Vuto la kulawa kowawa mkaka wa ng'ombe limakhudza mlimi aliyense kamodzi kamodzi pamoyo wawo. Pofuna kudziwa nthawi yoyambitsa zovuta, ndiye kuti mutha kuzichotsa moyenera, muyenera kuchita zowonjezera ndi njira zothandizira zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Nchifukwa chiyani ng'ombe ziri ndi mkaka wowawa musanamwalire
Nthawi yokha pamene mkwiyo wachisoni ukhoza kuonedwa ngati wabwinobwino, osati vuto lachibadwa, ndiko kuyandikira kwa calving ndi kudyetsa ana. Pomwe mimba imayamba, thupi la ng'ombe limakhala ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yamadzimadzi, pang'onopang'ono kusintha mkaka wakale wa mkaka kuti ukhale watsopano, womwe umangotanthauza kuti kudyetsa mwana wang'ombe.
Kawirikawiri, kupweteka kwapadera kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa leukocyte, puloteni ya casein, ndi pulojekiti yogawanitsa lipase yomwe imapezeka mu mankhwalawa. Choncho, ndi bwino kuyembekezera pang'ono ndi mkaka wamkazi "patsikuli" (2 months pamaso pa calving ndi 2-3 pambuyo).
Mukudziwa? Mvula ingabweretse mkaka, ngakhale uli m'firiji. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo apeza kuti vuto lalikulu la mawonekedwe a magetsi a magetsi, omwe amatha kulowa mkati mwa chinthu chilichonse. Ndipo kawirikawiri mkaka umapweteka kwa iwo.
Nchifukwa chiyani mkaka wowawasa ukasaka
Palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwa kukoma kwa mkaka kwambiri.
- kudya;
- matenda opatsirana;
- zovuta;
- Kuphwanya malamulo a ukhondo pamene mukugwedeza ng'ombe;
- Kuphwanya malo abwino osungirako "zoyera".
Idya zitsamba zowawa
Kawirikawiri, kupsya mtima komwe kwawoneka kungatheke chifukwa cha zitsamba zina zomwe nyama zimapeza ndi kudya kumadyo akuyenda. Chiwerengero cha edible kwa ng'ombe, koma kusokoneza kukoma kwa mkaka ndi monga: chowawa, adyo ya akavalo, zotsekemera, mankhwala amtundu, tansy, yarrow ndi phulusa.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge momwe mungakhalire mkaka ndi nthawi zingati, komanso kuti mudziwe zoyenera kuchita ngati muli ndi mkaka mu mkaka.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa kukonza mkaka wamtengo wapatali ndi chakudya choyenera, choncho ndi kofunika kuti mlimi athe kusintha mfundo zina panthawi yake:
- Mukamagula chakudya, mverani khalidwe ndi mavitamini-mineral zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa matumba (mapaketi). Chakudya chosasamala chimayambitsa acidity m'mimba mwa ng'ombe, ndipo chifukwa chake - kukoma kwa mkaka zokolola;
- onetsetsani mmene chakudya cha balere ndi oat chadyetsedwa. Ngati pali njira iliyonse yowonongeka, taya udzu wokhudzidwa;
- Musagwiritse ntchito chakudya ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera yisiti.
M'nyengo yozizira, mkwiyo ukhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa cobalt - chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe nthawi zambiri sichipezeka m'mitengo yafamu. Vuto likhoza kuthetsedwa mothandizidwa ndi mapiritsi otsika mtengo a cobalt chloride ndi dongosolo losavuta: mapiritsi awiri pa tsiku kwa mwezi umodzi.Ndikofunikira! Kudya malowa ndi kavalo wamng'ono kapena kutseka makoma a nyumba kumasonyeza kusowa kwa mchere m'thupi. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, mkaziyo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kutulutsa mkaka wowawa.
Matenda
Chifukwa chachiwiri chakuwidwa mtima ndi mankhwalawa ndi matenda a ng'ombe.
Helminths pachiwindi
Mitundu yomwe imapezeka mu chiwindi cha nkhumba imatchedwa fascioli.
