Balsam Waller - akukula ndi kusamalira kunyumba, zithunzi zamitundu

Balsam Waller (Waller) (Impatiens walleriana), yemwe amadziwikanso kuti "impatiens" - chomera cha herbaceous cha banja la basamu, yokhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana amtambo obiriwira kapena obiriwira, pafupifupi 60 cm.

Dziko la basamu ndi madera otentha kwambiri ku Africa ndi Asia; kuyambira 1596 afalikira mpaka ku Europe ndi America. Maluwa ake, osavuta kapena apawiri, amapezeka okha, ali ndi phale lowala la mitundu yonse ya mithunzi, kupatula mtundu wachikasu ndi wabuluu. Masamba atamasuka, zipatso zomwe zimangokhala ngati bokosi zimapangidwa mumtengowo, zomwe zimayamba kutseguka mosavuta, ndikutulutsa mbewu zazing'ono zambiri.

Impatiens ndiwosatha komanso kukula kwadzaoneni, komwe kumamera kwambiri pachaka. Pofalitsa kale m'mwezi wachitatu zitamera mbande, basamu imapereka maluwa oyamba.

Komanso onetsetsani momwe mungalimire aptenia kunyumba.

Kusamalira basamu kunyumba. Mwachidule

Mafuta a basamu kunyumba ndi osavuta komanso osafunikira maluwa. Malamulo oyambira zotsalazo a basamu:

Basamu: chisamaliro chakunyumba

Maluwa a maluwa a basamu

M'malo abwino, maluwa a basamu amapitilira pafupifupi chaka chonse, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka Disembala. Maluwa ake okhala ndi masentimita 4 mpaka 6, kutengera mitundu, amatha kukhala amodzi, okhala ndi ma spurs, otsika pang'ono, mawonekedwe a axillary inflorescence, ndipo nthawi zina amapezeka pamayendedwe apamwamba. Utoto wooneka bwino wa mmera umakulolani kuti muugwiritse ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zokongoletsa zipinda, makonde, masitepe.

Kuphatikiza apo, basamu nthawi zambiri amabzala pamalowo ngati dimba pachaka.

Mvula isanakhale kapena kuthirira kwambiri, masamba a basamu amatulutsa madontho omveka amadzimadzi, omwe, pambuyo pouma, amasinthidwa kukhala makhiristo a shuga. Pazinthu zachilengedwe, izi zimateteza mungu kuchokera kwa nyerere.

Maluwa a mitundu yayikulu ya basamu amawoneka bwino popachika maluwa miphika ndi maluwa.

Njira yotentha

Mafuta a basamu wodzipangitsa amakhala womasuka kwambiri m'malo otentha - popanda zokonzekera, kutentha kwambiri ndi mpweya wowuma. M'nyengo yotentha, ndizabwino kuti azikhala ndi masamba ndi makhonde otentha, nthawi yozizira ndibwino kuyika m'chipinda chowongoleredwa ndi kutentha kwa 15-18 ºС.

Kuwaza

Chomera cha basamu kunyumba chimakonda chinyezi chambiri ndipo ndizotheka kuchipereka nthawi yotentha kokha mothandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi ofewa, okhazikika, kupopera chinyezi pansi ndi masamba, kupewa kupewa maluwa.

Kuwala

Ichi ndi chomera chachikulu kwambiri, koma chimayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa lotentha. Mawindo akumayiko akum'mawa, malo okhala ndi dzuwa lowoneka bwino. Mu nthawi yozizira, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kumapangidwa kwa maola osachepera 14 patsiku pogwiritsa ntchito nyali zapadera.

Ndi isanayambike nthawi yopuma, kuwunikirako kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Kutsirira basamu

Thirirani duwa ndendende monga momwe amafunikira kuti anyowetse nthaka. Ngati tingalole kuyanika kwa dothi louma ndi mizu - mafuta a basamu akutsikira masamba, m'mphepete mwa masamba kuwuma. M'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumayenera kuchepetsedwa, koma osaloleza nthaka kuti iume.

Kuthirira, kuthiridwa pansi komanso kugwetsa madzi kapena kusungunuka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kumatenthedwa pamwamba pa chipinda.

Mafuta a Basamu

Kuti maluwa ambiri a basamu azikhalapo, amaikidwa mumphika waung'ono, ngakhale pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Monga lamulo, ichi ndi chidebe chokhala ndi mainchesi 17 cm, chomwe chingapatse maluwa kuti azitsogolera molondola pakapangidwe ka masamba, osati kutukula kwa mizu. Kuphatikiza apo, miphika yayikulu kwambiri imayambitsa kuvunda pamizu chifukwa acidization nthaka.

