Koufea - kukula kwa nyumba ndi chisamaliro, mitundu yazithunzi ndi mitundu

Koufea (Cuphea) ndi chitsamba chokongola chophuka maluwa kuchokera ku banja la a Derbennikovye. Zomera zimayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kwazaka zambiri zachilengedwe, sizitha kupitirira 1.5m.Zachilengedwe, shrub ndilofalikira m'malo otentha komanso apakati a Central ndi South America, kwawo kwa cafe ndi Mexico.

Mtengowo umawoneka wabwino kwambiri m'minda yolumikizana ndi mitengo yabwino kwambiri. Ku Europe, tiyi tiyi timabzala m'maluwa akuluakulu amaluwa limodzi ndi maluwa apachaka. Posachedwa, ambiri olima m'matangamo amalima chitsamba monga mbewu ya pachaka. Kunyumba, malo odyera amakula mpaka 0.6 m.

Mavuto ang'onoang'ono amatha kuthandizira posamalira chomera: amafotokozeredwa ndi magwero ake otentha. Malo odyera amatulutsa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndikupanga timadzimadzi tokhathamira kapena pang'ono kumtunda kuposa mzere wa emarchi wamaluwa wamaluwa asanu ndi amodzi.

Onetsetsani kuti mwatchera khutu ku mbewu zabwino monga m'chiuno ndi diplases.

Zothandiza pa cafe

Kunyumba, mbewuyo imamera m'minda yayikulu. Kutengera ndi mbewu za kufei, mafuta acids amatengedwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga shampoos ndi mankhwala ena apakhomo. Koufey, malinga ndi akatswiri amisala, amathandiza kukhazikitsa ubale pakati pa anthu, kukhazikitsa ubale wabwino.

Chifukwa chake maluwa okhala ndi duwa nthawi zambiri amakongoletsa zipinda zamisonkhano ndi maofesi. Kunyumba, malo odyera amasintha mphamvu za chipinda, kubweretsa bata komanso chisangalalo.

Koufea: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Anthu omwe amazomera zamkati amadziwa: cufeira kunyumba imatha kukula bwino, ngati malo abwino atapangidwa:

Kusamalira malo ogulitsa khofi kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Koufea sikuti ndi chomera chokongola chokha, komanso chothokoza. Ngati tchire lidapangidwa bwino, lingasangalale chaka chilichonse.

Maluwa kafei

Pakati pa kasupe, maluwa a kufei amayamba. Uwu ndi mtundu wokongola komanso wautali womaliza kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Pa chitsamba, inflorescence zambiri kuchokera ku maluwa a tubular zimapangidwa. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana: ofiira, oyera, ofiira, ofiirira. Pakatikati mwa maluwa kamakhala pafupifupi 3 cm.

Maluwa amitundu yamitundu yonse ya khofi amapangidwa ndi miyala isanu ndi umodzi (yayikulu kwambiri mwaiwo ndi iwiri yapamwamba). Moyo wa duwa lirilonse ndi lalifupi, limachedwa msanga. Kuti apange inflorescence yatsopano kuoneka mwachangu, muyenera kuti ichotsedwe pa nthawi.

Chinsinsi cha chomera chokongola ndi chopanda maluwa ndi nyengo yabwino yozizira ndikubzala mumphika wolimba. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatso zoyambirira - zopindika - zimapangidwa.

Njira yotentha

Malo odyera opangidwa ndi nyumba ndi chomera cha thermophilic. Kuti mumere bwino maluwa ndi maluwa okongola, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kutentha ndi kusunga mbewuyo nthawi yachisanu kutentha kwa chipinda (pafupifupi + 18 ° C). M'nyengo yotentha, malo odyerawa amamva bwino + 23 - 25 ° C. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yozizira kutentha kwa thermometer sikugwe pansi + 12 ° C.

Chitsamba sichimalola kusintha koopsa mu kutentha ndi kukonzekera - imayamba kutaya masamba. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imatha kupititsidwa kukhonde kapena ku dimba ndikuyiyika pamalo otetezedwa ndi mphepo. Kunyumba, phukusi la maluwa limayikidwa kutali ndi chowongolera mpweya ndi zenera lotseguka.

Kuwaza

Kofeya kunyumba imakonda kumera chinyezi (kuchokera 65%) chinyezi. Izi ndichifukwa chachimera chotentha. Kusamalira tchire ndikupewa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizirombo, chinyezi chimawonjezeka.

