Hirita - kukula komanso kusamalira kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi

Chirita ndi maluwa a herbaceous ochokera ku banja la Gesneriaceae. Pansi pazachilengedwe, zimachitika ngati mawonekedwe osatha kapena pachaka shrub. M'nyumba tikhazikitsani tchire lotalika (mpaka 20 cm) lomwe nthawi zina limafunanso kupangidwanso.

Amayamba pang'onopang'ono. Amayamba maluwa mu Meyi ndipo amasangalala ndi maluwa ooneka ngati belu mpaka Seputembara. Kwawo kwa Khirites ndi kotentha komanso kotentha Colombia. Mwachilengedwe, mtengowu ndiofala ku India, Southeast Asia, pamiyala yamiyala ya Peninsula ya Malaysia.

Onaninso momwe mungakulire Smithian ndi Achimenes.

Chirita: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Kuti chomera chizikhala ndi masamba okongola nthawi zonse, maluwa amawonekera munthawi yake, chisamaliro chofunikira ndikofunikira kwa chirita kunyumba. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa hirita ndi motere:

Hirita amabweretsa mtendere ndi chisangalalo mnyumbayo. Masamba a Velvety a mitundu yokongola ndi mabelu oseketsa pang'ono amachititsa kuti dziko lizimva kutentha ndi kuphatikizika.

Chirita: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Hirita ndi chomera chokongoletsa chofanana ndi chikasu. Kuti chitsamba chizitha kukhazikika komanso kusangalatsa maluwa, malo abwino amapangidwa mozungulira mozungulira.

Maluwa hirita

Pakati pa Meyi, maluwa a hirita nthawi zambiri amayamba, amasangalatsa aliyense amene amaonera. Pofika nthawi ino, mbewuyi yapanga masamba asanu. Mapiritsi amapanga zolakwika zawo. Pa peduncle imodzi yayitali, mpaka masamba 10 amawoneka, ophatikizidwa mu inflemose inflorescence. Amakwera pamwamba pa masamba a emarodi velvety kapena masamba opindika ndi "chipewa" chokongola.

Maluwa, opangidwa ngati mabelu, ali ndi maziko aubulamu. Zitha kujambulidwa zoyera, kirimu, lilac, buluu, mithunzi yapinki. Mitundu yam'munsi yamtundu wina wa hirita amadziwika ndi mikwingwirima yosiyanasiyana. Duwa lililonse limakhala ndi sabata limodzi mpaka milungu iwiri. Pambuyo maluwa, chipatso chimapangidwa - bokosi lokhala ndi njere zazing'ono.

Njira yotentha

Pokhala ndi mizu yakumwera, kunyumba, hirita ikupitilizabe kukhala chomera cha thermophilic. Mukakulitsa, ndikofunikira kusunga kutentha kwa boma. M'chilimwe, chitsamba chimakhala bwino pa +18 - 25 ° C.

M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumayenera kukhalabe pakati pa + 15 - 20 ° C.

Pamitengo yapamwamba kapena yotsika, chomera chimayimitsa chitukuko. Kutentha kotsika + 15 ° C, phukusi lokhala ndi maluwa limachotsedwa pawindo kapena kuyika nkhuni kapena nkhata pansi pake kuti ichotse mizu pamalo ozizira.

Kuwaza

Chomera chiribe zofunika zapadera za chinyezi. Zokwanira bwino chifukwa zimawoneka ngati chinyezi chambiri. Chifukwa chake, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, molingana ndi malamulo osamalira hirita kunyumba, sikuti kuchita kuvomerezedwa.

Itha kuvulaza mbewu: mawanga ndi masamba amawoneka pamasamba ndi maluwa, zowola zimamera. M'masiku otentha kwambiri, mutha kuwaza mpweya kuzungulira hirita, kuyesa kuti musakhudze chitsamba chokha. Ndikofunika kuyika chidebe ndi duwa papallet ndi dothi lotukuka.

Kuwala

Kuwala ndikofunikira kwambiri pakupanga bwino kwa hirita. Ngati pali kuwala pang'ono, mbewuyo singakhale pachimake. Mwakuwala kowala, mizimu imayamba kupindika ndi kutembenukira chikasu. Mutha kuyika mphika wa mipando yakunyumba mbali iriyonse ya nyumba.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ngati mutayika maluwa kumpoto kwa nyumba, komwe kulibe magetsi ambiri, muyenera kuyatsa nyali yakumbuyo. Kummwera, komwe, pambali pake, dzuwa limawala kwambiri, mbewuyo imasungunuka.

