Hydrangea ndi chomera cham'madzi chaku South Asia ndi North America. Woimira uyu wa banja la Gortenziev adabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku China mu 1789 ndi a Joseph Banks ndipo adakhala maluwa okongoletsa otchuka pakati pa olimawo.
Kufotokozera
Hydrangea nthawi zambiri imayimilidwa ndi zitsamba zotalika mpaka 3 m kutalika. Palinso mipesa yayikulu yomwe imatha kukula mpaka 20 m, ndi mitengo yaying'ono yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a chitsamba, monga nthambi yolimba.
Mitundu yambiri ndi mbewu zowola, koma pali oimira obiriwira nthawi zonse kum'mwera.
Hydrangea pachimake mu kasupe ndi yophukira, kumasula inflorescence lalikulu wozungulira - panicles, scut ndi mitundu iwiri ya masamba: yaying'ono pakati, yayikulu pamphepete. Mafomu owoneka bwino, omwe ndi chisamaliro choyenera amakhalabe mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Pafupifupi mitundu yonse yamitundu ili ndi mitundu yoyera ya chipale chofewa, koma pinki, buluu, wofiirira ndi wofiirira amapezekanso. Masamba ndi owoneka ngati mtima, pang'ono pang'ono mpaka kumapeto, amaloza, wobiriwira wakuda bii mumtundu wokhala ndi mitsempha yotchuka. M'mphepete mwa tsamba lamalambowo mumatha kulumikizidwa ndipo pamwamba pake pamakhala poyipa. Chipatsochi ndi bokosi lomwe lili ndi njere zazing'ono zambiri zakuda.
Mantha, ofanana ndi mitengo, okhathamira-akulu ndi ma oak-eleved hydrangea
Hydrangea ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa obereketsa, motero pakadali pano mitundu ingapo ndi mitundu yamitengo yosiyanasiyana yazala.
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Kalalak | Zosiyanasiyana |
| Wonga mtengo | Chitsamba chowumbika chofika 300 cm. Zimayambira zowongoka, zamphamvu. Masamba ndiwotambalala, ozunguliridwa, obiriwira opepuka okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa nsonga ndi nsonga yolowera, kutsitsidwa pang'ono. Mizu yake imapangidwa bwino, chifukwa chake kufalikira kwachilengedwe kumadziwika ndi mbewu. Mtunduwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito patsambalo ngati mipanda. | Maluwa ang'onoang'ono a 1.5-2 masentimita amatengedwa mumtengo wozungulira pamwamba pa tsinde. Panicle m'mimba mwake imafikira pafupifupi masentimita 15. Mitunduyo ndi yonyezimira, ovate. Mtundu ndi loyera kapena beige. | Mzimu Wosaoneka, Sterilis, Annabel, Grandiflora. |
| Mantha | Mtengo wokhala ndi nthambi zokulirapo mpaka 10,000 masentimita kapena chitsamba chowumbika cha 500 cm pamalowo. Kugawidwa ku China, Japan komanso kumwera kwa Sakhalin. Masamba akutsutsana, ellipsoidal, pafupifupi 12 masentimita, akuti. Dongosolo lamizu silakuzika. Nthawi zambiri zimafalitsidwa ndi zigawo. Mitundu yambiri (mwachitsanzo, Yapadera) imatha kupirira nyengo yozizira kwambiri: mpaka-34 ° C. | Mantha, 20-25 masentimita, mawonekedwe a piramidi. Maluwa amitundu iwiri, ang'ono - oyera kapena otuwa; chachikulu (mpaka 2,5 cm) - wosabereka, wokhala ndi ma pinki 4, beige. | Brussels Lace, Dart's Little Dot, Limelig, Mathilda, Kyushu, Vanille Fraise, Wapadera. Kwa Dera la Moscow, mitundu yabwino kwambiri idzakhala Bobo, Vanilla Frize, Phantom, Limelight, Pinky Winky, Daruma, Wims Red. |
| Tsamba lalikulu | Shrub pafupifupi 400 cm, nthawi zambiri wobzala m'mapaki ndi mabwalo kapena wogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba. Masamba obiriwira owala pang'ono pang'ono, sinewy, osalala, obiriwira owala. Nthambi zimakhala zosalimba, zimakhazikika pansi pa kulemera kwa inflorescences. Mizu yake imapangidwa kuti ipangike zomera. Kuthana ndi chisanu kochepa: mpaka -18 ° С. | Osiyana maluwa ambiri. Zikopa kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita. Maluwa ndi akulu, 3 cm, pakati ndi loyera-matuwa, okhala ndi pinki m'mphepete. | Chilimwe chosatha, Renata Steinger, Romance, Express, Nikko Blue. |
| Dubolistnaya | Imafika kutalika kwa 300 cm, mapesi ake ndi nthambi, zotanuka, zolimba m'munsi. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi mbali zazikulu zoyesedwa, zokumbukira mtengo wa thundu, wobiriwira, wobiriwira bwino. Wosakhazikika ngakhale ndi timizere ting'onoting'ono titha kufa. Kufalikira mwa njira zonse, kuphatikizira mbewu. | Panicles wautali ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera 1.5 cm cm.Pakati, masamba ophukira amakhala ndi beige hue, m'mphepete yoyera ndi pinki tint. | Floribunda, Pinki Pinki, Tardiva, Rgaesokh. |
Kulima mbewu
Njira yosavuta yosavuta yotsikirako ndi kubereka, yogwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati lamulo, ndi obereketsa pakubala mitundu yatsopano, koma ndizotheka kunyumba. Ngakhale njirayi imawononga nthawi yambiri.
