Zida zopangidwa ndi chisanu zimakonda kwambiri pakati pa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe komanso okhala m'midzi kwa zaka zambiri. Ndipo sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mwiniwake wa dacha akukumana ndi vuto la kuchotsedwa kwa chisanu m'nyengo yozizira.
Inde, izi zikhoza kuchitidwa pamanja, zokhala ndi fosholo, koma zidzatenga nthawi yochuluka ndipo zidzafuna khama.
Chinthu chinanso ndi kugula chophimba chachitsulo chapadera, ngati chiripo. Koma ngati zolingazo sizitengera kugula, ndiye wopanga nsapato, wopangidwa ndi manja ake mwiniyo mothandizidwa ndi chida chakale cha injini, chomwe chimakhala chogwiritsidwa ntchito mugalaji iliyonse, chingathandize. Momwe mungachitire zimenezi, ndipo tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Makina oyambirira oyendayenda a chisanu anapangidwa ku Canada. M'chaka cha 1870, Robert Harris, yemwe ankakhala mumzinda wa Dalhousie (New Brunswick), anapatsidwa makina ovomerezeka. Harris anaitanitsa galimoto yake "Yogwiritsa ntchito njanji yotchedwa Railway screw snow" ndipo anaigwiritsa ntchito poyeretsa chipale chofewa pa njanji.
Kuwala kwachisanu ndi chipale chofewa - ndi chiani
Pofuna kupanga wokonza chipale chofewa ndi manja anu, m'pofunika, choyamba, kumvetsetsa kayendedwe ka njira zake zazikuru. Lilime lililonse la chisanu limakhala ndi chinthu chimodzi chofunikira - Mphukirayi, yomwe ili mkati mwa thupi losungunuka. Chowongolera ndi ndodo (shaft), pambali ya longitudinal yomwe imakhalapo pamwamba pake. Mthunzi umasinthasintha pa zimbalangondo ndipo motero umayendetsa mpweya. 
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chipale chofewa
Mwa njira yoyeretsa chipale chofewa, makina a chisanu amagawidwa gawo limodzi lokha (piritsi) ndi magawo awiri (zowonongeka).
Kodi makina a singleger stage amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito gawo limodzi kapena lachipale chapager ndilokuti raking, kudaya ndi kugwa kwa chisanu kumachitika kokha chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa mvula. Ndipo pali phokoso lopweteka komanso losalala bwino la mphutsi: yosalala - yoyeretsa chipale chofewa; chingwe - chophimba chophimba chipale chofewa.
Makina opunthira, monga lamulo, ali owala kusiyana ndi kuwombera ma rotors ndipo sangakhale okha-okha. Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mafosholo omwe amayenera kukankhidwira patsogolo, ndichifukwa chake amatenga chisanu ndikuponyera kumbali. Chipale chofewa chimayendetsedwa ndi injini yamagetsi kapena mafuta (kupweteka kwapadera kapena kupha anayi). Makinawa ndi abwino chifukwa ndi ovuta kugwira ntchito, ophwanyika komanso otsika mtengo. 
Mfundo ya makina awiri
Pakati pa siteji, kapena kupalasa, chipale chofewa chimakhala ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Gawo loyamba la mapangidwe ake limapereka kuti chisanu chikhale chokongoletsedwa ndi aperger; gawo lachiwiri - kutsekemera kupyolera mu chute kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito rotor yapadera - kutuluka kwa mpweya.
Zilonda za mtundu woterewu zimapangidwa ndi ndondomeko ya phokoso lamatabwa, losalala. Zojambulazo zikhoza kukhala zitsulo kapena zitsulo, mphira, pulasitiki, zitsulo-zowonjezeredwa, malingana ndi chipale chofewa kapena kudzipangira.
Mphepete mwa chipale chofewa mu makina awiri ozungulira rotary makina amachokera ku masamba atatu mpaka asanu ndipo angapangidwe ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, malingana ndi kukula kwa ntchito yomwe iyenera kuchita. Izi zikhoza kukhala pulasitiki (zopangira zosavuta) kapena zitsulo (chifukwa cha ntchito yochuluka kwambiri). 
Zozizira za DIY - kumene mungayambe
Pofuna kupanga mapulani a chipale chofewa ndi manja anu, choyamba muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa chipangizo, pogwiritsa ntchito zosowa zina. Mukhoza kumangapo gawo limodzi ndi magawo awiri. Ngati mumakhala kumalo omwe chipale chofewa chimakhala chosavuta, ndiye kuti makina opangira zida adzakwanira. Kwa anthu okhala m'deralo, omwe ali ndi nyengo yowonjezereka, "wowolowa manja," mudzafunika kapepala kakang'ono ka chisanu cha rotary.
