Kusankha kwa nkhaka ku Dutch kwadziwonetsera wekha padziko lonse kwa nthawi yaitali. Anthu ambiri a chilimwe komanso alimi a dziko lathu amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi a Dutch breeders. Wosakanizidwa nkhaka amadziwika ndi mkulu zokolola komanso zabwino kukoma kwa chipatso. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za mitundu yambiri yotchuka ya madango a Dutch.
Makhalidwe ndi mapindu
Mbali yaikulu ya mbewu ya Chidatchi ndikumera bwino kumera ndi kusintha pambuyo pakuika. Mitengoyi ndi nkhaka za ku Dutch sizingakhale zosiyana ndi mitundu ina iliyonse.
A Dutch adalimbikitsa kupanga kwa mbeu yabwino kwambiri, yomwe ikuphatikizapo izi:
- Kutentha kwaukhondo. Ndondomeko yotereyi imalimbitsa mbewu ndikuiyikira kumalo osakhala ofanana. Kuwonjezera apo, chithandizo cha kutentha chimateteza kubzala kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda.
- Kuwomba Panthawi imeneyi, mbewu imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amathandiza kuti atetezedwe ku nthenda yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndondomeko za kuvala zinabweretsa Dutch ku ungwiro, kotero mankhwala ophera tizilombo samakhudza kwambiri kukoma kwa chipatso.
- Kulimbitsa. Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu zofanana, zomwe zimakula kwambiri. A Dutch achita bwino mu bizinesi ili, ndipo musamupatse wogula mbewu zambiri, pomwe 50% ya opangidwayo idzakhala mbanja.
- Kupaka. Zapangidwa kuchokera kuzipangizo zapadera zomwe zimateteza kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi musanadzalemo.
Zitsanzo zonsezi zapamwamba zowonjezera zimachitika pang'onopang'ono zowonongeka ndi zowononga anthu, choncho, wamaluwa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa nthawi zambiri amakhutitsidwa ndi zokolola ndi kukoma kwa chipatso cha Dutch kusankha.Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya nkhaka imapangidwa pofuna kuchotsa chinyezi chochuluka kuchokera ku chipatso.Mitundu yonse yambewu ya nkhaka, yomwe inalengedwa m'madera a Ufumu wa Netherlands, ili ndi ubwino wambiri:
- kuchoka kumalo kungapangidwe kumalo obiriwira, ndi pansi pa thambo lotseguka;
- kukana pafupifupi matenda onse osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo;
- Zipatso zonse ndizofunikira zakudya zamzitini, saladi zatsopano, ndi zina zotero;
- kukoma kwakukulu ndi kusowa kwa kulawa kowawa pa chipatso;
- Kukolola ndi chisamaliro chachilendo ndipamwamba kwambiri, nkhaka za mawonekedwe olondola;
- Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njuchi yomwe imakhala yosafunikira kutero.
Mitundu yotchuka
Pali nkhuku zambiri zomwe zinachokera ku Holland. Ena amakonda mitundu yakucha kucha, ena amatseka mochedwa. Pansipa tifotokoze nkhaka zotchuka kwambiri zachi Dutch.
Kukula msinkhu
Makamaka nkhaka oyambirira yakucha ya Dutch kusankha:
- "Herman F1". Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri. Kusiyana ku ultrafast chipatso kucha, chitetezo ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zipatso zokolola. Zipatso za kalasi "Herman F1" wobiriwira, mawonekedwe olondola, popanda kupweteka, kugwiritsa ntchito konsekonse. Chomeracho chimapanga tchire champhamvu, kuchokera ku 4 mpaka 7 zipatso zingapangidwe pazigawo zonsezi. "Herman F1" ndi mungu wochokera kunja popanda thandizo la njuchi.
- "Merengue F1". Super oyambirira kudzipitsa mungu wokazinga nkhaka zosiyanasiyana Dutch kupanga. Zipatsozi zimakondweretsa kwambiri masamba anu okoma ndi zonunkhira zawo. Mankhwalawa ndi olemera 80-100 g. "Meringue F1" imatetezedwa ku downy mildew, peronosporoza ndi matenda ena. Zipatso zonsezo ndizopanda ponseponse, kupweteka sikukumveka. Chitsamba chimabala zipatso kwa nthawi yaitali. Kudyetsa moyenerera kumathandiza kupeza zipatso zabwino ndi zokoma mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa October.