- Konzani chidebe kapena padera zida ndi mabowo.
- Konzani gawo lapansi kuchokera pa peat, dothi la pepala ndi mchenga 2: 4: 1. Mutha kuwonjezera zofunikira organic, mwachitsanzo - humus, singano, utuchi.
- Kufesa kuyenera kuchitidwa m'dzinja.
- Osamitsa mbewu, koma kungowaza dothi laling'ono pamwamba.
- Nyowetsani nthaka bwino. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti utsi, osati madzi, kuti osasambitsa njere.
- Valani chidebe ndi chokutira pulasitiki kapena galasi, lomwe limayenera kuchotsedwa kangapo patsiku kuti mpweya wabwino ugwire.
- Ikani zotetezazo pamalo abwino, otentha otentha ndi + 14 ... +22 ° С.
- Tsunthirani gawo laling'ono pomwe limayamba kulira.
- Zikafika mphukira zoyambirira, malo okhala ayenera kuchotsedwa.
- Kutola kumachitika nthawi 2: nthawi yopanga cotyledon lobes komanso kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
- Pankhaniyi, hydrangea ikhoza kuikidwa mu miphika wamba (pafupifupi masentimita 7).
- Zomera ziyenera kuumitsidwa, kutuluka chilimwe kupita kumalo otseguka kumalo otetezedwa ku dzuwa ndi nyengo yoipa.
- Madzulo, mapoto amafunika kubwezeretsedwanso.
- Hydrangea iyenera kumalidwa kunyumba kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri mpaka itakhwima kwathunthu.
- Mphukira zomwe zikubwera ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosamala kuti zisasokoneze chitukuko.
Mbeu za Hydrangea
Pakatha zaka ziwiri, mbande zimafunika kubzyala panthaka. Ndikwabwino kuchita mwambowu mchaka kapena kugwa isanayambike kuzizira kwambiri. Hydrangea iyenera kuyikidwa m'malo abwino. Mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, yokhala ngati mitengo) imatha kumera m'malo otetezeka. Kuti mudziwe kuti mmera wakonzeka kubzala ndikosavuta: onetsetsani kuti pali nthambi zingapo ndi masamba abwino pa tsinde.
Ndikofunikanso kuyendera mbewuyo ngati ili ndi matenda, chifukwa tchire lomwe lili ndi kachilombo limatha kufalitsa matendawa ku mbewu zina. Mbande zofowoka ndizovuta kwambiri kuzilombo. Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, masamba ndi masamba ayenera kuthiridwa mankhwala ophera tizirombo. Kuti mumangidwe bwino, ma hydrangea achichepere amayenera kuthiridwa feteleza ndi mchere (phosphorous kapena potashi) kuvala kumtunda, ndipo nthawi yozizira, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya: mpaka + 12 ... +18 ° C.
Kubzala kwa hydrangea kwakunja
Kudzala kwa hydrangea pamalopo sikovuta, koma muyenera kutsatira njira ina yothandizira kukhazikitsa njira zoyenera:
- Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa dothi mosamala ndi maudzu ndiku kumasula kuti amasuke.
- Acidity sayenera kulowerera.
- Dzenje lokumbiralo liyenera kukumbidwa kuti mupeze muzu wa 2 mgawo, kutalika kwa dothi.
