Udzu wonyezimira wonyezimira, utomoni, wouma, komanso miyala ya dzuwa, yomwe imapanga ma carpet, wakhala akukopa chidwi cha anthu. Aigupto akale ankagwiritsa ntchito thyme pofuna kuchita mwambo.
Asayansi akale (Avicenna, Dioscorides, Theophrastus) analemba za zodabwitsa za thyme (antitiviral, antifungal ndi antibacterial). Agiriki adatcha chomera ichi "mpweya wa moyo."
Kale ku Roma, ankakhulupirira kuti thyme inapatsa munthu mphamvu, masculinity ndi potency. Asilavo ankakhulupirira kuti powotcha mphutsi za thyme ndikupuma mu utsi, amatha kukumana ndi milungu ndi mizimu ya makolo awo.
Thyme, yemwenso amadziwika kuti thyme, imapitirizabe kudabwitsa lero - asayansi masiku ano amanena kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitinayambe kuteteza thyme.
Thyme: kufotokoza chomera
Thyme (lat. "Thymus") ali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana: Swan, Bogorodskaya udzu, fungo la mandimu, thyme, Chavor, thyme zokwawa, zofukiza, tsabola ya borage, ndi zina zotero.
Thyme imagwirizana pafupifupi mitundu 400, yomwe imayimilidwa ku Eurasia, America ndi North Africa. Ambiri mwa oimira ake ali ndi zinthu zofanana:
- (kutalika kwake kumasiyana mosiyana ndi mtundu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 35 cm);
- bodza (kapena zokwawa) zimayambira ndi mizu yodzidzimutsa, yokutidwa ndi makungwa ofiira;
- peduncle nthambi ndi villi, herbaceous ndi chilili;
- Masamba okhwima ali pafupi, mtundu wa chikasu mpaka wakuda;
- mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa masamba zimadalira mitundu (oblong, kuzungulira, ndi zina);
- maluwa ang'onoang'ono mu inflorescences (mithunzi yamtengo wapatali - pinki, yoyera, yofiira, mu mtundu wosakanizidwa mitundu yolemera kwambiri);
- zokoma zokometsera (zotentha) zokoma.
Mukudziwa? Thyme ili ndi zidulo (quinic, caffeic, oleic, ursuloic, oleanolic, etc.), chingamu, vitamini C, flavonoids, mchere, etc. Mafuta a maolivi, omwe amapezeka ndi thyme, akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala amphamvu, antiviral, ndi antibacterial. Thyme ndi aphrodisiac yamphamvu (ili ndi thymol ndi carvacrol). Mukakokera, kuthamanga kwa magazi, mavitamini a thyme ndi ma teas kumathandiza kuonjezera chitetezo.
Mitundu yambiri ya thyme
Chomera chodzichepetsa chinapanga malo a Eurasia, America, North Africa. Mitundu yambiri ya Thyme ikuimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu (pakati pawo palinso zovuta kuzigawa ngakhale kwa akatswiri). Mitundu yayikulu:
- thyme wamba (Thymus vulgaris);
- zokwawa za thyme (Thymus serpyllum) kapena thyme;
- Thyolo yamadzimadzi (Thymus vulgaris var. citriodora).
Common Thyme
Dziko lakwawo ndi Spain ndi kum'mwera kwa France (apa zikupezeka kuthengo ndipo apa zinali zoweta). Zimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba ake aang'ono obiriwira (0,5-1 cm) ya mawonekedwe a lanceolate ndi maluwa ofiira owala. Kuphatikizapo subspecies osiyanasiyana. Pa maziko ake mitundu yambiri idalumikizidwa (Alba - white, Splendens - maroon, mitundu yosiyanasiyana - Elfin, etc.)
Kusakaniza thyme
Mitundu ya anthu (Mapuloteni a thyme ndi thyme ndi amodzimodzi) - Kumwera kwa Mediterranean. Amadziwika kwa zaka zoposa 2000. Yakhala ikulima kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1600. Kufalikira kudutsa Ulaya - kuchokera ku Greece kupita ku Sweden, Asia.
