Nkhuku ndi turkeys, ndipo nthawi zina atsekwe ndi abakha, amadwala matenda osiyanasiyana a tizilombo. Ena a iwo amayankha bwino kuchipatala, ndipo ena samatero.
Gulu lachiwiri la matenda amenewa limaphatikizapo khansa ya m'magazi. Kuti akhoza kupha nkhumba zambiri za nkhuku.
Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda a tizilombo omwe amaphatikizapo kukula kwa maselo osapsa a machitidwe a erythropoietic ndi glycopoietic.
Matendawa angakhudze nkhuku zilizonse, koma nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu nkhuku ndi nkhuku. Monga lamulo, khansa ya m'magazi imakhala yotsika, koma zovuta zimakhalanso kotheka m'mwezi woyamba wa dzira.
Kodi mbalame ya m'magazi ndi yotani?
Vuto loyambitsa matenda a khansa ya nkhuku ndi nkhuku za mtundu uliwonse wa turkeys. Zambiri zotsutsana ndi matendawa zimawonekera mu mitundu ya nkhuku zanyama.
Asayansi otchuka F. Rolof, A. Moore, K. Canarini, E. Butterfield, ndi N. A. Soshestvenskiy anafotokoza mbalame mbalame kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Iwo anazindikira kuti mbalameyo imachulukitsa chiwindi, pang'onopang'ono imakula kuchuluka kwa leukocyte m'magazi.
Pambuyo pake, V. Ellerman ndi O. Bang anayamba kuphunzira za matendawa, omwe anamaliza maphunziro angapo pa matenda a nkhuku. Mpaka tsopano, ziweto zamakono zikuyang'ana ntchito yawo kuti zitsimikizidwe bwinobwino.
Mbalame ya khansa ya m'magazi ndi yamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphulika kwake kwadziwika m'mayiko 50 kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Ku Russia kokha nambala ya matenda odwala ndi 0.8%.
Matendawa amabweretsa mavuto aakulu azachuma chifukwa cha kuphedwa koyenera kwa mbalame yodalirika. Kuonjezera apo, odwala omwe ali ndi anthu, zokolola zimachepetsedwa kwambiri, kuberekanso kwa ng'ombe kumasokonezeka, komwe kumakhudzanso ndalama za famu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Causative wothandizira khansa ya m'magazi ndi Retrovirus ya RNA.
Amatha kutaya ntchito yake pa kutentha kwa 46 ° C ndi pamwambapa. Mukakwiya mpaka 70 ° C, kachilombo ka khansa kamakhala kovuta pambuyo pa theka la ora, pa 85 ° C - patapita zaka 10.
Komabe, kachilombo kameneka kamalola kulekerera. Pa kutentha kwa -78 ° C, izo zikhoza kukhala zotheka kwa chaka.
Zinawonedwa kuti retrovirus yomwe imayambitsa khansa ya m'magazi imagonjetsedwa ndi x-ray, koma imakhala yosakhazikika pambuyo pa kutulukira kwa ether ndi chloroform. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awononge malo.
Zochitika ndi zizindikiro
Pathogenesis ya khansa ya m'magazi sikumveka bwino.
Pakalipano, zimadziwika bwino kuti chitukuko cha matendawa chimasokoneza zonse zomwe zimachitika kuti maselo amadzimadzi azisasunthika, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa maselo ndi ziwalo zawo mu ziwalo zonse za mbalame zodwala.
Malinga ndi makina opangidwa ndi maselo, akatswiri amasiyanitsa lymphoid, myeloid, erythroblastic leukemia. Hemocytoblastosis ndi reticuloendotheliosis zimakhalansopo. Mitundu yonse ya khansa ya m'magazi imakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwezo pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame zam'mlengalenga.
Mbalame ndi odwala kachilomboka zimakhala ngati odwala matendawa.. Monga lamulo, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kusiyana ndi 5% mpaka 70%. Kaŵirikaŵiri izi ndi mbalame zazing'ono, monga momwe mbalame zoterozo zimachepetsera mofulumira ndi msinkhu.