- Pakati pa mabowo muyenera kusiya mipata ya 100 cm.
- Pafupi ndi hydrangea, sikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mitengo kapena zitsamba zilizonse ndi mizu yakunja, apo ayi michere imagawidwa mosiyanasiyana ndipo imodzi mwazomera izifa.
- Zachilengedwe ziyenera kuwonjezeka padzenje: peat, kompositi, humus, utuchi, singano, phulusa ndi feteleza wa mchere.
- Pereka ngalande pansi pa dzenjemo poika polystyrene, njerwa yosweka kapena mazira pamenepo.
- Musanabzale, ndikofunikira kugwetsa dothi lokwanira ndikumera mizu.
- Pang'ono pang'ono dzenje, ndikugwedeza pang'ono hydrangea kuti mudzaze.
- Pamwamba onjezerani kompositi ndi humus.
- Madzi athanzi bwino ndikupanga gawo lapansi.
- Phimbani maluwa ndi mulch, singano kapena phulusa.
- Mukabzala bwino mmera, uyenera kuphimbidwa kuchokera padzuwa kwa masiku awiri, kuti chomera chimakula msanga.
Chisamaliro chakunja cha hydrangea
Hydrangea ikufuna chisamaliro choyenera ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika kuchokera kwa wolima dimba, chifukwa chake malamulo ena akuyenera kutsatidwa akamakulitsa.
| Choyimira | Mkhalidwe |
| Malo / Kuwala | Maluwa okhala ndi hydrangea ayenera kupezeka kuchokera kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa malowa, ndipo ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwa dzuwa kulowera kuthengo. Mitundu ina imamera bwino pansi pa denga kapena m'malo obisika. Ma hydrangea achichepere amamva bwino kukonzekera, mphepo zamkuntho ndi mpweya (madigiri, kugwa kwamvula), motero, nyengo yoyipa, iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pansi. |
| Dothi | Palibenso chifukwa chodzala chitsamba kapena dothi lokhala ndi acidity yayikulu. Nthaka iyenera kukonzedwa, kupukutidwa bwino bwino ndikuchotsa namsongole wosafunikira ndi mizu yotsalira yazomera zina. Komanso dothi losungidwa m'maluwa limatha kusakanikirana ndi mchenga, phulusa kapena peat kuti lizikhala ndi zakudya zambiri komanso machulukidwe. Ngati zinthu za haidrojeni sizitenga nawo mbali, mtundu wa maluwa a hydrangea udzakhala wamtengo wapatali kapena zoyera, zamtambo wabuluu kapena zamtambo zimaphukira m'nthaka y acidic. |
| Kuthirira | Kuyambitsa mwamphamvu komanso kovuta. Mpaka 50 malita kawiri pa sabata ndi chikhalidwe cha hydrangea. Komabe, kuthilira pafupipafupi komanso kusasunthika kwa madzi m'nthaka kumatha kuyambitsa matendawa ndi zowola kapena bowa, chifukwa chake nthawi zonse muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi munthaka. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumawonekera ndi chikasu ndi kufa kwa mphukira zazing'ono, masamba. |
| Feteleza | Chiwerengero chochepa chovala ndi 2 (musanafike maluwa ndi pambuyo pake). Yoyamba kuphukira, mu Epulo-Meyi, yankho la urea: 20 g pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Chitsamba chilichonse chazikulu chimafuna zidebe zitatu ngati izi. Lachiwiri liyenera kuchitika mutatha maluwa, ndiye kuti mu Seputembala-Okutobala. Ma feteleza ovuta okhala ndi zinthu za mchere, mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni kapena phosphorous, ali oyenerera bwino izi. M'chilimwe, mutha kudyetsanso gawo lapansi ndi slurry, kompositi kapena humus. Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuvala pafupipafupi kwambiri kumakhudzanso ma hydrangeas: nthambi zimatha kuthyoka, chifukwa cha inflorescence yochulukirapo. |
| Kudulira | Patulani zaka 3-4 zokha mutabzala. Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, masamba asanatseguke ndipo mphukira zatsopano zikakhazikitsidwa, hydrangea yokhala ngati mtengo imadulidwa kaye. Kusiya masamba atatu pamitengo, ndipo magawo omwe adachotsedwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodulira pakubala. Mtundu wina - wotopetsa hydrangea - umadulidwa ndi lachitatu, popeza umabwezeretseka nthawi yayitali komanso umakhala wopanda tanthauzo mu chilengedwe. Mumitundu yayikulu, mitundu yokhayo inayi ndi yomwe imachotsedwa. Kudulira sikuyenera kuchitika posachedwa, masamba atangoyamba kupanga, apo ayi chitsamba sichitha kukhalapo, kudulira mochedwa kumakhudzanso moipa: chomera chimatha madzi ndikufa. |
Hydrangea pambuyo maluwa
Mapeto a maluwa atatha, zinthu zingapo zimachitika kukonza chitsamba kuti chikhale nthawi yachisanu:
- Mbande zomwe zakula mumiphika zimabweretsedwa mu chipinda chokutidwa.
