Forest violet kapena Viola (wochokera ku Latin Viola) ndi maluwa ocheperako, osalala komanso okongola a latitude akumpoto. Olemba osiyanasiyana amafotokozera kuchokera pa 500 mpaka 700 amitundu yamtchire wa banja la a Violet awa. Amamera makamaka ku Northern Hemisphere m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yozizira.
Malo omwe mbewuyo idabadwira ndi East Africa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa chiwonetserochi, Viola adawonetsedwa mu 1893. Kuyambira pamenepo, kusankha kwa maluwa kuyambika.
Mitundu yambiri imapezeka ku North America ndi Japan. Koma Violet wamtchire akukula ku Andes, Australia ndi New Zealand. Mitundu yolimbidwa - Ma Pansies - ndiofala ku Russia.
Udzu wa nkhalango zamtundu uliwonse umakhala ndi mankhwala.
Kutanthauzira kwa Forest Violet
Zomera ndizosatha, zochepa, komanso zokwawa. Mabasi ndi ophatikizika mpaka 15 cm. Nthambi zokhala ndi masamba chaka chilichonse zimapereka mphukira zatsopano, pomwe masamba amtundu wa masamba amapangidwa. Kope imodzi imatha kukula zaka ziwiri ndikukhalamo gawo la 1 m2.
Vutoli lilibe tsinde, masamba ake ndi ang'ono komanso akulu kuzungulira, owumbika mtima, kutengera mtundu, amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette. Masamba am'munsi masamba ndiwofunika kwambiri kuposa kumtunda. M'nyengo yozizira, masamba samafa, nthawi yachisanu mu chisanu. Kuthana ndi chisanu kumawathandiza kuti masamba ndi othandiza kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Maluwa ndi amitundu isanu, amitundu mitundu, okongola kwambiri. Chaching'ono - mpaka 1.5 masentimita. Ena amakhala ndi fungo labwino, lonunkhira komanso labwino. Fungo limakhala lamphamvu m'mawa komanso nthawi yamadzulo. Sizimununkhiza kutentha.
Mtunduwu umachokera ku mtundu wamtambo wobiriwira komanso wabuluu wopepuka, mpaka wofiirira ndi wa lilac. Phata lake limakhala loyera kwambiri.
Kutulutsa nkhalango kwamvula mu Epulo, masamba ang'onoang'ono asanakhalebe. Maluwa amatenga mpaka Seputembara. Viola yakutchire imagwira ntchito ngati chomera cha uchi, koma sichifunikira kupukutidwa kwakunja. Kufalikira mokala.
M'dzinja, bokosi la zipatso lomwe limakhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono, zonyowa, zofiirira.
Mitundu ya Ziwawa Zankhondo
Ku Russia, mu vivo pali mitundu 20:
| Mutu | Kukula | Kufotokozera kwa maluwa | Nthawi ya maluwa |
| Tricolor (Pansies) | Munkhalango ndi m'midzi - paminda yabwino, m'minda yamasamba, ngati udzu. | Mitundu iwiri yapamwamba ndi ya buluu, pansi atatu ndi yoyera, pakati ndi wachikaso. | Meyi - Seputembala |
| Galu | M'mphepete, m'mawonekedwe achichepere komanso kumunda. | Ang'ono, ngakhale abuluu. | Meyi |
| Machi | Malo opanda chofunda - osati madambo okha, komanso nkhalango zowirira, madzi osefukira. | Buluu wopepuka, pafupifupi woyera ndi mitsempha yakuda. | Meyi - Ogasiti |
| Munda | Minda, nkhalango, nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa msewu. | Zofanana ndi Tricolor, koma zoyera, kakang'ono kokhala ndi kamwa yowala wachikasu. Kutalika mpaka 30 cm. | Epulo - Seputembala |
| Zonunkhira | Nkhalango | Violet, buluu wowala, wokhala ndi fungo labwino. | Epulo - Meyi. |
| Altai | Mapiri otsetsereka. | Violet-buluu wokhala ndi malo achikasu. Kutalika mpaka 20 cm. | Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo 40-45 masiku. Mobwerezabwereza mu Seputembala mpaka chisanu choyamba. |
| Wachikasu | Nthaka zachonde za m'nkhalango zowerengeka, zokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. | Mtundu wobiriwira, wowala. Kumbuyo kwa ma petals ndi mivi yofiirira. | Juni - Julayi. |
