Pelley - chisamaliro chakunyumba, chithunzi

Pelleta (Pellaea) ndi fern osatha, woimira banja la Sinopteridaceae. Dziko la pellet, kutengera mtundu wa mbewu, ndi malo otentha komanso India ndi China, mapiri ouma a South America, South Africa komanso New Zealand.

Mbewuyo ndi rosette wa masamba opindika. Amadziwikanso kuti wiami. Kutengera mtundu wa fern, masamba amatha kutsina, kuzungulira kapena kupitilira.

Masamba atsopano a pelvic fern amakula chaka chilichonse, m'malo mwa okalamba omwe akumwalira. Kukula kwakukulu ndi avareji. Munthawi zamkati zimamera mpaka 25-25 cm.Ngati ma fernense onse, mbewu siyimachita maluwa.

Zothandiza pa pellet

Ferns amayeretsa bwino mpweya mchipindacho, amatenga fumbi, formaldehyde ndi zinthu zina zoyipa kuchokera mipando, pansi, makhoma, ndi zina. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati mutayika chomera pafupi ndi kompyuta, ma microwave kapena TV, zimachepetsa kukula kwa ma radiation yamagetsi.

Zofunika! Pellet si yoopsa, koma anthu ena amatha kukhala osagwirizana ndi fern spores.

Pellaea: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Pellaea: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Amakhulupirira kuti kukulira pellet kunyumba ndikosavuta. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zopanda tanthauzo kwambiri. M'pofunika kusunga chinyezi chokwanira ndikuwunika momwe dothi lilili.

Kufalikira pellet

Pellet yakunyumba ndi fern. Zomera zotere zimaberekanso monga zokolola kapena zomera ndipo sizimaphuka.

Njira yotentha

Pellet salekerera kutentha. Kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe sikuyenera kupitirira 20-23 ^zaC (wozizira usiku). Ngakhale kumatentha kunja, chomera chimatha kunyamulidwa panja (pamakhonde kapena m'munda), chitakutidwa ndi dzuwa.

M'nyengo yozizira, onetsetsani kuti kutentha komwe kumagwa sikutsikira pansi pa 10 ^zaC. Malo oyenera kwambiri nyengo ino ndi 13-15 ^zaC.

Kuwaza fern pellet

Kunyumba, fern pellet amakonda mpweya wouma. Izi ndizosiyana ndi oyimira ena a ferns. Zimayankha bwino kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofewa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuwunika chinyezi cha nyengo yozizira pomwe mabatire apakati amayenda. M'nyengo yozizira yoposa 18 ^zaC, komanso kutentha kwa chilimwe, mbewuyo imatsanulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Njira imodzi yosungitsira chinyezi ndikuchita gulu. Zomera zingapo zimabzalidwa pagulu pafupi. Kuzungulira koteroko, mlengalenga umakhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu kuposa kuzungulira chomera chopanda ufulu. Mukamasankha magulu, muyenera kusamala ndikuwunika masamba osalimba. Chomera chimafuna malo.

Kuwala

Pellaea salekerera mthunzi kapena kuwala kowala. Mthunziwo umakula pang'onopang'ono, masamba ake amada. Kuchokera ku kuwala kolimba, masamba ofewa amapindika ndikutembenukira chikasu. Fern imakhala yomasuka pakuwunika kosayang'ana pawindo lakumadzulo, kumpoto kapena kum'mawa. Kuchokera pakuwala kwadzuwa, mbewuyo iyenera kuzunguliridwa ndi nsalu kapena pepala lowonekera.

Kuthirira fern pellet

Pakati pa kuthirira, nthawi yokhazikika imasungidwa kuti gawo lapansi lapansi limveke. M'chilimwe 2-3 nthawi sabata. Kukokomeza kukomoka kwa matope, makamaka nyengo yozizira, kukuwopseza kuti muvunda. M'nyengo yozizira, madzi osaposa nthawi 1 pa sabata.

M'malo mwa kuthirira kwachikale, njira yomiza imagwiritsidwa ntchito: mumphika womwe uli ndi chomeracho umamizidwa mu chidebe chamadzi mpaka dothi ndikusiyidwa kwa mphindi zingapo. Kenako tuluka ndikulola kukhetsa madzi ochulukirapo.

Zosangalatsa! Pellet ikhoza kuthiriridwa ndi madzi olimba.

Mphika wa pellet

Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mizu, ferns imalimidwa bwino m'miphika yayitali. Ndikothekanso kuyika mbewu mosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ikani mudengu lopachikika. Pellet sakonda miphika yayikulu kwambiri ndipo akukula pang'onopang'ono.

Uphungu! Kuti mizu isawonongeke, payenera kukhala dzenje lakutsikira pansi.

Dothi la fern pellet

Neutral kapena pang'ono zamchere. Dothi lokonzeka kupanga fern kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira ena ndizoyenera. Chofunikira kwambiri - dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, ndibwino kupititsa mpweya ndi madzi kumizu.

Nthaka yoyenera ikhoza kukonzedwa palokha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutenga peat ndi pepala pamtunda wofanana, onjezani makala ngati ufa wophika. Sphagnum moss yowonjezeredwa m'nthaka imasungabe chinyezi ndipo pang'ono ndi pang'ono imapatsa mizu. Kuti mupeze zamchere, miyala ya miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena dolomite imawonjezedwa pansi.

