Ixia: chithunzi, pamtunda ndi chisamaliro

Ixia ndi nzanga wobiriwira waku South Africa, wophatikiza mitundu 60. Dzinalo, lomwe limamasulira kuchokera ku Chi Greek kuti "guluu wam mbalame," ndi chifukwa cha kumata kwa msuziwo, womwe umatha kutsata tizilombo komanso mbalame zazing'ono. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akunja, duwa lakhala lodzala ngati duwa lokongoletsa kuyambira m'ma 1800. Pakadali pano, oimira ambiri a ixia ndi osakanizidwa, pomwe mitundu ndi yosowa kwambiri.

Kufotokozera kwamaluwa a Ixia

Wosatha wa banja la Iris amatha kutalika kwa 0,6 m. Ma inflorescences ofanana ndi ma spikelets omwe ali mkati mwake amapangidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amatulutsa fungo labwino. Pa tsinde loonda labulidi masamba obiriwira amakula.

Mtundu umodzi uli ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi belu, koma umakhala ndi mitundu 6. Corm imayimiridwa ndi phale lautali wa mithunzi. Inflorescence imodzi imatha kuphatikiza mitundu yachikaso, yoyera ndi yofiyira.

Ixia imayamba kuphuka pakati pa chilimwe, ndipo imatha kokha mwezi umodzi. Mutha kuwona chomera chikutseguka kokha nyengo yotentha, chifukwa nyengo yamvula, komanso usiku, imatseka.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya ixia

Kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana pamalopo kumapereka kusiyana ndi kowala m'munda uliwonse, koma mutha kudzipatula pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi.

Zosangalatsa

Amayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha machitidwe ake okongoletsera, makamaka chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake apadera a arched. Tsinde limakula mpaka 0,7 m kutalika, ndipo pamwamba pake limakongoletsedwa ndi maluwa onunkhira - malo omwe amakonda kwambiri agulugufe m'chilimwe.

Greenwareer

Maonekedwe osatha ndiwowoneka bwino chifukwa cha maluwa ake - ali ang'ono, osalala, mawonekedwe ake ngati nyenyezi. Pharynx, yomwe imayimiriridwa ndi mithunzi yakuda, imawonekera motsutsana ndi mitundu yonse yobiriwira komanso yamtambo.

Zophatikiza

Kukula kwa tsinde kumasiyana kwambiri kutengera mitundu.

Makina amtundu wa inflorescence amaphimba mithunzi yambiri - buluu, chikaso ndi kufiyira.

Spotted (Maculata)

Mitundu yomwe idalandira kugawa kwakukulu imakula mpaka 0.5 m kutalika. Pharynx yake imasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ya pamakhala. Duwa limatha kutseka kwamadzulo. Spike inflorescence imatha kufikira gawo la 0.4 cm.

Mantha

Pharynx ndi ma petals amaimiridwa ndi ma toni modekha amitundu yambiri.

Malalanje

Mitundu yamadyedwe (osaposa 20 cm). Chikhalidwe chosanyalanyaza chimatha kukhazikika bwinobwino, ngakhale mutachinyalanyaza, mutagwa mvula nthawi zonse. Mitundu yofalikira mwachangu imatha kuthamangitsa mbewu monga chimanga. Pazokongoletsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa phiri la alpine. Pharynx wamtundu wakuda amasiyanitsidwa ndi miyala ya lalanje.

Monadelph

Ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa masamba a cirrus, omwe amafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Ma inflorescence amapangidwa kuchokera kumaluwa ofiirira a 10-15. Pachikasu chachikasu chimapangidwa ndi miyala yayikulu ya mithunzi yowala. Maluwa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera, pomwe safunanso chisamaliro chapadera. Pali inflorescence a pinki, ofiira ndi mitundu ina yambiri.

Sakanizani

Mulinso mitundu yosiyanitsa mitundu pakati pa mitundu ina yonse. Kutulutsa maluwa mwachangu kumachitika mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri kumatha patatha milungu itatu. Muli ndi mitundu yambiri ya ixia samakula kuposa 0,5 m kutalika.

Kubzala Ixia poyera

Kufunika kwa kulima kwa ixia ndi malo oyenera ndi chonde pamalowo, popeza mbewuyo sinabzala mosasamala ndipo chisamaliro sichingadzetse zovuta kwa mwini wake.