Masamba ndi ofewa, m'mphepete mwawo simukutidwa (monga mu thyme). Maluwa - wofiirira ndi pinki tinge. Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi masamba a variegated yakhazikitsidwa. Kusiyana chilala ndi chisanu. Wokondedwa wamkulu chomera.
Thyme lemongrass
Malo ochokera pachiyambi ndi South France. Mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi maluwa a pinki. Kusiyana mu zokometsera tart fungo la mandimu. Young masamba (chikasu) wobiriwira ali ndi zaka.
Thyme mandimu amawopa ozizira nyengo, ndikofunikira kuti pogona kwa dzinja. Akufunika kudulira nthawi zonse. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu (Silver Queen - masamba ndi malire, Golden Duarf, Bertram Anderson - masamba ndi ma chikasu, etc.)
Mukudziwa? Zosakaniza zokhala ndi zokometsera za thyme zimayamikiridwa ndi zakudya za dziko lonse lapansi. Ku France, thyme ndi gawo lalikulu la Herbs of Provence ndi Bouquet Garni zonunkhira, ku England thyme ndi chachiwiri pambuyo timbewu mu kutchuka, ku Spain ndi Greece maolivi akuswedwa ndi thyme, ku Central Europe thyme ndi zofunika zofunika za supu ndi nandolo ndi nyemba, Zakudya zokazinga ndi zonenepa, m'mayiko achiarabu zikuphatikizidwa mu Zahtar yotchuka yotchuka, ku Jamaica - mu zokometsera Jerk. Lemon thyme imachepetsa ndipo imabweretsa zolemba za mandimu ku kukoma kwa nyama ndi nsomba mbale. Thyme ndiwonjezeredwa ndi timbewu to tiyi.
Momwe mungamere ndi kukula tsamba lanu, kubzala malamulo
Thyme sikutanthauza zinthu zofunikira, ndipo zimachepetsa kwambiri kulima ndi kumusamalira m'munda. Ndikofunikira kuti muzitsatira zinthu zingapo ndikupereka chomera:
- malo oyenera kumalo;
- masiku abwino olowera;
- kuthirira bwino ndi feteleza.
Kusankha malo ndi dothi
Thyme amakonda dzuŵa (mthunzi amachotsedwa, chitsamba chimakhala chocheperachepera, chimafalikira mochulukirapo) komanso kuwala (ndi madzi abwino) osalowerera ndale. Posankha malo ayenera kukumbukira izi. Malo oti chodzala sayenera kukhala nthawi zonse akuwombedwa ndi mphepo (thyme ndi mantha a drafts).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati dothi ndilo "lolemetsa" ndi madzi, musanadzale thyme, m'pofunika "kulisula" ndi mchenga.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungabwerere thyme
M'munda, mbeu za thyme zimabzalidwa masika ndi autumn. Nthawi yabwino yobzala mbeu ya thyme ndi masika (pamene chisanu chimatha). Tsiku lodzala liyenera kutenthetsa ndi dzuwa. Kukhazikitsa kumaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- kukumba dzenje (kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kawiri kukula kwa mphika wa mmera);
- Konzekerani kusakaniza kopaka - kusakaniza dziko ndi mchenga mofanana. Gawo la osakaniza linatsanulira mu dzenje;
- Chotsani mmera mu mphika ndikuwongolera rhizomes;
- chomera chomera mu dzenje (kubzala mozama kumafanana ndi mphika);
- kutsanulira otsalira osakaniza mu dzenje, kupondaponda ndi kutsanulira.
Mukudziwa? Thyme ndi chidziwitso chachirengedwe, chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophika kuphika kuti muwonjezerere rafu moyo wa zakudya ndi pickling. Maluwa a Thyme, pamene akusungira kukoma konse kwa chomera, ndi osakhwima ndi onunkhira.
Malamulo a Thyme Care
Thyme ndi wodzichepetsa, kusamala ndi kosavuta, ndipo kukula m'munda wa thyme kumachepetsedwa kukhala kuthirira nthawi zonse, kupalira, kumasula nthaka.