- "Balcony". Odyetsedwa ndi obereketsa makamaka kwa kulima m'nyumba. Kalasiyo imasiyana nthawi yoyamba ya kukhwima, masamba a masamba. Zelentsy ndi osakanikirana, oblong-cylindrical mu mawonekedwe, ndi kuwala koyera kwa pubescence. Zipatso ziri ndi kukoma kokoma kokoma, kuwawidwa kulibe kwathunthu.
- F1 Alliance. Malo oterewa amatha kusonkhanitsa kale tsiku la 38-41th. Pakuti ovary m'minda imasowa njuchi zambiri. Zipatso zapakati, kukula kwake, khungu lochepa komanso kusowa kwachisoni. Chitsamba chikuwombera bwino pachigawo choyamba cha kukula. F1 Alliance ili ndi mizu yambiri ndi masamba akulu, omwe amalola kuti chomera chibale chipatso ngakhale pa masiku otentha kwambiri. Zokolola zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe zabwino zamalonda ndi kusinthasintha komwe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
- "Atlantis F1". Zipatso zili ndi fungo lapadera. Kulemera kwake kwa greengrass ndi 95 g, kutalika - masentimita 11. Atlantis F1 sagonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew, mafilimu a mosai ndi cladosporia. Zipatso zimakondweretsa aliyense wamaluwa ndi kukoma kwawo kosavuta ndi kobisika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma genetic imatetezedwa ku nyengo zovuta ndipo imatha kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
Ndikofunikira! Mbewu za hybrid za Dutch sizikhoza kusokonezeka, chifukwa zimasiyana mu code yapadera, yomwe imatsatira mwamsanga phindu la "F1".
- "Mgwirizano F1". Mmodzi mwabwino oyambirira kucha kucha Dutch nkhaka. Anthu a ku Summer amasonyeza kukula kwa Zelentsov kwa nthawi yaitali. Zipatso zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana (mpaka 120 g) ndi kununkhira kofiira kosavuta kophweka zamkati. Zosiyanasiyana zosagwirizana ndi peronosporoza ndi matenda ena. "Mgwirizano F1" - amanyamula bwino, osagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.
- "Pasadena F1". Mitengo yambiri yokalamba yochokera ku botanist ku Netherlands, yomwe imatha kubala chipatso kwa masiku 40-60. Ali ndi fungo labwino komanso lokoma kwambiri, limatha kupuma mungu popanda kutenga njuchi. Kulimbana ndi powdery mildew, mavairasi a nkhaka zamakono ndi cladosporia. Zipatso zimakhala zozungulira, mawonekedwe apakati, ndi pang'ono ya pubescence. "Pasadena F1" ili ndi zizindikiro zabwino zamagetsi, pakuphika izo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chilengedwe chonse.
Pakati-nyengo
Kulima nkhaka zapakatikati mwachakudya kumakhalabe konsekonse ndipo sikunali kosiyana ndi kulima mitundu ina. Mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka ya chisamaliro cha Dutch ndi nyengo yakukolola ndiyo:
- "Ambuye F1". Chomera champhamvu ndi nthambi zambiri. Chobiriwira kabichi ndi chobiriwira, chokhala ndi minga yaying'ono, 100-120 mm yaitali. "Ambuye F1" amakondweretsa zipatso zonse zatsopano kwa nthawi yochulukirapo, kuphatikizapo, podyetsa bwino, adzakhala okongola komanso okoma. Masamba a nkhaka ndi crispy, saturated, popanda mkwiyo, ntchito ndi ophika kuphika zosiyanasiyana mbale. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma genetic imatetezedwa ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Kulimba kwa dzinja ku "Lord F1" ndibwino, kotero zimakhoza kubzalidwa m'nthaka mwamsanga, popanda kugwiritsa ntchito njira yochezera.