Kusankha injini: magetsi kapena mafuta
Malingana ndi mtundu wa injini yamapiko a snowplows ndi magetsi ndi mafuta. Makina okhala ndi galimoto yamagetsi apangidwa kuti agwire ntchito pafupi ndi nyumba ndi kumalonda. Zizindikiro za chisanu cha magetsi zimangolima kuti iwo ali olemera kwambiri kuti azigwiritsa ntchito, koma osasinthika mosavuta. Mitengo ya petrol pa makina a chisanu amaonedwa kuti ndi opindulitsa kwambiri, komabe, mtengo wawo ndi kukonzekera ndalama, motero, ndi apamwamba. Choncho, chisankhocho chidzadalira kuti ndi ntchito yanji yomwe imapangidwe ndi chipale chofewa. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mutasankha chisankho cha mvula yamagetsi, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuganizira kuti waya wanyumba wanyumba pamphepete mwa mpweya umakhala wovuta ndipo umatayika. Choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za mtundu wa PGVKV, KG-HL, SiHF-J kapena SiHF-O.
Kuika injini kapena kugwiritsa ntchito tiller
Sitimayo yosankha injini ikhoza kugwedezeka ngati mwaganiza kupanga kapangidwe kake pa injini: unit yomweyo idzagwira ntchitoyi.
Ngati galimoto ili ndi injini ya mafuta, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito injini yoyaka moto yomwe imatha kutengedwa kuchokera ku fakitale yakale ya motoblock kapena ya udzu. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya 6.5 l / s idzakwanira. Zopangidwe zimapereka kukonza injini pa nsanja yotulutsira mwamsanga, kuti ikwaniritse kukonza ndi kukonzanso, ngati kuli kofunikira. Tikulimbikitsanso kupanga kuyambika kwa injini, kuyambira pakuika jenereta ndi betri, kulemera kwa makina kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zidzasokoneza mosavuta komanso zovuta kuyendetsa galimoto.
Mukhoza kumanga chipale chofewa pa magetsi. Pankhani iyi, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti njirayi imachepetsa makina a makina. Kuwonjezera apo, magetsi amagetsi amawopa chinyezi, kotero ndilololedwa kuti iwo aziyika kutsika kwamadzi koyambirira. 
Momwe mungapangire chipale chofewa ndi manja anu omwe
Manyowa a chipale chofewa ali ndi zinthu zotsatirazi zovomerezeka: galasi lamagudumu (ndodo yowonjezera), injini, tani yamoto (ngati galimoto ili ndi injini yotentha mkati), chidebe chogwira chipale chofewa kapena tsamba limodzi ndi zitsogozo (skis) ndi chitoliro chachisanu cha chisanu. Ndikofunika kupereka kuti mapulaneti a chisanu a mtsogolo adakhazikitsidwa pa nsanja yosavuta komanso yamphamvu nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi mungapange bwanji chipale chofewa motoblock
M'nyengo yozizira, woyendayenda angagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa chisanu. Njira yosavuta yosonkhanitsa matalala a mvula ndi thandizo lachitsulo chapadera chopangidwa ndi fakitale. Komabe, amisiri aluso amalangiza kuti asamawononge kwambiri pa bubu la fakitale, koma kuti asonkhanitse chipale chofewa cha motoblock ndi manja anu kuchokera ku zipangizo zomwe zilipo ndi zipangizo zopumira. Pali njira zitatu zowonetsera chipale chofewa zothandizira kumayenda-kumbuyo kwa thirakitala. 
Njira yoyamba ndiyo izi ndi maburashi osinthasinthazomwe ziri zoyenerera kwa chisanu chatangoyamba kumene, komanso malo omwe pali kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa malo okongoletsera a malo. Maburashi amenewa amamatira pansi pa denga la zowonongeka; umtunda wawo umatha kufika mamita 1. Mukhozanso kusintha momwe mungagwirire mbali zitatu: kutsogolo, kumanzere, kumanja.
Chigawo chachiwiri cha chisanu cholima motoblock - iyi ndi fosholo yokhala ndi mipeniyoyenera kwa chisanu cha kale. Choyamba chonchi chikugwirizana ndi chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito ndi chida chozungulira. Pansi pa fosholo ili ndi mphira kuti zisawonongeke pamwamba ndi fosholo yokha. Chipale chofewa choterechi chimagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono cha mini-bulldozer: chimatulutsa chisanu, chimachigwira ndikuchichotsa pamtambo. Kuphatikizana kwa chigwirizano pa nthawi kumakhalanso mamita 1.
Komabe, chotsatira kwambiri chochotsa chipale chofewa kwa kuyenda-kumbuyo terekita ndi mvula yotentha yachitsulo. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za kapangidwe ka bubuchi ndizopangidwa mozungulira ndi gudumu. Kusinthasintha, imatenga chisanu, chomwe chimasunthira mmwamba mothandizidwa ndi gudumu. Kudutsa chisanu chapadera, chisanu chimaponyedwa kutali kuposa malowa. Imeneyi ndipamwamba kwambiri pamphuno, yomwe imakulolani kutenga chipale chofewa mpaka masentimita 25.