Kuti muchite izi, utsi. M'chilimwe, njirayi imagwiridwa mpaka katatu pa sabata. Pambuyo kupopera, duwa liyenera kumetedwa. Pakutentha kwa nyengo yotentha, poto yokhala ndi chomera imayikidwa pa pallet ndimiyala yonyowa, yoyikidwa kutali ndi mabatire. Chidebe chamadzi chotseguka chimayikidwa pafupi ndi iye.

Kuwala

Chomera chokhala ndi mizu yotentha chimakula bwino ndipo chimaphuka bwino bwino ngati kuunikira kukonzedwa bwino. Chitsamba chimayikidwa pazenera kum'mwera chakum'mawa kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, monga zimafunikira kuti azisamalira malo odyera kunyumba. Mwakuwala kwambiri - pazenera lakumwera - m'mbali mwa masamba kutembenuka kofiyira.

Ngati padzakhala kuwala pang'ono - ndikadzayikidwa kumpoto kwa nyumbayo - malo odyera sadzaphuka, mphukira zake zimacheperachepera. Kuyika duwa pawindo loyang'ana kum'mwera, iwo amawukhazikitsa iwo masana otentha.

Kuthirira mabokosi

Mukakulitsa ma khofi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi silimafota. M'chilimwe, mbewuyo imafunikira chinyezi masiku onse anayi. Kuthirira mabokosi ayenera kukhala ochulukirapo kuti madzi ochulukirapo aturuke mumalowo.

Chinyezi chosasunthika chimatha kubweretsa mizu. Popewa vutoli, dothi labwino lokwanira pansi limapangidwa pansi pa mphika, ndipo zinthu zomasuka (vermiculite, perlite, crumb njerwa) zimawonjezeredwa panthaka. Mukugwa, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa, ndipo nthawi yozizira, tiyi kapena khofi amamwe madzi pafupifupi masiku 10 aliwonse.

Nthawi zonse mumathiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda, ofunda. Dzuza limayalidwa kuti lizisunga chinyezi. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi la coconut, sphagnum.

Miphika ya khofi

Muphika wosankhidwa bwino wa kufei ndiye chinsinsi cha kubzala bwino ndi maluwa owala pachomera. Mukasintha mphika nthawi yofesedwa chitsamba, m'mimba mwake mumakhala chidetso cham'milimita 3. Amakhulupirira kuti mulingo wokulirapo kwambiri wa mphika mutha kukhala 0.25 m.

Zomera zimayenda bwino kwambiri zikafesedwa mubowo. Pansi pamayenera kukhala mabowo ophera madzi ochulukirapo.

Dothi

Kuti chomera cha cofee chikhale bwino panyumba, ndikofunikira kusankha nthaka yoyenera kubzala. Chachikulu ndikuti dothi liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso lotayirira. Mutha kugula gawo lapansi mumalo ogulitsa maluwa omwe ali ndi acidic reaction (pH 5.3 - 6, 4).

Mutha kukonzekera dothi losakaniza nokha wokhala ndi malo olingana ndi dimba lamchenga, mchenga, tsamba lamasamba ndi peat. Kusintha dothi labwino, ufa wa malasha umawonjezedwamo, kudula mutizidutswa tating'ono ta moss, vermiculite.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kuti malo odyera azitulutsa bwino ndikukhala osatetezeka pamlingo wambiri, kuphatikiza umuna ndi umuna ndizofunikira. Gulani ndi kuvala zovala zapamwamba. Kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, kamodzi masiku 14, feteleza wa mchere wazonse kunyumba maluwa omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chidacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe osungunuka pambuyo kuthirira kwamadzulo. Pokhala ndi umuna, cafeyo imakhala yamasamba kwa masiku 1 - 2.

Thirani

Achinyamata amaika zovala zamtundu uliwonse masika. Kuika kufey okhwima kumachitika zaka 2.5 zilizonse. Panthawi imeneyi, mizu ya tchire imaphimba dothi. Mphikawo umasinthidwa ndi wina watsopano, womwewo ndi wamtali 30mm kuposa mulifupi wa mphika wam'mbuyomu.

Dothi lokwera limayikidwa pansi pa mphika, gawo lapansi latsopano limatsanuliridwa. Ikani mbewuyo ndikuwonjezera mizu, ndikuizunguliza kuzungulira mizu. Madzi okwanira ndi owaza ndi dziko lapansi. Ndikofunikira kuti musazame kukula. Pambuyo povumbula, malo odyera amakhala opanda pake kwa masiku angapo. Kudyetsa kumayamba pakatha masiku 14.

Momwe mungadulire khofi

M'moyo wonse, kufee amafunika kudulira: ukhondo - kuti mbewuyo ikhale yoyera komanso yopanga - kuti ipange mawonekedwe okongola. Kudulira mwaukhondo kumachitika chaka chonse: ma inflorescence osiyidwa, mphukira zouma ndi zazitali zimachotsedwa.