Ngati mumathira madzi pampopi ndi madzi apampopi, omwe amakhala ndi zamchere pang'ono, kuchepa kwa nthaka sikofunikira.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Gawo lokakamira chisamaliro cha pellet kunyumba ndikudyetsa pafupipafupi. Munthawi yamasamba akhama, ndiye kuti, kuyambira kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, mbewuyo imaphatikizidwa ndimakonzedwe ovuta amadzimadzi a fern kapena kukongoletsa deciduous. Pafupipafupi kuvala kwapamwamba - kamodzi pa masabata atatu.

Kukula kwathunthu, pellet ndi yokwanira theka la mlingo womwe wopangidwira mankhwala amapangira. Fern amayankha bwino atavala organic. Mwachitsanzo, mullein. M'nyengo yozizira, mbewuyo siidyetsedwa.

Thirani

Zomera zazing'ono zimagulidwa chaka chilichonse. Chidebe chatsopano chimasankhidwa kotero kuti ndi 1.5-2 masentimita lonse kuposa akale. Ma Ferns sakonda kutumiza pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chake, umachitika m'njira yofatsa kwambiri - kusinthana ndi kusungidwa kwa matope akale.

Pansi pa poto watsopano, madzi akumwa amatsanuliridwa. Kenako chomera chimakhazikika ndipo malo pakati pa mizu ndi makhoma a mphikawo amadzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Pambuyo pa njirayi, fern amathiriridwa madzi ndikuyika mumthunzi kwa masiku 5-7 kuti asinthidwe.

Mukabzala, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti pamwamba pa tsindeyo amakhalabe pamwamba pa nthaka.

Kudulira

Masamba akale owuma amachotsedwa nthawi zonse.

Nthawi yopumula

Palibe nthawi yotchulidwa. Mtengowo umakongoletsa chaka chonse. Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Seputembu, muchepetse kuthirira, musadyetse ndikuwongolera chinyezi cha mpweya mwa kupopera.

Kukula ma pellets kuchokera ku spores

Kubwezeretsanso kwa spores patsinde pa tsamba ndi njira yovuta:

1. Zouma zouma zoumbika zimagawidwa mu wosanjikiza pang'ono panthaka yomwe inakonzedwa kale.
2. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena kanema ndikuyika malo amthunzi. Kutentha kumasungidwa pamlingo wa 20-22 ^zaC.
3. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kobiriwira kobiriwira, nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi imathiriridwa mokwanira. Mutha kumiza madzi mumphika kwa kanthawi, kotero kuti madziwo amawagwera m'mabowo otulutsira madziwo mumphika ndikuphimba zikumera.
4. Mbande zomwe zimawonekera pambuyo umuna zakula ndikuzibzala mumiphika yosiyana.

Kubalana kwa Pellet mwakugawa

Pakusintha kwanyengo, masentimita angapo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mpweya wawukulu wachikulire ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Zomera zing'onozing'ono zimabzalidwa mumphika wofanana mpaka kukula. Chombocho chimakutidwa ndi kanema. Optimum kutentha kutengera zikhalidwe zatsopano 21-23 ^zaC. Komanso, pellet imatha kufalitsidwa ndikugawa chitsamba molingana ndi algorithm yofananira.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mavuto akulu ndi zovuta zomwe anakumana nazo posamalira ma pellets, ndi zomwe zimayambitsa:

• Masamba a pellet amasanduka achikasu - kuthirira kwam nthaka. Ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuthirira.
• Pelley wilts - Nthaka yonyowa kwambiri kutentha kochepa. Chotupa chiribe nthawi kuti chiume pakati pa kuthirira.
• Malekezero a masamba a pellet amatembenukira chikasu ndi youma - mpweya ndi wouma kwambiri. Muyenera kupopera mbewuzo kapena kusunthira kuchipinda chonyowa. Mwachitsanzo, kukhitchini. Masamba amatha kunyentchera ndi kugwa chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa nthaka kapena kutentha kwambiri.
• Masamba a pellet amatembenukira chikasu, amatembenuka, masamba awo - Kuwala kowala kwambiri. Ndikofunikira pritenit kuchokera ku dzuwa mwachindunji kapena kukonzanso pawindo lina. Kuwala kowala kumatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwa masamba pamasamba, kenako mawanga achikasu amawoneka, omwe pambuyo pake amasandulika bulauni.
• Masamba a pellet amada, mbewuyo imatambalala - Kuwala kokwanira.

Mwa tizirombo, pellet imakhudzidwa ndi kangaude, mealybug, scabard ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.

Mitundu ya ma pellets opangidwa ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pelaea rotundifolia (Pellaea rotundifolia)

Fern yaying'ono yokhala ndi masamba opindika mpaka mainchesi 30. Masamba ofiirira amapangika pawiri paliponse pa tsinde. Timapepala tating'ono timakhala tozungulira. Akamakula, amakhala ozungulira. Chimbalangondo chikufalikira.

Pellaea wobiriwira (Pellaea viridis)

Zofanana kwambiri ndi ferns zina. Masamba obiriwira opepuka okhala ndi mawonekedwe apansi a lanceolate. Ndi zaka, masamba amada. Ndodo zake ndi zakuda. Kutalika kwa masambawa kumafika masentimita 50. M'lifupi mwake mwake ndi mpaka 20 cm.