Kuthirira Mizimu

Kutsirira kwa hirita kuyenera kumwedwa mosamala. Ndikofunikira kuthirira pamene chomera chikufunika chinyezi (izi zimatha kuwoneka mu nthaka yowuma). Kuchepetsa chinyezi kumatsogolera kuzola mizu. Hirita apirira chilala pang'ono.

Koma nyengo yadzuwa ikakokoloka, madzi mosamala pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera magawo ang'onoang'ono amadzi kwa masiku angapo. Pothilira madzi otentha otetezedwa bwino.

Mphika wa hirita

Poto yayikulu ya hirita sifunikira: siyidzaphuka. Choyamba imbani chomera m'chidebe chaching'ono. Kenako sankhani maluwa otsika, omwe mulifupi mwake ndi mulifupi wa tsamba la chitsamba.

Kukula ndi kutalika kwa chidebe cha chomera chachikulire kumayenera kukhala kofanana.

Dothi

Hirite imafuna dothi lotayirira, lomwe limapuma komanso pang'ono acidic. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito dothi la senpolia - mbeu zokhudzana. Kunyumba, hirita ikhoza kubzalidwa gawo laling'ono lokonzedwa magawo awiri a nthaka yamasamba ndi humus, mchenga ndi peat, yotengedwa gawo limodzi. Kupititsa patsogolo katundu wa drainage, crumb njerwa, vermiculite, zidutswa za sphagnum zimawonjezeredwa.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Kwa hirita, feteleza ndi kuvala kwapamwamba ndikofunikira panthawi yanthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndi kuyambika kwa masika mpaka masiku otsiriza a chilimwe, amadyetsedwa ndi wothandizidwa ndi senpolia. Popeza tatsitsa mwana ku chomera cha mayi, kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amadyetsedwa ndi mankhwala okhala ndi nayitrogeni ambiri.

Pa zaka 6 - 8 miyezi, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu amawonjezeredwa ndi nayitrogeni. Kupitilira apo, kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni amachepetsa, ndipo potaziyamu ndi phosphorous zimachulukitsidwa kotero kuti maluwa ayikidwa. Pambuyo pa njirayi, hirita imasungunuka.

Thirani

Zomera zimadzulidwa pambuyo pa maluwa oyamba. Kuyika kwa hirite kwapachaka sikufunika: ndi zaka, chitsamba chikutha kuphuka, masamba ake otsika amagwa. Akuluakulu hirita amaphatikizidwanso ndi kudula.

Chodzala chaching'ono chimabzalidwa mumphika wocheperako, kenako chimasinthidwa ndi chokulirapo. Kuyika, osakuza kukula. Masiku 15 pambuyo paziunjikirazo, amayamba kudyetsa hirita.

Hirita Kuchepetsa

Hirita samayankha bwino podulira. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kuti muchepetse. Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa masika kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (isanayambe kapena kutulutsa maluwa), masamba achikasu ndi ma pedicel owuma amadulidwa. Popanga ndalamazi, amayesetsa kuti asawononge masamba osalimba ndi masamba a masamba.

Nthawi yopumula

Ku hirita, nthawi yonse siyitchulidwa. Ngati sichidamwe madzi nthawi yozizira, sichidyetsedwa ndikusungidwa ndi kutentha osaposa + 15 ° C, amakhulupirira kuti mbewuyo ikupuma. Pakadali pano, kukula kwa hirita kuyimitsidwa, maluwa sapezeka. Ngati ndizosatheka kuti muchepetse kutentha m'chipindacho, muyenera kuyatsa nyali. Ndi zowunikira zowonjezera kwa maola 13 patsiku, hirita ikuphulika.

Kubwezeretsa kwa Hirita

Kunyumba, hirita ikhoza kufalitsidwa m'njira zambiri. Zitatu mwa izo ndizotchuka kwambiri:

Kukula hirita kuchokera ku mbewu

Mbeu zazing'onoting'ono zimabzyala panthaka yopanda kumera ndikuwaza ndi dothi. Phimbani ndi kanema, muchokere kumera pa + 23 ° C, ndikumazizirira ndi kupopera nthaka. Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, mbewuzo zimamera.

Ndi kuwunikira kowonjezereka, iwo amakhala akuluakulu. Pakaphuka masamba awiri, ikokerani mumiphika ingapo. Chifukwa chake mitundu ya pachaka imafalitsidwa.

Ndikabzala masika, pachimake nyengo yachisanu ikubwera.