Kuchokera m'thupi la mbalame zodwala, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kusungunuka ndi nyansi zofiira, mavu ndi mazira. Komanso, kachilombo ka HIV kamapatsirana nthawi zonse kudzera mzere wa amayi. Mafuta a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi atsekwe, sangathe kutumiza kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera ku testes kupita ku thupi lachikazi.
Kawirikawiri, khansa ya m'magazi imafalikira kudzera mu mazira omwe amawathira. Njira yotumizira matendawa ndi yoopsa, chifukwa pa nthawi yoyamba n'zovuta kumvetsa ngati achinyamata akudwala kapena ayi.
Mazira ochepa omwe amakhala ndi kachilomboka amatembenuka n'kukhala nkhuku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ena azikhala ndi madontho.
Zosokoneza
Chofunika kwambiri pa matenda a avian leukemia amachitidwa ndi kuyeza kwa ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa, chifukwa matendawa sakhala ovuta kukhazikitsa malinga ndi zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro.
Ponena za kufufuza kwa hematological, ndibwino kuigwiritsa ntchito m'gawo la minda yaing'ono. Mwamwayi, kuphunzira koteroko sikungakhoze kuchitidwa pa chiwerengero chachikulu.
Chofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze matenda a khansa ya m'magazi zofufuza za ma laboratory. Zachokera ku tanthauzo la antigen ya magulu a antigen a gulu la matendawa. Kudziwika kwawo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito RIF-test.
Kuchiza ndi Kuteteza
Mwamwayi, katemera wodwala khansa ya m'magazi siinapangidwe, nkhuku imapitiriza kufa chifukwa cha matendawa. Palinso chithandizo chapadera, choncho chinthu chokhacho chimene chimatsalira kwa obereketsa nkhuku ndi kusunga mosamala zitsulo zonse.
Pofuna kuteteza nkhuku zathanzi pa famu, nkofunika kugula achinyamata ndi kumwaza mazira pokhapokha kumapiri opindulitsa.
Komanso, onse ogula achinyamata ayenera kukhala opanda ngakhale zizindikiro zochepa za matendawa. Ayenera kukhala achangu ndi olimba.
Mbalame zonse zomwe zimakhala pa famu ziyenera kusungidwa bwino. Kufunikanso yang'anani mosamala chikhalidwe cha anthu odwala ndi ofooka. Ayenera kuthetsa matenda alionse omwe angasokoneze chitetezo cha mthupi mwa anthu ena ndipo amachititsa khansa ya m'magazi.
Nyenyezi yakufa kapena yosasamala mwachangu iyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi autopsy. Njirayi imakulolani kuti mudziwe zomwe mbalameyo idwala. Ngati apeza khansa ya m'magazi, banja lonselo liyenera kuwonjezeranso mankhwala enaake ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pa nthawi ya kupatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Okondedwa Milfleur nkhuku amafuna chidwi chapadera okha. Muyenera kudziwa momwe mungawasamalire.Pa adiresi //selo.guru/stroitelstvo/gidroizolyatsiy/fundament-svoimi-rukami.html mungapeze zipangizo zofunika kuti madzi asamadziwe madzi.
Zidzatha kufikira ntchito yomaliza ya malo onse atha. Pambuyo pake, famu ikhoza kutsekedwa kwa miyezi 1-2. Ngati maonekedwe a khansa ya m'magazi ayima, ndiye kuti aberekanso adzatha kugwira nkhuku.
Kutsiliza
Khansa ya m'magazi ndi matenda osachiritsika. Pakalipano, ziweto sizinathe kukhazikitsa katemera wathanzi umene ukhoza kupha wodwala matendawa.
Chifukwa cha ichi, obereketsa amafunika kuonetsetsa kugula nyama ndi mazira aang'ono, komanso kuti azikhala ndi mbalame yathanzi. Nthawi zina ngakhale njira zochepetsera zosavuta zimatha kuteteza nkhuku, nkhuku, atsekwe ndi abakha ku imfa.