| Phiri | Mu nkhalango zowala, pamalo otsetsereka, pansi pa tchire. | Buluu wopepuka, nthawi zina lilac, onunkhira. Chachikulu, pa peduncle yayitali. | Meyi - Juni. |
| Kupangidwa | Matenda a Siberia. M'madera ena osapezeka. | Utoto wonyezimira, wachisomo, wakulira pamwamba pa chitsamba. Amafanana ndi cyclamen mawonekedwe. | Juni - Julayi. |
| Aetolian | Malo otentha, dothi lotayirira, miyala yamiyala. | Mitambo yapamwamba ndi chikasu, m'munsi ndi lalanje. | Kuyambira Meyi ndi chilimwe chonse. |
| Dubravna (phiri) | Ku Europe, Russia, kumapeto kwa mapiri a Caucasus, kumwera kwa Siberia. | Buluu wopepuka, wofanana ndi maluwa amaluwa agalu, koma okulirapo, ndipo tsindewo ndiwokwera - mpaka 25 cm. | Meyi - Julayi. |
| Tsamba la pichesi (dziwe) | Ndi osowa pakati komanso madera ena a Siberia. | Zovala zazitali, maluwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi utoto wamtambo wakuda wokhala ndi mtundu wabuluu. | Meyi - Juni. |
| Pumbwa | Mtundu wachilendo womwe umamera m'mapiri a Caucasus okha. | Limamasulidwa kwambiri ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiirira, omwe amatenga masamba 20. Ndizosangalatsa, koma sizinununkhira kwambiri. | Kawiri - kasupe ndi yophukira. |
Kufesa mbewu ndi chisamaliro cha violet
Mbewu zimamera masabata atatu mutabzala. Komanso, zitha kufesedwa mchaka, chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Mbewu zatsopano zomwe zangogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa chaka chamawa zimataya kumera.
Mutha kubzala mbewu ndi mbande. Kuti muchite izi, tengani dothi wamba, onjezani mchenga, peat ndi humus pang'ono. Ikani miyala yaying'ono yosavuta pamwamba pa dothi lotayirira ndikumwaza pang'ono. Kenako malowa amakhala osungunuka komanso okutidwa ndi filimu.
Chokhacho chomwe chidzafunikire mbewuzo mutakhala pansi ndikuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku mpaka mpweya utawonekera.
Field violet imafalikira mosavuta ndi njere. Kubzala nkhalango ndikosavuta komanso mwachangu ndikokumba masamba a masamba. Chitani pambuyo pa masika maluwa. Mukugwa, chisanu chisanachitike, mbewu sizikhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu.
Kukumba chitsamba chokulirapo ndikusankhira ana ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mizu, yomwe imadzakhala chodzala. Zomera zazikulu zimabzalidwa chimodzi nthawi, baka yaying'ono - ziwiri nthawi. Mtunda pakati pa mbande ndi 20-30 cm.
Chifukwa chake, mchaka chachiwiri, nkhalango zamaluwa zimaphuka m'munda kapena pansi pazenera.
Ubwino wa mbewu ndiyoti sikufuna chisamaliro chokwanira. Nyengo yamvula yamtchire yamtchire mopanda pogona, popewa chilala. Imakonda malo osyankhira m'mundamo, koma imatha kumera pang'onopang'ono, ngati simungayiwale kuthirira.
The viola kufalitsa bwino komanso kudzilimbitsa. Mwanjira imeneyi amathandizidwa ndi nyerere za m'munda, zomwe zimachotsa mbewu m'deralo.
Kuvala kwapamwamba ndi chizolowezi kulowetsedwa kwa humus kapena feteleza zovuta za maluwa. Koma ichi ndi chomera chomwe ndibwino kupatsa thanzi kuposa kudya. Kuti muzike mizu bwino, kukula kwachichepere kumayikiridwa ndi nyemba zopepuka.
M'malo okhala ndi mthunzi, maluwa a viola amakhala pang'onopang'ono, koma maluwa amatalika. Sakonda madzi akunyinyirika m'nthaka - amayamba kupweteka. Chifukwa chake, m'malo otsika ndibwino osakulitsa.
Zomera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mphukira ndizopindulitsa pamtunda wofatsa ndi m'mapiri a mapiri, pomwe maluwa a m'nkhalangoyi amakula bwino.
Tiyenera kukhala okonzekera kuti chodzalacho chitha kudzidzaza chokha kuposa chomwe chapatsidwa. Zikatero, zidzakhala zofunikira kuchotsa mphukira ndi kudina kapena kudulira, ngati masharubu ndi masamba a udzu.