Tsopano ife tiyang'ana pa ndondomeko yothandizira ndi ndondomeko pa momwe mungapangire otsutsa a chisanu ndi chojambulidwa cha mtundu wa rotary ndi manja anu. Mapangidwewo ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi zitsulo zamkati mkati. Mungagwiritse ntchito kumapeto kwazitsulo kapena kumadzipanga nokha.
Choncho, kuti mutembenukire mthunzi wa auger, gwiritsani ntchito zowonjezeretsa No. 203. Zowonongeka kwa aperger zimapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndipo zimakwera pambali mwa chisanu ndi ziboliboli, zomwe ziyenera kuyimitsidwa ndi mtedza. Ngoma yomwe rotor ikuyendayenda ikhoza kupanga ndi chophimba cha aluminium cha malita 20: chiyenera kumamatiridwa ndi khoma lakumbuyo la mlanduyo ndi mpikisano wokhala ndi mamita 4 mm.
Mpheteteti ya snowstrower imayendetsedwa kupyolera mu makina a adapta kudzera kumbuyo kutsogolo kwa mphamvu yamagalimoto. Ngati chiwombankhanga chowombera chipale chofewa chinagulidwa mu mawonekedwe omaliza, ndiye adapters omwewo akuphatikizidwa nawo. Ngati bubuli likupangidwa ndi dzanja, muyenera kuigula.
Muyeneranso kupanga kayendedwe kanthawi, kamene kamasamutsidwa kuchoka ku motoblock kupita ku chipale chofewa. Lamba la A-100 ndi pulley lomwe lakonzedwera ndiloyenera kwa izi. Choncho, pogwiritsa ntchito V-belt coupling, mphutsi imatuluka kuchokera ku injini mpaka pamtunda wa galimoto yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mutu wa chisanu. 
Ndikofunikira! Zovala zimayenera kusankha kutsekedwa, m'pofunika kuchotsa kugunda kwa chisanu mwa iwo.
Idzidzimadzimadzimadzimadzi:
Tiyeni tsopano tione momwe tingapangire chotupa, chimango, komanso zowonjezera zowonjezera zofunika kwa wodula chipale chofewa, atasonkhana ndi manja ake.
Kwa ichi muyenera kuphika:
- pepala lachitsulo kapena bokosi lachitsulo kuti apange screw ndi thupi lake;
- chitsulo chosanjikiza 50x50 mm kwa chimango - 2 ma PC.;
- plywood 10 mm wandiweyani mbali zina;
- chitoliro chachitsulo chogwiritsira ntchito snowthrower (0.5 mm inch kukula);
- Pomba wamakilomita ¾ kuti apange shaft shaft.
Kuchokera pamene mphikawo umasinthira pazomwe zimapanga zokhazokha No. 205, amafunikanso kuikidwa pa chitoliro. Pulogalamu ya pulasitiki yomwe ili ndi mamita 160 mm, yomwe imayikidwa pa chitoliro chimodzimodzi ndipo imayikidwa mwachindunji pamtundu wa auger, idzakhala yoyenera kutaya chipale chofewa.
Kuti mupange screw for snowstrower yourself, muyenera:
- kudula kuchokera ku chitsulo chokonzekera 4 madontho;
- ma diski amadula pakati ndi kuguguda;
- weld pamtima pa chitoliro magawo anayi a diski, pa imodzi ndi mbali inayo;
- pamphepete mwa zitoliro zonyamula mapaipi.
Makinawa ndi okonzeka kugwira ntchito.
Malangizo opanga chipale chofewa chitani nokha
Kuti chipale chofeweka chikhalire kuti chikhale wodalirika wothandizira banja ngati momwe mungathere, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ena:
- Sizingakhale zodabwitsa kuwonjezera zitsulo zapadera zoteteza chitetezo kapena makina opangira makina kuti zisawononge zidutswa zamadzi kapena miyala kulowa mu injini;
- sankhani mapangidwe apamwamba, pamene iwo ali ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kukhazikika kwa chipale chofewa;
- mukasankha galimoto, perekani kukonda m'malo molimba, chifukwa pali mwayi woti mbali zowonongeka zimatha kupanikizika ngati miyala kapena ayezi akugunda;
- chisanu kulima motoblock kumafuna kusungirako kutentha m'nyengo yozizira. Izi zimathetsa kufunika kokhala ndi nthawi yotenthetsa injini;
- nthawi ndi nthawi perekani mafuta pa bokosi la galasi; m'nyengo yozizira, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ambiri, chifukwa kutentha kwake kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri.
