Tritsirtis ndimaluwa obzala maluwa obiriwira ochokera ku banja lalikulu la Liliaceae, pomwe pali mitundu pafupifupi 20. Ambiri a iwo ndi okulira, ndipo ena adakulidwa ngati mbewu zamaluwa. Maluwa okongola amenewa amafanana ndi maluwa, koma amakhala osamala kwambiri posamalira.
Mu chi Greek, liwu loti tricirtis limawerengedwa ngati "ma tubercles atatu" - lidatchedwa dzina chifukwa chakuti duwa limakhala ndi timitu tachitatu. Zomera zimachokera ku maiko akum'mawa, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapezeka ku Himalayas ndi Japan. Monga maluwa akumunda, tricirtis adakulidwa kuyambira zaka za zana la 9, koma adadziwika kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20.
Mayina a Tricirtis
Tricirtis ali ndi mayina ena atatu:
- Ku Philippines, duwa lokongola limatchedwa "kakombo wa maluwa," chifukwa anthu am'derali amagwiritsa ntchito msuzi wawo kukasaka mikanda idadyedwa.
- Ku Japan, amatchedwa "cuckoo" chifukwa cha mtundu wokongola, wokumbukira kuchuluka kwa mbalameyi.
- Ku Europe amatchedwa "dimba la maluwa" chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osangalatsa, opanga bwino a duwa lokongola, lomwe, ngakhale kunja silofanana ndi maluwa, koma limakumbukira kwambiri za kukongola ndi mawonekedwe.
Kufotokozera kwa Tricirtis
Tritsirtis - amatanthauza mbewu zokongoletsa, zamaluwa. Chimamera m'malo otetezeka, ndimakonda dothi lonyowa. Amalekerera nyengo yowuma, koma nyengo yachisanu imakhala yoyesa kwambiri kwa iye.
Dongosolo la mizu ndilosakhala lakuya, lopangidwa bwino, lotha kuchira. Tsinde ndi lowongoka (pali nthambi), cylindrical, yopyapyala, yotalika masentimita 60 mpaka 100, nthawi zina ochulukirapo.
Masamba opanda mapesi, zopota zimayambira kutalika konse. Mawonekedwe awo ndi owongoka kapena otambalala (okhala ndi lamba). Kutalika kumatha kukhala masentimita 15, m'lifupi mpaka masentimita 5. Maluwa akuluakulu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chofunda, amatha kukhala amodzi nthawi imodzi kapena kuphatikizidwa mu inflorescence. Mtundu wawo ndi wowala, amatha kukhala monophonic (yoyera, yapinki, yamtengo wapatali, yofiirira, yabuluu) kapena yokhala ndi madontho amdima, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ofiirira.
M'dzinja, zipatso zokhala ndi njere zakuda kapena zofiirira zimawonekera, zomwe zili m'mabotolo obisika.
Mitundu yambiri yamera yamaluwa imeneyi imapezeka m'nkhalango zakutali. Chifukwa chake, mpaka pano, opanga mankhwala akupeza zatsopano zomwe sizimadziwika kale.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yachisanu kwambiri ya tricirtis
M'mawonekedwe, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tricirtis siili yosiyana kwambiri.
Agawidwa m'magulu angapo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Ambiri mwa iwo ndi okonda kutentha, ndipo mitundu yolemetsa yozizira imapezekanso.
| Onani | Kufotokozera |
| Chikasu (Tricyrtis flava) (kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu) | Zimayambira zowongoka, nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwa, kutalika kwa 25-50 masentimita. Maluwa ndi a monophonic achikasu kapena amangamabala, omwe amakhala pamwamba pamitu, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi inflorescence pazidutswa zingapo. |
| Mafuta (Tricyrtis pilosa) | Imafikira masentimita 60-70. Maluwa ndi oyera ngati chipale chofewa. Simalimidwa nthawi zambiri ngati chomera cholimidwa. |
| Hirta wa tsitsi lalifupi (Tricyrtis hirta) (Hardy yozizira) | Koyambira kuchokera ku subtropics aku Japan. Nthawi zambiri imakhala yolima ndi wamaluwa, chifukwa ndi yolimba ngakhale pamavuto. Zimayambira ndizophuka, ndi kuwala kochepa kufupika, kutalika kwa 40-80 masentimita. Masamba ndi ozungulira, okonda. Maluwa a Hirta ndi ochepa, oyera oyera okhala ndi utoto wofiirira. Pali masamba angapo mu inflorescence, ndipo amodzi pamwamba pa tsinde. Mizu yake imamera msanga mobisa. |
| Kukongola kwamiyendo kwamiyendo yakuda | Maluwa ndi ang'ono, nthawi zambiri amakhala amtundu wakuda (rasipiberi, wofiirira), pali malo owala. |
| Formosa (wokongola, wa ku Taiwan) (Tricyrtis formosana) | Maluwa ndi osiyanasiyana - oyera, lilac, pinki okhala ndi madontho a burgundy kapena bulauni. Zimayambira mpaka 80 masentimita amtundu wina ndiubweya, wokhala ndi masamba osalala. Chimodzi mwamitundu yopanda kunyada. |
| Kukongoletsa Paphiri | Zomera zamtunduwu sizitali, masamba ake ndi achikuda. Maluwa amayera ndi mawanga ofiirira, pamakhala mafinya. |
| Broadleaf (Tricyrtis latifolia) (Hardy yozizira) | Mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu kwambiri. Zimayambira mpaka masentimita 60. Maluwa ndi obiriwira oyera, omwe amatengedwa mu inflorescence. |
| Broadleaf (Kutuluka kwa Dzuwa) (kolimba) | Maluwa ake ndi achikasu ndi mawanga bulauni. Zimayambira mpaka masentimita 80. Masamba ndi ovate, achikopa. |
Kutambalala kwa tricirtis
Ngakhale mbewu izi zimakhala zolimba, madera omwe zipatso zoyambilira za nthawi yophukira zimakhazikika, nthawi yamaluwa imakhala yochepa. Chifukwa zimachitika theka lachiwiri la chilimwe ndipo chachikulu chimagwa, chikugwirirabe mpaka kutentha. Ndizotheka kutchukitsa maluwa kokha ndi kubzala tub.