Malo

Ndikofunikira kupatsa mbewuyo malo otseguka komanso owoneka bwino, otetezedwa ku mphepo komanso ma dices, omwe amatha kuthyola kapena kupindika tsinde mu mitundu yayitali. Mthunzi kapena gawo linalake silabwino kwa ixia, apo ayi, osati mawonekedwe ake okha, komanso kukula kwake koyambirira kungasokonezedwe.

The dothi zikuchokera, feteleza

Zofunikira:

• Chonde;
• Kukhalapo kwa ngalande (zitha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njerwa zosweka, dongo lokulitsa kapena mwala wosweka).

Madzulo a kubzala, kuvala pamwamba kumalimbikitsidwa, momwe manyowa owola ndi abwino. Dothi laudzu liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi mchenga wamadzi pamtengo wa chidebe 1 pa 1 m2. Ndikofunika kuti fetelezayu akhale ndi superphosphate, magnesium ndi phulusa la nkhuni motengera 2: 1: 10.

Corms kubzala nthawi

M'madera otentha ndizovomerezeka kubzala ixia kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira, komabe, kuti ikamateranso imafunikira njira zowonjezera kutentha, mwachitsanzo, pakuwonjezera kuya kwa dzenje ndi masentimita angapo. M'madera ena, ndibwino kubzala kumapeto kwa masika.

Njira zokulitsira

Madzulo a kubzala tubers, mwachitsanzo, masabata awiri 2-3 asanayikidwe pamalo otseguka, ndikofunikira kuyambitsa njira za "kudzuka" ndi kumera. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya njirayi ndi kumapeto kwa masika, chifukwa cha kutentha kwa ixia (kutentha kwa mpweya sikuyenera kugwa pansi pa +8 ° C).

Wokhwima kale machubu ayenera kukhala-musanakhazikitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - akuwukha mu njira yofooka ya manganese. Kutalika kwa njirayi sikuyenera kupitirira mphindi 20, ndipo pambuyo pake, zinthuzo ziyenera kutsukidwa. Kuwukha ndi njira yolepheretsa yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda a fungus. Kenako mutha kuyamba kuchita kumera, komwe kumachitika motere:

1. Ndikofunikira kukonza chidebe chokulirapo chopangidwa ndi matabwa ndikudzaza ndi mchenga kapena utuchi. Makulidwe oyenera - 10 cm;
2. Moyenerera mkati mwa tubers oyanjana;
3. Valani chidebe ndi polyethylene;
4. Siyani pawindo pazotentha;
5. Chidebecho chizikhala ndi mpweya wabwino chifukwa chopukutira chimakhazikika pa chivindikiro. Osachedwa njirayi kwa mphindi zoposa 10.

Pakadutsa masiku pafupifupi 15, mphukira zizikhala zitayamba kale. Mababu onse osaphukira ayenera kuchotsedwa, ena onse azibzalidwe panthaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yamasika.

Kubala kumatengera njira zingapo zosavuta:

1. Kukumba mabowo masentimita 7 mwakuya, mukukumbukira kuti mtunda wofunikira pakati pa maenje ndi 10-20 cm;
2. Kukhazikitsidwa mu dzenje tubers;
3. Kuwaza ndi mulch pang'ono.

M'pofunika kukana kunyowetsa ixia mutabzala, mudzafunika pokhapokha masiku 15-20. Chizindikiro cha kuthirira chidzakhala mawonekedwe a mphukira yaying'ono.

Ixia kuswana

Zimapangidwa ndikudula ma corms ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Gawo lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi peephole ndi pansi ndi primordia. Musanabzale, ndikofunikira kukonza mabala. Kuti muchite izi, phulusa kapena malasha ophwanyika ndiloyenera. Nyengo yomweyo, mbewu zidzakhala ndi maluwa.

Kufalikira pochulukitsa mwana wamkazi wam'mimba kukugwiritsanso ntchito, koma maluwa ake amayenera kudikirira zaka 2-3. M'chilimwe, chomera chachikulu chimakhala ndi mababu ang'onoang'ono, omwe pakati pawo abwino kwambiri amasankhidwa.

Kenako muyenera kuchotsa mwana wamkazi tubers kuti asungidwe chipinda chozizira. Kuti mukhale ndi chitonthozo chachikulu, muyenera kuwaza mababu ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Ndi chiyambi chakumapeto, ndikutheka kubzala tubers poyera, ndipo ndikayamba yophukira, ikhoza kuchotsedwanso kuti isungidwe. Pakatha zaka ziwiri, mbewuyo imatha kuphuka.