Zizindikiro za matenda:
- chinyama chimayamba kutsopomola ndi kutukuta kwambiri pa mapewa;
- kumayambiriro kwa matenda, mkaka ndi wowawa pang'ono, ukali pang'ono pang'onopang'ono umawonjezeka ndi kuyang'ana;
- atatha kuyamwa, mafuta otsekemera kwambiri, amanyamuka ndi "kapu" ndipo amakhala wovuta kwambiri;
- Chifukwa cha kirimu wowawasa chiri ndi kutchula kulawa kowawa.
Pofuna kudziwa kuti alipo ma fasciols m'thupi ndi kuteteza chitukuko chawo, mlimi ayenera kudula nyamakazi kuti adziwe. Kuyezetsa kachipatala kameneko kamalimbikitsidwa kawiri pachaka.
Atatsimikizira kuti matendawa akupezeka, katswiri amalemba mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa:
- "Rolnol";
- "Clover";
- Brontel.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungapezere mphutsi ku ng'ombe.
Njira yabwino kwambiri ya mankhwala ndi jekeseni: jekeseni imodzi pamlingo wa 10ml wa mankhwala pa 200 kg ya misa ya ng'ombeyo. Jekeseni nthawi zina imabwerezedwa pambuyo pa masiku khumi, koma katswiri wa veterinarian yekha amatha kuzindikira kufunika koti abwererenso.
Kukonzekera bwino kwa ufa:
- "Brovalsen";
- Albendazole;
- "Brovadazole".
Kaŵirikaŵiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kachitidwe ka mankhwala: kawiri pa tsiku ndi chakudya cham'mawa ndi chamadzulo.Ndikofunikira! Kuchiza kwa helminths nthawi zonse kumakhala kovuta, koma kutchulidwa kwachisoni chakuda sikudutsa nthawi yomweyo, koma pang'onopang'ono, mkati mwa masiku 10-15. Kuchotsedwa kwathunthu kwa fasciol ndi zochitika za kuvunda kwa thupi la ng'ombe zimapezeka mu 1.5-2 miyezi.
Mastitis
Matendawa amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusintha kosasintha kwa mlimi ndi mkaka:
- mthunzi wakuda;
- kutaya mafuta;
- kukonda;
- kupanga mapuloteni kapena mapuloteni flakes.
Ng'ombe imasiya kudya, imakhala yosasamala, kutentha kwa thupi kumawonjezeka kwambiri, mkaka wa mkaka umachepa mofulumira. Ngati zizindikiro za "mastitis" zimapezeka, nyamayo iyenera kuwonetsedwa mwamsanga kwa katswiri. 
Kuwidwa mtima kumeneku kumawonetseredwa kokha ndi mtundu wa puratent-catarrhal mitundu ya mastitis. Zizindikiro zofanana: saltiness ndi mtundu wofiira wa mankhwala. Gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi nthendayi limawopsya, limawombera, minofu imakhala yayikulu ndipo imakhala yolimba mpaka kukhudza.
Kupeza bwino matenda a mastitis kumabwera pakatha kusankha koyenera ndi veterinarian ya mankhwala osiyanasiyana antibacterial, anti-inflammatory ndi immunomodulating. Mu gawo la mankhwala aakulu nthawi zambiri pali suspensions okhala ndi antibiotic, hormonal ndi enzymatic elements: "Mamifort", "Suit Weixim".
Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mastitis mu ng'ombe.
Zothetsera maopaleshoni:
- Gelaneel Gel ndi Katemera;
- "Echinacea Compositum";
- "Lachesis Compositum".
Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala omwe anawapatsa, alimi nthawi zambiri amatembenukira ku njira zovomerezeka zotchuka:
- madzi akuphatikiza ndi zotsatira zozizira kapena kutentha;
- kupangidwira (kuchiritsa kwa udzu ndi singano yapadera);
- ntchito za kaloti zowonongeka, masamba atsopano kabichi ndi beets ndi uchi;
- mafuta opangidwa kuchokera kwa aloe, calendula kapena kelp.
Video: mankhwala a mastitis Panthaŵi yovuta ya matendawa, ndizofunikira kuti pakhale nyama yambiri kuchokera ku gulu la ziweto, kukonzanso malo ake, kuonjezera chiwerengero cha fiber (udzu), komanso kuyambitsanso katatu pa tsiku.
