Nyama yamtchire, monga nthabwala yotchedwa bowa. Mapindu awo ndi osatsutsika, koma musanapite kunkhalangoko muyenera kupeza katundu wambiri wokhudza zachilendo. Kupatula apo, limodzi ndi bowa wabwino, palinso zoopsa.
Dziwani zomwe ali, kusiyana - ndikofunikira kuti musavulaze thanzi.
Magulu a bowa wapoizoni
Bowa amagawika m'magulu potengera zomwe amachititsa:
- kugaya chakudya thirakiti;
- kuwonongeka kwa chapakati mantha dongosolo;
- zotsatira zakupha.
Kufotokozera kwa bowa owopsa
Ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe bowa wapoizoni amawoneka, ndikutha kuwasiyanitsa ndi ena omwe amadya, omwe nthawi zambiri amawasenda.
Zofunika! Zithunzi zomwe zili patebulopo ndi zosinthika. Dinani kuti mukulitse.
| Mutu | Kufotokozera | Kutalika ndi dera la kukula | Zofanana ndi zomwe zimapezeka ndikusiyanitsa | Zithunzi zosiyanitsa |
| Pale toadstool | Chipewa: Mtundu ndi wachikasu, bulauni, maolivi obiriwira. Mawonekedwe ndi osalala, kapena ozungulira pang'ono, mwa ana - ovoid. Pansi pake pali mbale zoyera. Mwendo umakhala wautali, wotambasulidwa kumunsi, pamwamba ndi mphete yoyera yolimba. | Ogasiti - Seputembala. Mitengo yosakanizika, yosalala. Europe, Asia, North America, dera la Russia. | Champignon, greenfinch. Pulani pansi pa chipewa: |  |
| Ntchentche yofiira | Chipewa: mtundu wake ndi wofiyira wowala, akhoza kukhala lalanje. Maonekedwewo ndiwokhazikika mwa akulu, ozunguliridwa zazing'ono. Pamwambapa pamabzalidwapo timiyala toyera, timene timatsukidwa ndi mvula. Filimu yotalika miyendo, yoyera, yamtundu, kumbuyo. | Ogasiti - Okutobala Nthambi zosakanikirana, birch, spruce. Kutentha kwa kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, Europe, Asia, Australia, ku Russia ndizosangalatsa. | Kaisara. Chipewa, mwendo ndi mbale: Kaisara - yosalala, yachikaso; pabiri - imakutidwa ndi zophuka zoyera, zoyera. |  |
| Ntchentche yoyera | Mtundu wake ndi woyera. Chipewa ndi chozungulira kwa achinyamata, theka lotseguka kwa akuluakulu, mpaka 10 cm, ndi mphonje yaying'ono kumapeto. Mendo wawo ndi wofanana ndi silinda wamanja, wokhala ndi zotupa, mphete yokwera kumtunda. Ali ndi fungo la bulit. | Juni - Ogasiti. Madzi otentha komanso otentha kwambiri. Madera ofunda. | Kuyandama ndi imvi. Mphete ndi fungo losasangalatsa: mu ntchentche agaric - pali, mu kuyandama - palibe. |  |
| Galerina anakonza | Chipewa ndi tsinde ndi chikasu komanso zofiirira; achichepere amakhala ndi mphete ya membrane. Ndi zaka, chipewa chimakhala chosalala komanso chamdima. | Juni - Okutobala Nkhalango zabwino. North Hemisphere, Continental Asia, Australia, Caucasus. | Uchi agaric yophukira, chilimwe. Nyumba yachifumuyo ili ndi chipewa chakuda kwambiri, chopanda miyeso. |  |
| Salufa wachikasu uchi | Mahatchi: Mtundu wa imvi, chikasu pakati. Fomu ndi laling'ono (zosaposa 7 cm). Mwendo wopepuka, wosalala, wopindika. Mtundu wa zamkati ndi wopepuka wachikasu, kukoma kwake ndi kowawa, ndipo fungo ndilosasangalatsa. | Juni - Okutobala. Masango akuluakulu pamatanda owola. Europe, North America, ku Russia konse. | Uchi agaric yophukira, chisanu, chilimwe, imvi-lamellar. Zowoneka - pali filimu ya annular pamwendo, ma mbale pansi pa chipewa amakhala opepuka nthawi zonse. Zosasinthika - ma mbale ndi amtundu wachikaso, amada pakapita nthawi, palibe filimu. |  |
| Njerwa Red Uchi agarics | Chipewa: lalanje wowala, njerwa yofiira. Mawonekedwe a hemisphere, kenako lathyathyathya. Mphepete zopangidwa ndi zoyera. Mendo mpaka 10 cm, pamwamba chikasu, pansi brownish. Pamwambapo mutha kuwona mphete. | Juni - Okutobala. Magulu ankhaninkhani pamaponda, pamtengo wakufa, wotsalira pamitengo yopanda zipatso. Europe, North America, ku Russia konse. | Uchi agaric yophukira, chisanu, chilimwe. Zowoneka - pali filimu ya annular pamwendo, ma mbale pansi pa chipewa (tubular wosanjikiza) amakhala opepuka nthawi zonse. Zosasinthika - ma mbale ndi oyera-apinki, mutenga msanga mtundu wakuda ndi utoto wofiirira, palibe filimu. |  |