Kufalitsa mbewu

Ubwino wa kufalitsa mbewu ndikutha kusunga mitundu yachilendo komanso mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zambiri kuti ziberekedwe. Kulima kotereku ndikachiwiri kwa enawo nthawi yayitali. Kubzala mbande kuchitike kumapeto kwa dzinja, chifukwa muyenera kuchita izi:

1. Pakuphatikiza dothi la m'munda ndi peat yoponderezedwa ndi mchenga pazotsatira 2: 1: 1 kuti mulandire dothi la mbewu za ixia. Ndiye ndikofunikira kuti mupeze zosakaniza mu uvuni, ndikuthira mankhwala;
2. Dzazani bokosi lokonzedwa kale ndi misa;
3. Konzani nyembazo pamwamba ndikuphimba ndi wosanjikiza wowonda osakaniza, kenako utsi;
4. Kupanga wowonjezera kutentha, ndikofunikira kuphimba chidebe ndi galasi, pomwe mbande zikuyenera kuthandizidwa masiku onse atatu ndi atatu;
5. Mphukira zina zomwe zidaphukira zimayenera kuchotsedwa kuti pakhale mtunda wa 2 cm pakati pa mbewu zazing'ono;
6. Mukakhazikitsa kutentha kwamtunda mumsewu, ndikofunikira kuumitsa mbande, nthawi ndi nthawi kumapita kunja kwa nyumba. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono nthawi yomwe Ixia ili pamsewu, ndipo kumapeto kwa masika imakula kale poyera.

Chapakatikati, ndikofunikira kuchotsa bulb, yomwe imawonekera mumtengoyi pakulima koyamba. Kuphikira nyengo yozizira kumayenera kuchitika mu chipinda chamdima, chozizira, ndipo kasupe amatha kubzala kuti ukule.

Chisamaliro cha Ixia

Zofunikira pakukula kwa ixia:

• Kupezeka kwa kuwala kowala (kumakhudza mwachindunji mawonekedwe a machulukitsidwe amitundu);
• Kutentha kwambiri;
• Chinyezi chapamwamba kwambiri.

Mkhalidwe wotsiriza umatheka ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Komanso musaiwale udzu ndi kumasula dothi ndikuudyetsa. Ndikofunika kuthana ndi magawo owonongeka ndi kuwonongeka munthawi yake, chifukwa kupezeka kwawo kumatha kupangitsa matenda angapo kapena kuwononga tizirombo.

Chomera chokongoletsera chikamaliza maluwa, ma peduncle ayenera kuchotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito secateurs. Kuyeza kumeneku kudzathandiza maonekedwe a ixia, ndikuthandizanso kuperekanso mphamvu pazomera kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi (ma tubers).

Kuthirira

Ndikofunikira kupereka kuthirira nthawi zonse kwa ixia mukangoyamba kubzala mbande. Pa maluwa ndi mapangidwe a masamba, mbewuyo imafunikira chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chitha kuthandizidwa ndikuwonjezera kuthirira ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi omwe amatenthetseka pang'ono ndi kukhazikika kale. M'madzimadzi, mutha kuwonjezera zokuthandizira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maluwa athe maluwa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Feteleza ndi michere ya michere (nitroammofosk, Kemira Lux, Potaziyamu humate) ndi othandiza ku ixia. Osapanga pafupipafupi kuposa nthawi 1 m'milungu iwiri, kuchepetsa mafuta osakaniza ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malangizo opanga. Yambani kudyetsa kuyambira masiku oyamba a Juni, ndipo ndikofunikira kumaliza chomera chikadzazirala.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Chomera sichitha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kumatha kupangitsa matendawa. Ngati ndichikhalidwe wamba, mababu a ixia adzakutidwa ndi nkhungu.

Nthawi zina, ixia imagwidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuthana ndikungopopera tchire lililonse. Chothandiza kwambiri pazinthu zoterezi ndi yankho la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amatsimikizira kutetezedwa kwanthawi yayitali kuti asavutike kawirikawiri. Mankhwala angapo omwe amakhala ndi pafupipafupi 1 nthawi 30-30 masiku mkati mwa nyengo azikhala zokwanira.