Dothi

Mafuta a basamu panyumba amakhala paliponse m'nthaka, koma dothi lokhazikika lomwe limagwiritsidwanso ntchito limagwiritsidwanso ntchito:

• malo odyera (gawo 1)
• mchenga kapena perlite (gawo limodzi)
• dothi lamasamba (magawo atatu)

Mosasamala mtundu wamtundu, dothi lonyowa lopangidwa ndi makala kapena dongo lakukulira ndilofunikira.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Mafuta feteleza phosphorous-potaziyamu omwe amathandizira chomera pakukula, kupereka zipatso zowonjezereka komanso maluwa azikhala othandiza kwa basamu. Njira zotere zimadyetsedwa kamodzi masiku 10, kudzera kuthilira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Impatiens salekerera zowonjezera zakachilengedwe.

Komanso musatenge manyowa pa dormole kapena mukudwala.

Thirani

Kuthira kwa basamu kumachitika chaka chilichonse nthawi yamasika m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a kukula kwanthawi zonse. Njira yodutsa imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe chitsamba chamaluwa chimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono popanda kugwedeza pansi pamizu, kenako ndikuyika chidebe chatsopano, ndikutsatira kudzaza ma voids omwe amapangidwa ndi dothi latsopano.

Khosi la mmera silimakutidwa ndi nthaka. Mukathirira, mafuta a basamu omwe amangobzalidwa amawayala mumthunzi ndikuwakhazikika pamalo akewo pakapita masiku atatu.

Panthawi yamaluwa, mafuta a basamu sangasinthidwe, apo ayi agwetsa masamba omwe adalipo, atayimira kukula.

Momwe mungatenthe mafuta a basamu?

Kusamalira mafuta a basamu kunyumba kumafunanso kudulira mbewuzo, zomwe zimapangidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi kumuika. Izi sizofunikira kuti mupange mawonekedwe oyera ozungulira, komanso kuti mupangitsenso mbewuyo, kuti ikule ndikukula.

Kuphatikiza pa kudulira, mphukira zazitali zopanda nthambi zimapinikizidwa nthawi zonse, kusiya masamba atatu panthambi. Zodula zokhazokha zitha kuyikidwa m'madzi kuti zizike mizu.

Nthawi yopumula

Nthawi yopuma pa basamu nthawi zambiri imakakamizidwa. Madera otentha ndi otentha, chomera chimatha kutulutsa chaka chonse. Ndipo m'malo ozizira, duwa limapita nthawi yozizira kupita kumalo otetezedwa kuyambira Okutobala kapena Disembala mpaka Ogasiti.

Zoyenera kumangidwa nthawi imeneyi: kutentha kwa kutentha kusaposa 15-18 ºº, kuthirira pang'ono, kupatula kuvala kwapamwamba komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Kukula mafuta a basamu kuchokera ku mbewu

Chimodzi mwazinthu za duwa ili ndi kucha kwa bokosi la zipatso, lomwe limasokoneza kulumikizana kwina konse, kumasula mbewu zambiri kunja, kuteteza kumera mpaka zaka 8. Kufesa dothi liyenera kuzingidwa ndi kutetezedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Itha kukhala osakanikirana ndi mchenga wa peat, kapena gawo lina lochokera kumunda wamunda wosakanizidwa ndi mchenga. Nthawi zambiri mbewu zimachitika mu Epulo-Meyi, koma mitundu ina ya basamu, mwachitsanzo, New Guinean hybrid, ikhoza kufesedwa mu Januware.

Kufesa njira ya basamu:

• gawo lokonzekereratu limayikidwa muzotengera zazing'onoting'ono, zothira ndi mfuti yoluka;
• njere zimayikidwa panthaka kuti mtunda pakati pawo ukhale wa 3-4 cm;
• sikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza mbewu kwathunthu, pang'ono pokha - ndi mchenga kapena dothi lofinya;
• Mukatha kunyowetsa mbewu, malo obiriwira amakhazikitsidwa.

Pambuyo pa masiku 5 mpaka 15, mutha kuyembekezera kutulutsa mbewu. Akakhala ndi kukula kwa 1 masentimita, kukhala ndi masamba awiri athunthu ndizowonetsa kuti ndi nthawi yoti adumphidwe.

