- kuyanika (muzu sayenera kunyamula panthawi yamvula)
- phukusi (kuti musankhe choyenera cholembapo)
Modzipatula mutengapo chilichonse cha delenka (ngakhale chaching'ono kwambiri) chiyenera kukulunga mu nsalu ya chilengedwe kapena pepala, kuikidwa mu bokosi, koma osati pafupi kwambiri. Kusungirako koteroko kukupatsani inu masika kuti musaganize za komwe mungapeze zakuthupi zabwino ndi zapamwamba.
Kusamba ndi kuberekana kwa irises
Kuwombera irises kumalo ena ndikumakangana pakati pa wamaluwa. Ena amanena kuti n'zosatheka kubwezeretsa chaka chonse, pamene ena amanena kuti ndi bwino kubzala kumayambiriro kwa masika kapena m'mawa. Akatswiri ambiri amatsata mfundo yachiwiri. Ndiye mu kasupe zomera zidzaphuka.
Kuika Iris - Njirayi ndi yovuta, koma yosangalatsa. Mchitidwe wogwiritsira ntchito kuika irises ndi motere:
- Dulani mosamala chitsamba ndikuchiyeretsa pansi. Ngati chitsamba chimakhala chodzaza ndi nthaka, mukhoza kuchiyeretsa ndi madzi popanda kuwononga mizu.
- Mzuwu ndi chitsamba chonse chiyenera kufufuzidwa kuti zitha kuwonongeka kapena matenda.
- Nthendayi imadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa kwambiri, koma kuti magawo onse ali ndi nsana ndi masamba ambiri.
- Mizu iyenera kudulidwa ndi lumo lakuthwa pang'onopang'ono ndi kuyika zowonjezera muzitsulo zowonjezera potassium permanganate.
- Zigawo pazomera zimayenera kukhala phulusa ndi sulfure zosakaniza ndi makala opangidwa.
- Dya zinthu zakutchire, nthawi zina kuzigwedeza.
- Chomera chimabwera mu zitsime zokolola pamtunda wa masentimita 40-50 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.
Nthaka mu dzenje iyenera kukhala yokhala ndi feteleza komanso yosungunuka. Pambuyo pakugulitsa pansi kuzungulira chitsamba sikofunika kuti tinyamule, koma madzi pang'ono - makamaka.
Iris amafalitsidwa zomera, ndikugawanitsa kachilombo ka chitsamba kukhala zidutswa zing'onozing'ono. Pamene kudula, mpeni iyenera kukhala yotetezedwa nthawi zonse ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Pogwiritsa ntchito magulu oyenda pansi, ndi bwino kusankha magawo okhala ndi mayunitsi angapo apachaka pamodzi.
Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito zomera zachinyamata, komanso irises yakale. Gawo lililonse liyenera kupatsidwa potassium permanganate, mukhoza kuphwanya malasha ndikupukuta malo odulidwa nawo. Zomwe zimabzalidwa mchenga (ndithudi zouma) 2-3 masentimita.
Ndi bwino kudzala iris nthawi yomweyo itatha, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi ndi yabwino yopititsa mizu - idzazuka mofulumira.
Irises ikhoza kufalikira ndi njira ya mbewu, koma njirayi imasankhidwa ndi omwe akufuna kukula "watsopano" wa zomera, popeza mbeuyo idzaphuka pokhapokha patapita zaka ziwiri, choncho amaluwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya vegetative.
Irises - maluwa okongola kwambiri komanso odzichepetsa pamene akudzala ndi kusamalira iwo kuthengo. Irises adzakhala chokongoletsera cha bwalo lirilonse ndi chimwemwe chenicheni kwa omverawo. Zokwanira, monga mwa cholengedwa chilichonse chamoyo, kuyesa ndalama mmenemo.
