Capsicum yaku Latin imamasulira ngati thumba. Adatchulidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mwana wosabadwayo. Chomera chodabwitsa ichi ndi cha banja la nightshade. Ndipo ngakhale imatchedwa capicum kapena tsabola wa masamba, ilibe chochita ndi banja la tsabola.
Kwawo - madera a South ndi Central America. Ngakhale a Mayans akale ndi Aztec anali kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zokometsera m'malo mwa mchere, panthawiyo osadziwika.
Kufotokozera kwa kapisamu
Mtengowo ndi tchire laling'ono la pachaka kapena losatha lokhala ndi zipatso zowala kuyambira kubiriwira mpaka kufiira kwambiri, ngakhale kosauda. Maluwa oyera, ofiirira amapezeka m'chilimwe (pafupifupi 3 cm kukula). Masamba ndi okongola, obiriwira obiriwira. Kuphatikiza kwawo kosiyana ndi zipatso zowala kumapereka chitsamba choyambira ndi kukongoletsa.
Mitundu ya capicum
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya kapisolo. Amasiyana kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu, komanso zipatso.
Magulu otchuka kwambiri amitundu yobzala pakhomo:
| Onani | Kufotokozera, kutalika | Masamba | Zipatso Lawani |
| Pachaka (chilli) | Wotchuka kwambiri. 1.5 m | Wopanga mawonekedwe, wobiriwira. | Kuyambira chikasu mpaka kufiyira, kutalika kapena kutalikirana. Zokoma kapena zotentha. |
| Cayenne | Osayamba. 30 cm - 1,2 m. | Mtundu wa botolo lonyezimira. | Choyera, chofiirira, chofiirira, kakang'ono kakang'ono (osapitirira 5 cm), chamtunda. Kuyaka. |
| Wachichaina | Osapitirira 50 cm. | Chooneka ngati dzira, yobiriwira. | Mitundu ndi masaizi osiyanasiyana. Kuyaka. |
| Chapescent | Pafupifupi mamita 4 - Amakhala ngati munthu wazaka. | Mtundu wobiriwira wakuda, wowongoka. | Chepetsani, kufupikitsidwa. Kuyambira golide mpaka bulauni. Lakuthwa. |
| Berry | Osayamba. 2 m | Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukula mowongoka. Kuyaka. | |
| Waku Mexico (Wokondedwa Wokondedwa) | Compact 30-50 cm. Mosasamala nyengo yanji, imapereka maluwa ndi zipatso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukhwima. | Kuyambira ndimu yofiyira. Kuthwa kwambiri. | |
| Salsa | Osayamba. 50 cm | Chachikasu, chamtondo, chofiyira. Miniature. Soyenera kudya. |
Kusamalira Capsicum Kunyumba
Mukamasamalira zitsamba, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo ena.
| Parameti | Zamkatimu | |
| Kasupe / chilimwe | Kugwa / yozizira | |
| Malo / Kuwala | Imamverera bwino kumwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo. Dzuwa lowala litakutidwa ndi zinthu zowoneka bwino. | |
| Kutentha | + 22 ... +25 ° C. | + 16 ... +20 ° C. Pansi pa +12 ° C amapha. |
| Chinyezi / Kutsirira | Osalola kuyanika dothi. Spray tsiku lililonse. Ikani madzi kutentha kwa firiji. | |
| Zochulukirapo, ikani mu thireyi ndi dothi lonyowa. | Palibe kuwunikira kowonjezereka, pang'ono. | |
| Dothi | Magawo ofanana: dimba, tsamba, turf dziko, mchenga. | |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wama mineral. | |
| 2 m'masiku 30. | 1 nthawi yofanana. Palibe kuwala kwakuthupi komwe kumafunikira. | |
Thirani
Capsicum sakonda kusokonezedwa, koma kasupe aliyense chomera chimayenera kuti chiziikidwa mumphika waukulu, kuti chitembenuzenso mphamvu pakukula kwa mizu, m'malo motambasuka. Ndikwabwino kuzichita mchaka. Pambuyo masiku atatu, muyenera kumudyetsa.
Kudulira
Kupititsa patsogolo kukula ndikupanga chitsamba chokongola, capicum imadulidwa, koma osapitilira theka. Kuti muwonjezere zipatso, kutsina masamba achichepere.
Kuswana
Makutu ake amapangidwira ndikudula ndi mbewu.
Mbewu zimamera kumapeto kwa dzinja ndi koyambirira kwa kasupe pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsatirawu:
- Zilowerere kwa maola awiri mu yankho la epin kapena potaziyamu permanganate.
- Kufalitsa mu chidebe ndi kuphimba ndi filimu.
- Dumphira pakatha kuwonekera masamba atatu.
- Sonyezani kuyatsa kwabwino, + 20 ... +25 ° C.
- Kuyembekezera zipatso kwa zaka 2-3.
Chomera chimafalikira ndikudula kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena chilimwe. Pa gawo loyambirira, osakaniza perlite kapena peat wokhala ndi mchenga wonyowa (1: 1) amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo mizu ikamera, kubzala kumachitika mu gawo lapansi la sod, humus ndi mchenga (1: 2: 1). Tsinani kangapo kuti chikule.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo posamalira capicum, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Nthawi zambiri duwa limalowetsedwa ndi tizilombo ndipo limadwala chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino.
| Kuwonetsera | Chifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Aphid, kangaude mite. | Mpweya wouma, mpweya wabwino. | Chitani ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Aktara, Actellik). |
| Mealybug | Chinyezi chachikulu. | |
| Maluwa, kugwa maluwa, masamba owonda. | Kupanda chinyezi. | Onjezerani kuchuluka kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi pafupipafupi. |
| Kutaya masamba m'nyengo yozizira. | Kupanda kuwala. | Gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira zowonjezera. |
| Kukula. | Zakudya zopanda mafuta kapena kuyatsa kosakwanira. | Dyetsani kapena perekani zowunikira zabwino. |
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kumudzi kwawo amadziwitsa kuti: capicum ndi mtengo wothandiza komanso wokongola
Chomera cha masamba ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zonunkhira pophika, komanso popanga mankhwala mu pharmacology. Pamaziko ake, pangani njira yopukusa chimbudzi, kuonjezera chilimbikitso. Zochita za gawo lomwe lili mbali ya tsabola wotentha - capsaicin, limawotcha mafuta, motero limagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchepetsa thupi. Komanso chomera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku homeopathy pochiza zotsatira za pachimake ndi matenda otitis media. Capsicum Tingafinye - oleoresin Tingafinye, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsulo choteteza.