- "Marinda F1". Zipatso zimamangirizidwa popanda njuchi za mungu. Mtundu uwu, wosamala bwino, umatha kubereka zipatso, ndipo masamba ake samakhala otsekemera. Chitsamba cha "Marinda F1" chimakhazikitsidwa ndi sing'anga, osati wandiweyani, pamene zokolola zimakhala zabwino. Zipatso zili ndi tuberculate, ndi pang'ono whitish pubescence, mawonekedwe oval-cylindrical, mawonekedwe apakati. Zokoma ndi zabwino kwambiri, ukali "umachotsedwa" pa chiwerengero cha majini. "Marinda F1" sagwirizana ndi makonde, nkhanambo, cladosporia, powdery mildew, ndi zina zotero.
- "Regina F1". Nyama yamapakati a midzi yochokera ku Dutch breeders, njuchi mungu. Zipatso zosakanikirana (70-90 g), mawonekedwe a oval-cylindrical, mawonekedwe ofiira, ali ndi nkhaka yapadera. Mtengo wa kulawa umakhalabe pamtunda wapamwamba pamene umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso kuzifota. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatetezedwa ku matenda ovuta, motsogoleredwa bwino imatha kubereka zipatso kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Kugawo la nkhaka za ku Russia zakula kuyambira chiyambi cha zaka za zana la khumi ndi chimodzi.
- "Mlimi F1". Zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizilima panja (pazochitika zotere, chipatso chidzakhala chokongola, chobiriwira chobiriwira, chokoma). Pa chiwerengero cha majini, imatetezedwa kutentha, komwe kumakulolani kukolola mpaka kuyamba kwa chisanu. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya njuchi imatulutsa mungu, kutetezedwa ku cladosporia, powdery mildew, nkhaka mosavuta, etc. Zokololazo ndizapamwamba, khalidwe la zizindikiro ndilobwino kwambiri. Mpunga wobiriwira, wandiweyani, wonyezimira, wamawonekedwe apamwamba, onunkhira, wopanda ululu, wogwiritsira ntchito mosavuta.
- "Claudia F1". Wosakanizidwa amapereka zokolola zamtengo wapatali, zochuluka komanso zokongola. Zapangidwe kuti kulima kulikonse (kulunjika ndi kuziika kubzala pamalo otseguka ndi otetezedwa). Ovava ndi mungu wochokera ndi njuchi. Mnofu ndi wowopsya, ulibe mphamvu, ululu "umathamangitsidwa" pa chibadwa, zonunkhira, chifukwa chake nkhaka za zosiyanasiyanazi zikuphika. "Claudia F1" pa ma genetic amatetezedwa ku matenda ovuta.
Kutseka kochedwa
Nkhumba za Dutch cucumber yachabechabe sizinali zambiri, zina mwa izo sizikudziwike kwa wamaluwa ndi anthu a chilimwe m'dziko lathu. Tinazindikiritsa mitundu iwiri yotchuka kwambiri ya kukhwima mochedwa Zelentsov:
- "Isid F1". Malo otentha omwe amapezeka pakati pa nyengo ya chilimwe ndi wamaluwa a dziko lathu. Amakula msinkhu, koma kuposa ma hybrids ambiri omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. "Isid F1" imapanga shrub yobiriwira, yomwe imabereka zipatso musanayambe kutentha koyamba. Nyama yosakanizika ndi onunkhira kwambiri ndipo amapereka zonunkhira ku mbale iliyonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyo majini yotetezedwa ndi tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mavairasi.
Ndikofunikira! Ambiri wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti mitundu yambiri ya Zelentsovo yokhala ndi mungu wobiriwira imakhala yochuluka kwambiri kusiyana ndi parthenocarpic. Kuonjezera apo, mbeu mkati mwa zipatsozi zili ndi mavitamini komanso mchere wambiri.