Mbali za kuthirira ndi kudyetsa zomera
Pofuna madzi abwino, muyenera kuyang'anira momwe nthaka ikuyendera. Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka (kuchokera ku dampness mbewu idzayamba kuvulaza). Madzi amafunikira kwambiri ngati chilala chikadzayamba, komanso nyengo isanakwane.
Ndi mvula kawirikawiri, nthaka imatha kukhala ndi miyala yochepa. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi, kuti mukhale ndi mazira abwino kwambiri, m'pofunika kumasula nthaka ndi khasu, kuchotsani namsongole. Thyme safuna zovala zapadera.
Nthaka ikhoza kubzalidwa musanadzalemo humus kapena ufa wa nyanga (izi zidzakhala zokwanira kwa chaka). Chaka chotsatira, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, muyenera kudyetsa mchere wamchere wamchere.
Kodi mungatani kuti mudule mitengo yanu?
Kukhazikitsa mitengo ya thyme nthawi zonse kudzaonetsetsa kuti msinkhuwu umakhala wambiri.
Kudulira kumachitika kumayambiriro kasupe (kudulira mazira, ofooka, mphukira odwala) kapena pambuyo maluwa (kupatulira). Musanadule thyme m'chaka, muyenera kufufuza mosamala zakufa zakufa - amatha kukhala ndi moyo.
Kuwonekera kwa mawanga ofiira pa masamba kungasonyeze kuti alibe mpweya ndi kuwala - muyenera kuchepetsa chitsamba. Mphukira imadulidwa ku mbali yake yozungulira (2/3 ya tsinde) ndi shear lakuthwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mutenge maluwa ambiri, thyme amafunika kudulidwa nthawi zambiri ndipo saloledwa kuti iphuphuke.
Zomwe Zimayambira Zambiri
Thyme imafalitsa m'njira ziwiri - ndi mbewu ndi vegetatively.
Njira ya Mbewu
Choyamba, nkofunikira kumasula malo oti mubzala mbeu yonse namsongole (mbeu ya thyme ndi yaing'ono, imatenga mwezi kuti imere, idamera zomera ndi ofooka kwambiri). Njira yabwino yowonekera ndiyo kuyambanso kumera kwa mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha:
- Kuyambira mu March mpaka kumayambiriro kwa May, mbewu zimabzalidwa (kufesa mozama - 0.5-1 masentimita) mu chidebe ndi kubzala mankhwala (osakaniza mchenga ndi peat mofanana). Asanayambe, chidebecho chiyenera kutsekedwa ndi filimu yoonekera kapena galasi. Kawirikawiri (pa kutentha kwa 25-30 ° C) mphukira idzamera mu sabata;
- mwezi woyamba kuti mukhale ndi dothi labwino, kupukuta mbande. Pakapita miyezi ingapo, mbande zatha kale kubzala pa webusaitiyi.
Ndikofunikira! Thyme ingachuluke mwaulere pakudzidyera nokha ndi kukulitsa malo akukula kwake.
Kubzala masamba
Pali njira ziwiri zowonjezera mbeu ya thyme:
- Kusiyana kwa chitsamba. Kwa kukula koyenera, chitsamba cha thyme chiyenera kugawanika kamodzi pakatha zaka zitatu.
Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukumba mmera, gwedeza nthaka kuchokera ku rhizomes, pamunsi mugawikane mu zidutswa ndikusuntha njira zochepa za mizu.
Pambuyo pake, nthaka. Pakuti bwino rooting, anabzala mbali ya chitsamba ayenera yokutidwa ndi galasi mtsuko.
- Cuttings. Mwanjira imeneyi mitundu yochepa imabereka bwino. Kuwombera kudula mu kasupe kumachokera mu chidebe cha mchenga.
Chophimbacho chimadzazidwa ndi filimu, tizidulidwe timayenera kutsitsimutsidwa nthawi ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi. Kuzukula kumapezeka patsiku la 15-20.
Kutuluka kumatenga mwezi umodzi pambuyo pa kuwombera.
Mukudziwa? Thyme imachiza katundu chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa thymol mu tsinde ndi masamba, omwe amenyana ndi mabakiteriya a zomera zamchere, koma ndizochepa poizoni kuposa zina zotchedwa phenols.