Kuti musangalale ndi maluwa a basamu aang'ono m'chilimwe, ndibwino kufesa mbande kale kumayambiriro kwa Marichi.

Kufalikira kwa basamu podulidwa

Njira yosavuta komanso yachangu kwambiri yofalitsira mafuta a basamu ndi kufalitsa mbewu. Kuti izi zitheke, m'mwezi wa Meyi-Juni, maluwa olimba, athanzi adayikidwa mwachidule. Tchire likangopereka mphukira zingapo zazitali, zimadulidwa ndikuzika m'madzi.

Kenako munabzalidwa mumbale zosakaniza ndi dothi losakaniza pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mutha kufalitsa maluwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Chomera chomera chamaluwa achilimwe ngakhale nthawi yozizira.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mbewu zazing'ono zimafunika kuwunikira kowala, apo ayi zikumera zidzatambasulidwa mwamphamvu popanda kupeza mphamvu ndi utoto.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Akakhala ndi basamu, olima maluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto otsatirawa:

• Mafuta a basamu amazirala ndikugwa. Zimachitika pamtunda wotsika 10 º,, komanso wopanda chinyezi.
• Zimayambira amakoka. Cholinga chake ndikuchepa kwakukulu kwa magetsi owala.
• Maonekedwe a mawanga pamasamba. Amayambitsa ndi fungal matenda a duwa.
• Mipira ya Basamu imagwa. Izi zimachitika pa kutentha kwambiri, mu mpweya wotentha, komanso nthaka ikamuma.
• Masamba azipindika ndi kugwa. Kuperewera kwa mchere, chinyezi kwambiri.
• Masamba amakhala otuwa. Vutoli limayambitsa kukhalitsa kwakutali, kapena mawonekedwe a tiziromboti.
• Mafuta a basamu alibe pachimake kapena satulutsa bwino. Zimachitika chifukwa chosowa michere kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa masamba ambiri.

Tizilombo ta basamu ndi nthata za akangaude, tizilombo tonyenga, mavu, nsabwe za m'masamba komanso zovala zamtambo nazonso ndizofala.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya ma balsamu opanga ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Balsamu, Wired's, kapena Wading's Balsam, kapena balsamu wa Waller, "touchy", "Roly-wet", "kuwala", "water fuchsia", (Impatiens hostii, Impatiens walleriana, Impatiens sultanii) - onsewa ndi mayina amitundu imodzi, yomwe ndi gwero lalikulu la hybrids. Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi maluwa ataliatali komanso ochulukirapo, ma inflillcence a axillary okhala ndi miyala isanu, masamba opindika bwino masamba 12 cm.

Mitundu yotchuka ndi magulu a Wotalika

Balsamine Series 'Accent F1'. Zomera zazing'onoting'ono zazitali masentimita 15 mpaka 20, zamaluwa akuluakulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Balsamine Series 'Tempo F1 Zophatikiza'. Kutalika kwa tsinde kumasiyana kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 25 cm.Amadziwika ndi masamba oyamba ndi maluwa a lalanje ndi pinki.

Balsamine Series 'Stardust F, Wosakanikirana'. Imakhala ndi inflorescence ya mtundu wolemera wokhala ndi petals m'mphepete wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, wa pinki kapena wamakorali.

Mndandanda wa Balsamine 'Bruno F1'. Maluwa oyambilira oyambilira okhala ndi ma chromosomes awiriawiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kukana kwambiri pakusintha kwa kutentha, maluwa akuluakulu okhala ndi mainchesi 6 masentimita, kumera koyambirira kwambewu.

Balsamine Series 'Firefly'. Mtengowo ndi tchire loyera, maluwa ambiri okhala ndi maluwa ofiirira, ofiira, amtali pichesi, obisala msipu.

Balsamine Series 'Fiesta F1'. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi nthambi zambiri, komanso mtundu wina wamtundu umodzi kapena maluwa awiri apinki.

New Guinea Balsamu ndi Impatiens basamu wosakanizidwa wokhala ndi tsinde lalitali 30 masentimita ndi maluwa osakwatira omwe ndi mainchesi 7-8 cm okhala ndi spurs.

Mitundu yotchuka ya New Guinean Balsam

Mndandanda wa basamu 'Java'. Imakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira wamtundu wa "otentha" mu mawonekedwe a masamba obiriwira okwanira.

Mndandanda wa Balsamu 'Mvula ya Jangle'. Amapanga maluwa okongola a pastel.

Mndandanda wa Balsamu 'Rainforest Exotic'. Mitundu iwiri-yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira amdima.