- Zitsamba pamalowo zimadulidwa mosamala, kuchotsa nthambi zouma, mphukira ndi inflorescence.
- Kenako amathira hydrate hydrangea ndikuphimba ndi maluwa okhala ndi mulch kuti ateteze mizu yake pakuzizira kwambiri.
- Chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi pansi kapena filimu, ndipo chimaphimba dothi mozungulira ndi masamba owuma ndi singano.
Mitundu ina, monga paniculata, imalekerera nyengo yachisanu popanda malo owonjezera, komabe, m'malo omwe kuli ozizira komanso kusintha mwadzidzidzi kutentha, mwachitsanzo ku Siberia, chitsamba chiyenera kupatsidwanso pansi. M'madera akumwera, hydrangea-ngati-mtengo amatha kuthana ndi chisanu popanda pogona.
Hydrangea nthawi yachisanu
Phimbani hydrangea yozizira nyengo yachisanu itangoyamba kumene, pasanathe Okutobala. Ngati chitsamba ndi chaching'ono, chiyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi louma. Zomera zachikulire ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pansi, kuyikika pamwamba pazinthu zofolerera, lutrasil kapena filimu yapulasitiki wamba, kuphwanya m'mbali. Ngati hydrangea ndi yayikulu mokwanira ndipo ndikosatheka kugwirira panthaka, ndiye kuti mphukira zimayenera kumangirizidwa, zokutira ndi spanbondon, kuteteza ku chisanu. Kuzungulira tchire, ndikofunikira kuyika chimango chopangidwa ndi waya kapena mauna kuti chikukwera pamwamba pa hydrangea ndi 10 cm. Kusiyana pakati pa shrub ndi chimango kuyenera kudzazidwa ndi masamba owuma, udzu, ndikuwonjezera humus.
Kupanga koteroko kumathandizira kuti ma hydrangeas azikhala ndi nyengo yachisanu yozizira ndikusungira mbewu mpaka masika Mu Epulo-Meyi, chisanu chikasungunuka, ukondewo uyenera kuchotsedwa, pansi ndikumachotsedwa pokhapokha nyengo yofunda ikhazikitsidwa. Kutentha nthawi yachisanu kumathandizanso kukongola kwa maluwa ndi kuphukira kwatsopano.
Kufalikira ndi kudula
Njirayi imakhala ndi zopindulitsa zambiri: Choyamba, zinthuzo zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikudulira mbewu, zomwe zimathandizira kusintha kwa hydrangea, ndipo chachiwiri, pafupifupi kudula konse kumazika mizu ndikuyamba kukulira.
- Muyenera kusiya malo osachepera awiri pa nthambi iliyonse.
- Ndikofunikira kuti kudula kwapamwamba kukhale koyenera komanso kotsika kotsikira.
- Tanki iyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale ndikupanga mabowo okwirira.
- Kusakaniza kwadothi kungathe kukonzedwa palokha: sakanizani peat, mchenga ndi dothi lapadziko lonse.
- Kwezani shank zosaposa 3-4 cm.
- Madzi okwanira ndi kuphatikiza gawo lapansi, utuchi, makungwa a nkhuni kapena masingano akhoza kuwonjezedwa pamwamba.
- Kuchokera pamwambapa, botolo liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki kapena galasi, ndikupereka hydrangea ndi malo obiriwira.
- Dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, ndibwino kupopera kuchokera ku botolo lothira.
- Komanso, zotengera ziyenera kupakidwa mpweya wabwino tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuziyika m'malo abwino.
- Pomwe mizu ikadzapangidwa, malembawo amatha kubzala pamalowo.
- Izi zikuyenera kuchitika mchaka, kuti hydrangea wachinyamata akhale ndi nthawi yosinthira ndikuyamba nthawi yozizira.