Leptospirosis
Monga lamulo, matenda opatsiranawa amakhudza ng ombe za mkaka m'madzi otentha kapena m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ma bacteria a leptospira omwe amalowa mthupi mwa madzi. Kuwonjezera pa ukali wosadziwika mu mkaka, zizindikiro za leptospirosis sizikudziwika, pang'onopang'ono zimafika mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri ndi owopsa.
Phunzirani choti muchite ndi momwe mungachitire leptospirosis ng'ombe.
Zizindikiro za leptospirosis yovuta:
- kutentha kwa thupi;
- kutsegula m'mimba;
- mitsempha yamdima kwambiri;
- ululu mukakodza;
- zizindikiro za jaundice.
N'zotheka kudziwa matendawa mwa kutenga mayeso oyenera a magazi ndi mkodzo, komanso kusonkhanitsa anamnesis ndi veterinarian. 
Pambuyo pa matendawa, chinyamachi chimapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa antibacterial:
- "Amoxicillin";
- Floridox.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha mabakiteriya a leptospirosis m'madzi, kupewa kanthawi koyenera kumalimbikitsa:
- kafukufuku wanyama nthawi zonse;
- kusankha malo odyetserako ziweto;
- kuthetseratu makoswe pamunda;
- kusinthanitsa kwa nkhokwe ndi zipangizo zake.
Congenital anomalies
Pakati pa abambo omwe ali osowa pakati pa ng'ombe, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi kuchepa kwa bile ducts ndi kupukuta kwa ndulu. Matendawa amachititsa kuti chikhodzodzo chiwonongeke ndipo nthawi zonse amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa bile, komwe kumapweteka kwambiri mkaka.
Zizindikiro za kupirira kwa nthawi yayitali ndi kuledzeretsa kwa thupi:
- mkaka wowala mkodzo;
- mkodzo umatulutsa kwambiri;
- zofiira-zachikasu zofiira ndi zidutswa zopanda chakudya zambiri;
- mucosal chikasu;
- chikhalidwe cha ng'ombe chosasangalatsa.
Mwamwayi, nyama zowonongeka ndi mphutsi sizikhoza kuchiritsidwa - mitundu yosavuta komanso yosasamalidwa imachotsedwanso ndi kukonzekera kosiyanasiyana. Mkaka wa ng'ombe zotero nthawi zonse umakhala ndi kulawa kowawa.
Kuphwanya malamulo a ukhondo ndi kusungunula
Nthawi zina zomwe zimayambitsa mkaka wowawa kwambiri zimakhala mlimi mwiniwake, pamene amanyalanyaza malamulo a ukhondo omwe amalimbikitsa malo oti azikhala nawo komanso ng'ombeyo.
Zolakwitsa zazikulu:
- kuyeretsa kosasintha kwa malita a manyowa m'khola;
- kugwiritsa ntchito thaulo loyera kuti liwononge udder;
- Mitsinje yoyamba ya mkaka imakanikizidwira ku mphamvu yowonongeka, popanda kukonzeratu;
- kunyalanyaza kuyeretsa kwa mwezi wonse kwa nkhokwe ndi kupiritsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Onani mndandanda wa mitundu yabwino ya mkaka.
Zinthu zosungiramo katundu
Osati kokha kukoma kwake kokoma, komanso kukula kochepa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angathe kuwononga anthu, zimadalira kusungidwa kwa mankhwalawa. 
Kuwonetsa zinthu zolakwika:
- kusungirako kutentha + 30 ... +40 madigiri;
- zitsulo zakuthandizira ndi zinthu za dzimbiri, dothi kapena manyowa;
- kusakaniza mkaka wam'mawa ndi wamadzulo;
- anasiya mankhwalawa dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Mapuloteni a mkaka wa khola amakhala ogwirizana ndi poizoni m'thupi. Ndi chifukwa cha izi, madokotala akulangiza kuti anthu ogwira ntchito zamagetsi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito (galasi imodzi patsiku) mankhwala atsopano. Kuonjezera apo, mkaka wathanzi nthawi zina umagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino monga mankhwala oyeretsa mowa.
Poyang'anitsitsa mkhalidwe wa zinyama ndikuwona malamulo osavuta, mukhoza kukula bwino ndi ng'ombe zamphamvu, kupereka mkaka wabwino kwambiri.