Amabisala pamalo otseguka pomwe Seputembala amakhala ofunda.
Kusankha malo oti mugone poyera
Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewuzi m'malo omwe masana ambiri ndi mthunzi pang'ono, pafupi ndi mitengo.
Malo abwino kwa iwo ndi munda wokhala ndi mitengo yayitali. Amakonda dothi lotseguka ndi masamba kuchokera pamasamba, ma peat bogs, ndi chernozem.
Osalekerera kusayenda kwa madzi ku mizu, kukonzekera. Chifukwa chake, malo omwe ali pansi pawo ayenera kusankhidwa otetezedwa ndi mphepo, komanso kuwunikira kokwanira masana.
Njira zolerera
Mutha kufalitsa ma tricirtis:
- Mbewu pansi. Kubzala kumachitika m'dzinja, okhawo omwe akolola kumene ndi omwe ali oyenera (mbewu ya chaka chatha imakhala ndi kumera kochepa). Mutha kuwabzala mu nthawi ya masika, koma musanabzale, muyenera kupeza njerezo ndikuzisunga mufiriji pazitali zotsika kwa masabata atatu. Njira yodzala mbewu siyothandiza.
- Mbande. Mbewu zoyesedwa ndi chopukusira chophukira chimabzala mu miphika ya peat mu February. Iwokeredwe mu nthaka pomwe nyengo yofunda imakhazikitsidwa mchaka. Maluwa amapezeka zaka 1-2.
- Gawoli la ma rhizomes. M'dzinja kapena masika, fosholo, gawo la muzu lomwe limapangidwa ndi njira imalekanitsidwa ndikubzala kwina. Kufika koteroko kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Zomera zimamera bwino, zimaphuka mwachangu.
- Kudula. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kudula mizu koyenera, chilimwe - mutha kutenga tsinde. Masamba odulidwawo amathandizidwa ndi zopukusira za kukula (Kornevin) ndipo zodulidwa zimabzalidwa pansi. Mizu imamera ndi kulimbitsa pakatha mwezi umodzi.
Kukula ndi kusamalira tricirtis
Ndi malo oyenera, nkhawa zina zonse za mbewuyi zimabweranso:
- kuthirira nthawi zonse - kulima ndikotheka ngakhale kumadera louma, koma pokhapokha ngati dothi lozungulira chomera limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse;
- kudula, kumasula dothi (lomwe limalimbikitsidwa pambuyo pa kuthirira lirilonse);
- kuvala pamwamba (humus, peat, feteleza wa mchere ndi koyenera, koma manyowa atsopano sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito);
- Kuchotsa maluwa owuma, owonongeka.
Momwe Tritsirtis imagwirizira nthawi yozizira
Mu nyengo yamkatikati mwa malo apakati, kumene kukazizira kwambiri kumachitika nthawi zambiri, izi mbewu ziyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira. Kupanda kutero, ma rhizomes adzazizira.
Pogona, agrofibre kapena wosanjikiza wa peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mitundu yonga chikaso sichifuna chitetezo cha chisanu.
Mphukira zazing'ono zimatha kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, siziyenera kuloledwa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kumayambiriro kwamasika, ikayamba kutentha, ndikofunikira kuchotsa kutchingira.
Nthaka itha kutetezedwa kuti isamatenthe kwambiri ndi mulching ndi makungwa a paini.
Tizilombo ndi matenda a tricirtis
Tritsirtis imakhala yogonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri, zimazimiririka chifukwa chambiri kuthirira mu nthaka yolimba, madziwo akamayenda ndipo mizu yake imawola. Kuti izi zisachitike, muyenera kupanga ngalande zabwino kuchokera ku miyala, nthambi ndi mchenga pansi pa maluwa.
Zowopsa ndi nkhono ndi ma slgs omwe amadya masamba mpaka mabowo. Mulch kuchokera ku mazira ophwanyika ndi makungwa a mitengo amatha kuwateteza - amasokoneza kayendedwe kazirombo.
Tritsirtisy sifunikira chisamaliro chambiri mukadzala ndi kusamalira poyera. Zomera izi zimatha kukongoletsa malo ena ake. Tritsirtis amawoneka bwino m'minda yamagulu. Zabzalidwe bwino pafupi ndi dziwe, pafupi ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo yokongoletsera. Kwa iwo omwe alibe nthawi yokwanira kugwira ntchito zapakhomo ndikusintha kwa mabedi amaluwa, nthawi zosatha zotere ndizopeza zenizeni.
