Nkhumba kapena plumbago: Kufotokozera, kuyendetsa, kusamalira

Piggy ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamasamba obiriwira komwe kali kumalo otentha (banja la Nkhumba). Dzina lasayansi plumbago lotanthauziridwa kuchokera ku Latin limatanthawuza lead. Chifukwa chake, kale ankakhulupirira kuti mankhwalawa atha kupezeka kuchokera ku chinthuchi.

Imawoneka ngati mphukira wautali woonda wokhala ndi masamba ndi inflorescence. Chifukwa chake kutchuka kwake ngati chomera chokongoletsera chomera m'munda, m'nyumba.

Kufotokozera kwa nkhumba

Nkhumba imatulutsa mphukira zambiri, imakula ndikuchuluka mpaka kufika mamita 2-3. Chifukwa cha izi, itha kukhala wamkulu mu mtundu uliwonse:

• muyezo womangidwa ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ndi chomata pamwamba;
• zokulirapo, wokhala ndi nthambi zoterera pansi pamphika;
• lianiform wokhala ndi mphukira yoluka, yoyenera kuswana mu nyengo yotentha.

Pa mitengo ikuluikulu, timapepala tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi timitu tiwiri timayikidwa mosiyanasiyana. Iliyonse ya iyo ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana oyanjana pansi ndi m'mphepete yolimba, ndikufika kutalika kwa 5-12 mm. Nthawi zina pamtunda pawo pakhoza kukhala villi yaying'ono. Pambuyo kupsa mumtundu wina, utoto wobiriwira wofika pansi pa tsambawo umaziririka ndi utoto woyera.

Zimayambira ndizovala korona wamkulu ndikufanizira ndi masamba, mpaka 30 mm mulifupi. Ma corollas asanu-peteled amayikidwa chikho chowonda cha tubular, momwe mumakhala ovary yam'madzi. Pa tsinde palokha, amasonkhana pachimake kapena ngati chowoneka ngati nthangala, chophimba tchire lonse.

Mphukira iliyonse imakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi tamatulu tambiri. Mbewuzi zilinso ndi gluten yofananira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigawidwa kudzera mbalame ndi tizilombo.

Maluwa amatengedwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka Seputembala, kenako amawombera. Pamene zipsa, zipatso zooneka ngati ovoid zimaphulika kuyambira pansi mpaka pamwamba, ndikutulutsa mbewu. Wokhala ngati khutu

Mitundu yotchuka ya nkhumba

Mitundu ya plumbago ya mtunduwu imakhala ndi mitundu 10, ndipo yambiri mwa iyo ndi yoyenera kokha chifukwa cha nyengo yotentha. Mitundu iwiri yayikulu mwakhalidwe:

• Auricular kapena Cape (Plumbago auriculata, capensis) wobadwira ku South Africa, ndiwofala kwambiri kuposa ena. Ali ndi maluwa akuluakulu abuluu omwe amasonkhanitsidwa maambulela inflorescence. Mitundu yofewa yobiriwira imatalika mpaka 7 cm komanso 3 cm mulifupi. Imakhala pa mphukira zazitali zazitali komanso zobiriwira, zomwe pafupifupi sizimakhazikika ndikufika mamita 3-6. Imatha kumera mu zitsamba, kumakula mu mawonekedwe a ampel kapena kupindika pansi. Palinso mitundu yake, yomwe mwa iwo ndi "Alba" yomwe ili ndi matalala oyera ngati chipale komanso "Royal Cape" yokhala ndi cobalt.
• Indian pink (Plumbago indica) ndi mbadwa ku Southeast Asia. Ku India, kulimidwa m'minda paliponse, komanso m'maiko ena ndizochepa kwambiri. Amasiyana m'maluwa amtundu wa maluwa ofiira owala ndi ma corollas mpaka 3 cm. Zimapanga zokwawa zimakula mpaka 1.5-2 m kutalika, ndipo masamba owala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pa iwo amafika masentimita 8 mpaka 13. Utoto umatsika nthawi yozizira, ndipo amafunika kukonzedwa mofatsa nthawi imeneyi.

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=0dw6_KEhcy0

Malangizo Akuthengo Ndi Kutetemera Kwa Nkhumba

Kusamalira nkhumba kunyumba kumaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• Zowunikira ziyenera kukhala zowala, zowala ndi dzuwa mwachindunji kuyambira nthawi yophukira mpaka masika komanso zotchingira kuwala kuchokera kwa iwo mchipinda chotentha. M'chilimwe, ndibwino kupita ndi duwa kupita kukhonde kapena kumunda, mpweya wabwino, komanso nthawi yozizira kuti ikonzenso pawindo lakumwera.
• Kutentha kumafunikira mosamala, mkati mwa 18 ... +24 ° C. Ikatsitsidwa kuti ikhale +12 ° C, masamba ake amayamba kugwa, ndipo ndikachulukitsa, mpweya kapena kupopera kumafunikira. M'nyengo yozizira, matenthedwe amatha kuchepetsedwa kufika + 10 ... +15 ° C kwa mitundu ya Cape, kutulutsa kuyambira Epulo mpaka Seputembara.
• Kuyambira Juni, kuthirira kumayenera kukhala kochulukirapo, mpaka katatu pa sabata, ndipo moisturizer ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo pambuyo maluwa - kutsanulira pamene dziko likuluma, koma sabata.

Motsogozedwa ndi malamulowa, nkhumba imatha kulimidwa pawindo komanso m'munda, m'machubu kapena m'miphika yopachika. Mpweya wabwino ndi wofunikira kwambiri kwa iye, womwe uyenera kukumbukiridwa panthawi yamasamba.