| Zausatana | Chipewa: Choyera choyera, chosasinthika. Gawo lakumunsi limakhala lachikasu, pakapita nthawi limakhala lofiira. Mendo wake ndi wokulira, wofanana ndi keg. Guwa ndi loyera, la pinki pafupi ndi maziko. Fungo ndi losangalatsa mwa achinyamata, putrid mu akulu. | Juni - Seputembara. Nkhalango zowola zokhala ndi dothi lopanda chonde. Kumwera kwa Europe, gawo la ku Europe kwa Russia, Caucasus, Middle East. | Choyera Pulp: yoyera - yoyera; mu zausatana - ndi zodulidwa, zofiira, kenako zamtambo. |  |
| Nyongo | Chipewa: mtundu wake ndi wachikaso, imvi, wosachepera zofiirira kapena wachikasu, wopepuka, wodera pang'ono. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ngati chiwongola dzanja, ndi nthawi. Mwendo wachikasu, mauna mawonekedwe a mikwingwirima yakuda. Guwa ndi lopepuka, pomwe limadula imasandulika yofiira, koma nthawi zina sasintha mtundu, imakhala yowawa, yopanda fungo. | Juni - Okutobala. Nkhalango zowongoka, zopatsa chidwi. Imakula m'malo okhala nkhalango kumayiko onse. | Choyera, boletus. Mesh pa mwendo: yoyera - yopepuka kuposa yayikulu, mu bile - yamdima. |  |
| Chingwe | Chipewacho ndi chowumbidwa ndi ma cone, chokhala ndi ming'alu ndi mamba, chadothi. Mtundu woyera, wofiyira pakati akuluakulu. Mbalezo ndi zofiirira, zofiirira. | Ogasiti - Seputembala. Nkhalango zowola, zabwino. Gawo la ku Europe la Russia, Western Europe, Caucasus, East Asia, North America, North Africa. | Champignon (wachichepere). Mphete pamwendo: champignon ali nayo, fayilo ilibe. Mtundu wa ufa wa spore: champignon - bulauni-wakuda, fibrous - wachikasu. |  |
| Govorushka lalanje (nkhandwe yabodza) | Chipewa: lalanje, ofiira amkuwa. Zojambula ndi mawonekedwe osalala. Phazi limachepa kumunsi, mpaka 10 cm. Kuguza kwake ndi koyera-kachikaso, fungo limakhala lokoma, losasangalatsa. | Julayi - Okutobala. Nkhalango zowongoka, zazing'ono. Gawo la ku Europe la Russia, Siberia, Primorsky Territory. | Chanterelle. Mtundu, chipewa, mwendo, kununkhira: chanterelle ili ndi chikasu chowala, chopindika, chosalala, champhepete mwamtambo, kusinthasintha kokhazikika, kununkhira kosangalatsa; mumalankhulidwe - chowala, kufikira kufikira kufiyira, kosalala, osalala, koonda, kosweka, kumapereka kuyera, kununkhira koyipa. |  |
| Pepper | Chipewa: Mtundu wochokera ku bulawuni wopepuka mpaka bulauni. Kapangidwe kake kali konsekonse, m'badwo umakhala wosangalatsa; mpaka 7 cm. Mwendo: mtundu wake ndiwopepuka kuposa wa mwendo. Mawonekedwe a silinda amachepera kumunsi. | Julayi - Okutobala. Nkhalango za paini zopindulitsa, zomwe sizimabala zipatso zambiri, zosakanikirana, zowola. Europe, gawo la ku Europe la Russia, North Caucasus, Siberia, Urals, Far East, chilumba cha Tasmania. | Flywheel, mafuta. Chipewa: chakudya - chofiirira, chosawoneka - chamdima, chofiyira. |  |
| Tsamba laukadaulo waluso | Chipewa: mtundu ndi waimvi, wobiriwira, wachikaso, wamaso owoneka ngati bulauni kapena pakati. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala koyambirira, kamakhala ndi zaka, ndipo nthumbu imakhalapo. Mbalezo zimakanikizidwa mwamphamvu mpaka mwendo, chikasu ndi mtundu wa greenish kapena lalanje. | Ogasiti - Seputembala. Nkhalango yosakanikirana komanso yosakanikirana. Europe, dera la Penza. | Greenfinch. Chipewa cha greenfinch chimakhala chowonekera kwambiri, mtundu wake ulibe utoto wachikasu. |  |
| Nkhumba | Chipewa: utoto wachikasu, chofiirira. Masanjidwewo ndiwoterera koyenda konsekonse komanso kakhonde kofiyira pakati, kansalu m'mbali. Mnofu ndi wapinki, kudula kumachedwa. | Julayi - Okutobala. Nkhalango zowola, zosakanizika, zofananira. Mu malo okhala nkhalango kulikonse. | Gruzdy. Thupi limakhala lopepuka, gawo lomwe limakhalabe lowala pakapita nthawi. |  |
Zambiri Zokhudza Ma Bowa A Poizoni
Pali zambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira.