Pakatikati, mphukira imafupikitsidwa mpaka gawo lachitatu. Pamalo odyera, pachilimwe chokhachokha, tsitsani malekezero a nthambi. Kenako, pogwiritsa ntchito chepetsa pangani korona wa mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Nthawi zambiri imakongoletsedwa ngati mawonekedwe a mpira wofiyira kapena piramidi okhwima.

Nthawi yopumula

Kuti malo odyera apezenso mphamvu atatha maluwa kwa nthawi yayitali, amafunika nthawi yopumira. Zimakhala kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa Novembala mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi. Zomera panthawiyi zimasungidwa m'chipinda chofunda; kuthirira aliyense masiku 10.

Ndikosatheka kuyambitsa kukula povala pamwamba panthawiyi: malo odyera adzathetsa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Kuswana kwa Kafei

Kunyumba, kufei kungafalitsidwe ndi njira ziwiri.

Kukula Kafei kuchokera ku Mbewu

Osachitidwa kawirikawiri: mbewuzo ndizochepa, ndipo kumera kwake ndikotsika. Mukasankha kufesa mbewu, zimayikidwa panthaka yonyowa, ndikuwomba m'manja, osakonkha ndi dothi. Phimbani ndi kanema ndikumera pa + 22 °. Mphukira zikawonekera, filimuyo imachotsedwa. Masamba oyamba akapangidwa, cafeyo imabzalidwa mumiphika yosiyana.

Kufalitsa kufezeka ndi kudula

Mu nthawi ya masika, zodula mpaka 15 cm zimadulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zamtundu wamphamvu. Amathandizidwa ndi chosakanizira cha mapangidwe amizu ndikubzalidwa mu gawo lonyowa pansi pa botolo la pulasitiki. Pogona amachotsera kuthirira ndikuwongoletsa mbewu. Masamba akaoneka, mtsuko umachotsedwa. Masamba ang'onoang'ono akamakula ndi enanso 2 atsopano, mbewuzo zimadzalidwa.

Kwa kufei, njira yazomera yoberekera imawonedwa ngati yabwino kwambiri. Kunyumba, chomeracho chimafalitsidwanso ndikugawa chitsamba.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Koufeia ndi chomera chomwe chimakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, koma nthawi zina chimagwidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo chifukwa cha kusaphunzira. Duwa lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ake limalankhula za mavuto:

• mawanga amaso pam masamba a kofey - mawonekedwe a imvi zowola (ziwalo zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, mbali yotsalayo ya mankhwalawa imachiritsidwa ndi fungicide);
• masamba a kafei amagwa - kuchokera pa kukonzanso (konzanso pamalo otetezedwa);
• kofeya rots - yokhala ndi dongosolo lambiri la chinyezi (chofesedwa ku dothi lina, kudula mizu yowonongeka; sinthirirani kuthirira);
• masamba a kafei amatembenukira chikasu - Kusowa kwazitsulo (kuvala pamwamba mwachinsinsi ndi chelate chachitsulo kapena kutsanulira ndi chida ichi).

Ma spider ofiira, ma whiteflies, ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimafalitsa pafupipafupi kuposa tizilombo tina. Kuti muwachotse, mbewuyo imapatsidwanso madzi otsukira, kenako imathandizidwa ndi tizilombo. Ndikosavuta kupewa kuwoneka kwa tizilombo powonjezera chinyezi mchipindacho.

Mitundu ya khofi wakunyumba wokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Pali mitundu yopitilira 250 ya khofi. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndizomera zomwe zimapezeka m'munda komanso zamkati. Zokomera iwo

Caffeine ofiira owopsa (Cuphea ignea, Cupea platycentra)

Chitsamba chowumbika, chomwe kutalika kwake chimafikira 0,35 m. Masamba a emaroberi amawerengedwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mawonekedwe osilira. Kutalika kwa maluwa ofiira ofiira osapitilira 30 mm. Mphepete mwa zoyera - pamakhala bulauni. Chifukwa chofanana ndi mawonekedwe a mphukira ndi ndudu yofuka, mtunduwu umatchedwa "fodya". Maonekedwe a thermophilic kwambiri.

Kofeya issopolistic

Koufea sikuti chomera chokongola komanso chabwino. Chimakonda kukhala choikiratu kumbuyo kwa maluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa agolide ndi masamba osiyanasiyana. Poyerekeza ndi masamba obiriwira akuda, amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Kuphatikizidwa kulikonse ndi malo odyera kumasiyanitsa zamkati ndikubweretsa cholembedwa chosangalatsa kwa icho.