- "Julian F1". Olima amayamba kukondana ndi zosiyanasiyanazi chifukwa zipatso zake zingakhale zogona nthawi yaitali m'mabedi ndipo sizinapitirire (masamba obiriwira amakhala obiriwira, osatembenuka ndi kusinthasintha). Zipatso zili oval-cylindrical, ndi zokoma nkhaka kukoma. Zelentsy "Juliana F1" adzakusangalatsani ndi fruiting yawo isanayambe kusamba koyamba kutentha. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizirombo, ndipo ngati tchire ndi bwino komanso kudyetsedwa nthawi, fruiting ikhoza kupitilira ndi masabata 2-3.
Malamulo okula
Kukula tchire wokongola nkhaka si kophweka, chifukwa ichi muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena ndikudziwa zinsinsi ndi zinsinsi za ndondomekoyi. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha malo abwino odzala mbewu. Okonzekera bwino kwambiri a nkhaka adzakhala Chibuluu tsabola, kaloti, tomato, kabichi, anyezi. Pa malo a vwende mbewu nkhaka baka si anabzala, monga zomera zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo.
Nkhaka mbande ayenera kubzalidwa dzuwa, windless malo. Ngati mumabzala mumthunzi, chipatsocho chikhala ndi kulawa koipa. Musanabzala, nthaka imatayika mpaka 8-12 masentimita. Pambuyo pake, phosphate, potashi ndi feteleza zosakaniza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana (ngati nthaka ndi loamy). Kawirikawiri, chifukwa chodzala nkhaka ayenera kusankha nthaka ndi mkulu wothira mchere ndi organic substances. 
Pamalo otseguka, mbande zimayenera kubzalidwa mwamsanga nthaka ikawotha bwino. Nthawi zambiri kutentha kwa mphindi kumakhala kosachepera +12 ° C. Ngati kukwera kwachitidwa kale, ndiye kuti mukufunika kupereka chithunzi cha filimu. Mbande ndi kuziika pokhapokha 2-3 masamba ang'ono akupangapo. Ngati mudzafesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo padothi, ndiye kuti amafunika kuumitsa, ndipo mutabzala, ayenera kuthiridwa mochuluka. Mbewu imakula ndi 2-4 masentimita (malingana ndi mtundu wa nthaka, mbewu zimakula ndi masentimita 2 okha mu nthaka yolemera).
Mukudziwa? July 27 ndi International Day of Nkhaka.Mwamsanga mutabzala, nkhaka zisafunika kudyetsedwa mochuluka. Pa nthawi yoyamba ya kukula, mbewu zidzafuna feteleza zopangidwa ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba ndi kukula kwa mizu. Pamene mazira oyambirira akuwonekera, tchire tiyenera kudyetsedwa ndi potashi ndi feteleza phosphate, chifukwa zimapanga mawonekedwe okongola ndi zipatso zabwino. Ndi kudyetsa sikufunika kudutsa. Pakuti lonse kukula nyengo, nkhaka amadyetsedwa 2-3 nthawi.
Pakuti nkhaka zamasamba zimayenera kusamalira bwino. Nthawi zonse udzu pakati pa mizere, chotsani udzu wonse. Pambuyo pa weeding tchire, ndibwino kuti madzi, spud, ndi nthaka ikhale yochuluka.Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kuthirira ndi njira yoyenera yosamalira zomera. Zitsamba zomwe sizidzakhala madzi okwanira, zikhoza kuuma patsogolo pa nthawi kapena kupereka zipatso zowawa. Mbewu zazing'ono zimathiriridwa masiku awiri masiku awiri ngati palibe mphepo yamkuntho imapezeka.
Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka ayenera kulabadira kasupe, chala, Taganay, Mpikisano, Nezhinsky, Zozuliu.Ngati maonekedwe a matenda kapena tizilombo tomwe timapezeka, nkhaka iyenera kuchitidwa ndi kuteteza nthawi yeniyeni, popeza zokolola zingachepe kwambiri.
M'nkhaniyi tinakuuzani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka za ku Dutch zosiyana zakucha, ndipo tsopano zosankha ndi zanu. Ngati mukutsatira luso loyenera la kubzala ndi kusamalira, ndiye kuti mitundu yonse ya pamwambayi idzakondweretsani ndi zipatso zambiri.