Pale toadstool
Woimira wowopsa kwambiri. Chithandizo chamatenthedwe sichimawononga poizoni wake. Zizindikiro za poyizoni zimachitika patsiku lachiwiri ndipo, monga lamulo, zimatsogolera kuimfa.
Ngakhale mwamwambo akakhudza bowa wabwino, poizoni wake amapaka onse.
Ntchentche yofiira
M'banja la ntchentche agaric pali mitundu yambiri yomwe siikhala ndi poizoni: wosungulumwa, ovoid, imvi-pinki. Mtunduwu ndi bowa wakupha wakupha.
Zausatana
Bowa, wofanana ndi zoyera, umawonedwanso ngati wowoneka bwino, utatha kuwira kwakanthawi komanso kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma poizoni womwe uli momwemo ungakhalemo pang'ono, ndibwino kuti musayike khungu lanu pachiwopsezo.
Galerina anakonza
Bowa anali kugawidwa m'mapiri okha, koma tsopano akupitiliza kudziwa malo apakati pa Russia.
Zizindikiro zake ndi zofanana ndi poyizoni wamafuta. Kuwonetsedwa patsiku lachiwiri. Lachitatu, pakhoza kukhala kusintha kosawoneka, koma njira zowonongeka zikupitilirabe. Mulimonse momwe mungakhalire musamayeserere.
Ndikothekanso kusiyanitsa malo opangira zithunzi kuchokera ku bowa wa uchi pouma. Nthawi yomweyo, imazimiririka, mosiyana ndi yomwe imatha kudya.
Nkhumba
Bowa uyu adayambitsa mikangano mpaka 80s ya zaka za zana la 20. Tsopano amadziwika kuti ndi owopsa. Poizoni yemwe amafesedwa pang'onopang'ono amadziunjikira m'thupi, motero mavuto ake samachitika nthawi yomweyo.
Msuzi wofiyira njerwa
Bowa, yemwe, monga nkhumba, adayambitsa mikangano yambiri. Ku Russia, kuchokera ku poizoni adasamutsidwira ku gulu la nyama zikhalidwe. Ndipo ku Europe, Canada - kuti adye.
Njira Zopewera Poizoni
Ngati mukukayikira bowa, pali njira ziwiri zopewera mavuto, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa:
- Sambani, wiritsani kwa theka la ola, kukhetsa, nadzatsuka kangapo, ndibwino ngati madziwo akutha. Bwerezani magawo awiri mpaka atatu. Zinthu zapoizoni zimachoka ndi decoction.
- Muzimutsuka, kudula, chingwe pa ulusi, kupachika m'chipinda chofunda, chofunda, chowuma. Osamachita izi pama radiator kapena stovu. Poizoni amatulutsa.
Njira izi sizigwira ntchito zonenepa.
Zochita Zoopsa
Pazizindikiro zoyambirira za poyizoni, muyenera kuyitanitsa dokotala.
Asanabwere, thandizo loyamba liyenera kuperekedwa:
- Tsuka m'mimba: kumwa madzi ambiri (oposa lita) kapena tiyi wamphamvu; kuchititsa kusanza (mwa kukanikiza lilime pafupi ndi muzu momwe mungathere).
- Gona pansi.
- Ngati palibe kutsegula m'mimba, imwani mankhwalawa (1-2 g pa 1 makilogalamu).
- Imwani adalowetsedwa makala: (0.5-1 g pa 1 kg).
- Ikani chowotchera m'miyendo, mpaka m'mimba (kukonza magazi.
Sungani bowa kuti mudziwe zoyenera.