Kufalitsa kwa Hirita ndi odulidwa

Dulani zodula. Chotsani masamba akumunsi ndikuwaza odulidwa ndi makala opera. Pesi ikhoza kuzika mizu kapena madzi. Mutha kubzala mwachangu mu dothi lonyowa, kuphimba ndi kanema ndikupitiliza kukula munkhokwe. Ndikwabwino kudula kumayambiriro kwa Epulo kuti chitsamba chimamasula nthawi yozizira.

Kufalitsa kwa Hirita ndi masamba odulidwa

Sankhani tsamba labwino kuchokera pakati pach chitsamba. Dulani ndi lezala ku tsinde. Gawo louma pang'ono ndikuthandizidwa ndi fungicide. Kuti tsamba lokhalo lisakule komanso osachedwa kuzika mizu, mutha kudula mbali yake yapamwamba.

Zodulidwa zophika zimabzalidwa pamapiritsi a peat kapena pansi. Itha kuzika mizu m'madzi. Kubzala mu nthaka, amayesera kuti asayike malowo: motero udzazika msanga. Ana amakula patatha masiku pafupifupi 45. Chomera chomwe chimapezeka pamasamba pafupifupi miyezi 7 mpaka 10.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Ngati hirita amasamalidwa bwino, amathanso kutetezedwa ndi tizirombo, ndipo matenda amadzimva. Mutha kudziwa izi mwakuyang'ana chomera:

• masamba a hirita amatembenukira chikasu - Masamba akulu akatembenuka chikasu - kusintha kosasintha kwa thupi; ngati chikasu chikuphatikizidwa ndi kupindika kwa tsinde - chinyezi chowonjezera (masamba owonongeka amachotsedwa, chomera ndibwino kuchokeranso, madzi panthawi);
• mawanga owuma pamasamba a hirita - chiwonetsero cha kutentha kwa dzuwa (chotsani masamba owonongeka, mthunzi wazomera padzuwa);
• hirita ikukula pang'onopang'ono - kuwala pang'ono (kukonzanso m'malo owala);
• zimayambira amakoka - kusowa kwounikira (kuyikidwa pamalo owala bwino);
• Masamba a hirita amapotozedwa - mpweya wouma wamkati (gwiritsani ntchito zoziziritsa kukhosi);
• Malangizo a masamba oma - kuchokera ku chinyezi chotsika (ikani maluwa ndi duwa pallet yonyowa ndi timiyala tonyowa).

Nthawi zina kangaude, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi ma ntchentche zimawomba hirita. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana nawo.

Mitundu ya homuweki yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu pafupifupi 100. Nyumba zimabzala zina mwa izo:

Hirita Chinese, siliva Hirita "Chirita sinensis"

Zomera zosachepera (pafupifupi 0,15 m) zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba a siliva kapena a emarodi, kutalika kwake kumafikira masentimita 10. Pamaso pake pamasamba ozungulira pamakhala matope, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala kokhazikika. Maluwa ofiirira amatengedwa m'm inflorescence yayikulu. Ma brownish peduncle amaphimbidwa ndi mulu wowala. Maluwa amagwera nthawi yotentha.

Hirita Tamiana "Chirita Tamiana"

Kutalika kwa thengo kumafikira 0,5 m. Muli ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono okongola komanso maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera okhala ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira yomwe imadutsa m'khosi. Limamasula nthawi iliyonse pachaka.

Hirita lavender "Chirita lavandulacea"

Shrub pachaka ndi wandiweyani masamba ellipsoidal. Ma streaks amawoneka bwino pama masamba obiriwira. Maluwa amapangika m'mizere ya masamba ndi pamwamba pa mphukira. Maluwa oyera amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi yam'mimba ndi khosi lachikasu. Ikaunikiridwa, imaphuka nthawi iliyonse.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma hyrite. Onse ndi okongola, koma ena ndi otchuka:

Hirita "Maloto Osangalatsa"

Chitsamba chowoneka bwino ndi masamba akulu okongola ndi maluwa a lilac, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi corollas amdima.

Hirita “Periwinkle”

Chitsamba chamaluwa chokongola cha lavenda hue; kumtunda kwa pharynx kumakhala malo amtundu wa lalanje, gawo lotsika ndi mikwaso yachikasu. Masamba ndiwopyapyala zobiriwira zakuda bii.

Hirita "Diana Maria"

Chitsamba chokhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu a lilac okhala ndi tint ya pinki, "chokongoletsedwa" ndi mikwera ya golide. Masamba akulu obiriwira amaphimbidwa ndi malo asiliva.

Hirita "Atsuko"

Bashi ndi pinki yayikulu - maluwa a lilac okhala ndi pharynx yoyera. Dongosolo lamtundu wobiriwira wamtambo ndilotakata, ndipo mbali zamkati.