Matenda Achiwawa a m'nkhalango
Mdani woyipitsitsa wa violets ndi matenda.
| Matenda, tizirombo | Zizindikiro | Zomwe zimayambitsa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. |
| Zovunda | Mizu imavunda, kenako tsinde ndi masamba. Zomera zimafa. | Bowa wa pathogenic yemwe atha kukhala m'nthaka nthawi yayitali m'malo opanda matalala. Matenda a fungus amapezeka pa kutentha kochepa komanso chinyezi kwambiri. Amathandizira dothi lachilengedwe. |
| Gray zowola | Kuthira kwa gray fluffy pamtunda kumtunda - ma peduncles ndi maboll a mbewu. | |
| Powdery mildew | Plaque wamtundu woyera mawonekedwe a ufa pamasamba ndi maluwa. Zachilendo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. | |
| Dzimbiri | Mawanga a bulauni pamtunda wa mbeu. Kuyanika. | |
| Sumu | Kutupa kwa masamba pa petioles ndi masamba, odzazidwa ndi madzi amdima. | |
| Mwendo wakuda | Matenda a mbande ndi mbande. Pansi pazomwe zimayambira zimade, masamba amawerera. Imfa imachitika patsiku la 3-4 | |
| Phytophthora | Imadutsa pakati pestle, kapena mizu yopyapyala. | |
| Kutakata | Masamba amakhala osiyanasiyana, opakidwa mtundu, owuma ndi kufa. | Virus Nsabwe za m'masamba zimanyamulidwa. |
| Zojambulajambula | Mphete zamtundu wakuda wobiriwira pamasamba, ndikutsatira necrosis. | |
| Clover scoop (mayi wa ngale) | Malangizo a masamba amaphatikizidwa. Amayamba mu Meyi mpaka Julayi nthawi yamaphunziro. | Makina a njenjete okhala ndi mapiko osaposa masentimita 4.5. Malalanje okhala ndi zikwanje zakuda, mapiko a siliva kumbuyo. |
| Nematode | Mlengalenga kapena mizu ya mlengalenga imakhudzidwa, kutengera mitundu ya majeremusi. Zomera zimaponderezedwa, zikutsalira kumbuyo kuti zikule, kukongoletsa kumavutika. | Tiziromboti - mpweya ndi nthaka nematodes (sitiroberi, ndulu). |
Kulimbana ndi matenda a violets zakutchire ndikovuta kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zonse zimafa. Ngati mtunduwu ndi wocheperako komanso osatheka kuubwezeretsa, muyenera kuyesabe kupulumutsa mbewuzo.
Chotsani mbali zamatenda, zomera zowonongeka zimawonongedwa. Kwa opulumuka, amawaza ndi mankhwala apadera antifungal, feteleza wa potaziyamu-phosphorous umayikidwa.
Ntchito mankhwala azikhalidwe
Zomera zambiri zimakhala ndi mafuta ofunikira, flavonoid, mavitamini A, C, E, mafuta, carotene. Chifukwa cha ma alkaloids omwe amapezekamo, amadzala ndi poizoni. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala kunyumba. Zingakhale bwino kufunsa dokotala.
Forest violet imathandizira pochiza matenda ambiri ndi wowerengeka azitsamba:
- Antipyretic.
- A decoction gargle ndi kutupa.
- Chimalimbikitsa kuchotsa sputum ku kupuma thirakiti.
- Amachiritsa mutu.
- Ili ndi diuretic.
- Ali ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
- Hemostatic - kwa amayi omwe ali ndi zovuta pambuyo pobereka ndi kusintha kwa msambo.
- Antiallergenic, amathandiza ndi diathesis mwa ana.
- Antirheumatic (mwanjira ya ma compress)
Mu aromatherapy, kununkhira kwa ma violets kumachepetsa mitsempha, ngakhale kumathandizira ndi kusangalala, kukomoka, komanso kulanda. Kuchulukitsa kwamphamvu ndi chitetezo chokwanira.
Mu cosmetology, mafuta a violet amayeretsa makwinya, amachiritsa ming'alu ndi milomo yoluka. M'matalikidwe akulu, kuphatikiza kwa ma violets ndi poyizoni. Chifukwa chake, gwiritsani ntchito kukonzekera kochokera ku ma violets mosamala ndipo samalani ndi ana.