Nthawi yonseyi, kuzizira komanso kupumira nthawi zonse, ngakhale pang'ono, kumakhala kovomerezeka, zomwe ndi bwino kupita pang'onopang'ono.

Thirani, dothi, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira

Plumbago amadziwika kuti ndi osatha komanso obiriwira chaka chonse. Kuti ikule, ndikofunika kuiika kukhala dothi latsopano chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa masika, osachepera zaka. Duwa lakale, limasinthidwa pafupipafupi katatu pachaka, ndikuwusintha ngati pakufunika. Nthawi yomweyo, kulumikizana ndi ma rhizome kuyenera kupewedwa ndipo malo apamwamba okha ndi omwe angasinthidwe. Wapinki waku India

Potere, dothi liyenera kukhala ndi ngalande zabwino, acidic yochepa komanso yokhala ndi michere yambiri. Kuti mupeze izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi la maluwa omwe amatulutsa dothi, peat ndi mchenga malinga ndi 2: 1: 1, mwina ndi humus.

Kubzala nkhumba ndi gawo lankhondo chabe, koma kuti muwonetsetse mitundu yowala ndi ma inflorescence okongola, muyenera kumadyetsa nthawi zonse. Ndizoyenera kuchita izi pakukulira, kusakaniza feteleza m'madzi kuthirira kangapo pamwezi, malinga ndi malangizo.

Nthawi yomweyo, zovala ndi mitundu yonse yazomera zamaluwa okongola ndizoyenera.

Kuonetsetsa kukongoletsa ndi kuphatikizika, komanso maluwa ambiri, kudulira ndikofunikira. Iyenera kupangidwa mochedwa kumapeto kwa mvula kapena kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndi bwino muFebruary kapena Marichi, mpaka palibe masamba atsopano malinga ndi mtundu wa kulima:

• mu ampel mawonekedwe, ma liana amangofupikitsa pang'ono, kuwaletsa kuti asatambule kwambiri;
• mukamagwiritsa ntchito zogwirizira, ndiye kuti nsonga zokhazo zokha ndizomatikizika, zomwe zimamangidwa;
• Kuti mupange chitsamba, chepetsa kutalika konsekomwe komwe kwatulutsidwa pamalowo.

Nthawi yomweyo, nthambi zofowoka komanso zakakhungu zimachotsedwa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwamphamvu. Potsala, siyani mphukira zamphamvu za 3-4 zomwe zikukula kuchokera pakati, ndi zina zonse pa 2/3 ya kutalika, kusiya masamba awiri awiri. Pofuna kukonza kapena kubwezeretsa, chitsamba chimadulidwa kwambiri, ndikudula nthambi zonse mpaka 30 cm.

Njira ina yovomerezeka ndikudula masamba akamapukuta, ndikuchotsa mapesi a maluwa kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Kuswana

Chomera chokongoletsera cha banja la Piglet ndi chokhalitsa, ndipo m'malo abwino chikhala pafupifupi zaka 7. Kubala kwake kumachitika mu njira zotsatirazi:

• Zodulidwa zotalika masentimita 8, kudula nthawi yakadulidwa, zimabzalidwa mumtsuko wokutira kuchokera pamwamba. Amatengedwa kupita kumalo abwino, amawasunga ndi kutentha kwa +15 ° C ndipo nthawi zina amalira. Kusakaniza kwa peat ndi mchenga kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo laling'ono, lomwe limayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse. Zimatenga milungu 2-3 kuti muzu, pomwe mphukira zimayamba kukula.
• Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe imabzalidwa mchidebe chokhala ndi gawo lonyowa kuchokera ku dothi ndi mchenga. Chophimba chapamwamba ndi filimu kapena mtsuko wagalasi, ndipo kwa milungu 1.5-2 muziyika malo otentha ndi kutentha kwa +20 ° C. Idumphira m'madzi masamba angapo akuwonekera pansi.

Kukongoletsa tchire sikuwoneka mwachangu, ngakhale masamba oyamba amatha kuwoneka kale chaka chino mutabzala maluwa. Wapinki waku India

Matenda, tizirombo ta nkhumba, mavuto akukula

Nkhumba imakhala yolimbana ndi matenda, komabe mavuto ena akuyenera kuopedwa:

• kuthirira kwamadzi m'nyengo yozizira kumatha kubweretsa mizu;
• pamthunzi wolimba, mphukira zidzayamba kutambasuka, ndipo masamba adzachepa kukula;
• Kuyanika dothi kumayambitsa kuyimitsa maluwa, kufota;
• kuthirira kosasangalatsa kumakwiyitsa masamba a tsamba.

Sichivutika ndi tizilombo, koma mlengalenga, zina mwa izo zimayambitsa:

• Spider nthata mu mawonekedwe a translucent cobwebs, chifukwa masamba ake amayamba kugwa, amakhala pansi. Kuti muthane nawo, kuphatikizira ndi chithandizo cha muzu ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Fitoverm, Antikleshch) amafunika, ndipo umayambira kulowetsedwa kwa yarrow, adyo kapena anyezi.
• Zakala zimapanga malo owoneka ofiira m'mbali mwa tsamba. Madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi dothiwo amapukutidwa, ndiye amakongoletsedwa ndi Karbofos.
• Ma nsabwe za m'masamba, nyongolotsi za ufa zomwe zimadya pa masamba ochokera kumitengo, zimawoneka kochepa.

Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti tizilombo nthawi zambiri zimakhudza chomera chopanda thanzi, chouma ndi ludzu kapena kufota m'chipinda chodulira. Sichingavulaze chitsamba chathanzi lokha ngati muchiza ndi mankhwala apadera panthawi yake.