Makangaza - kukula ndi chisamaliro kunyumba, mitundu yazithunzi

Makangaza (Punica) - mtundu wa mitengo yamtengo wapatali yokongola kapena zitsamba banja derbenic kunyumba kufika kutalika kwa 1.5 metres. Amadziwika ndi prickly nthambi, glossy wobiriwira lanceolate masamba, maluwa ofiira ofiira ofiira okhala ndi mapira asanu, ndi zipatso zowala zambiri.

Pomegranate wakuthengo ndi zilumba za Indian Ocean, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia. Mtundu wa chipinda cha mtengowo uli ndi kukula kwapakatikati ndipo, ndi chisamaliro choyenera, wakhala akukondweretsa ndi maluwa ndi zipatso kwa zaka zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri. M'minda ya ku Paris, toyesa-phula nthawi yayitali chimakula, chimabala zipatso kwa zaka zopitilira 100.

Zothandiza zimapangidwira makangaza

Kuphatikiza pa maonekedwe okongoletsa ndi zipatso zamtengo wapatali, mtengo wamakangaza wopanga kunyumba uli ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowoneka bwino komanso zamkati mchipindacho. Mwakutero, imagwira ntchito ngati moisturizer yachilengedwe, imachotsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, kaboni dayokisaidi, pomwe panthawi imodzimodziyo tikukwaniritsa chilengedwe ndi mpweya. Makangaza kukula m'malo ogwirira ntchito kumawonjezera kukana nkhawa, kugwira ntchito, kumachepetsa mantha.

Makangaza: chisamaliro chakunyumba. Mwachidule

Makangaza kunyumba sikungadzetse mavuto ambiri ngati mukudziwa mawonekedwe a mbewuyo ndikutsatira zotsatirazi zomwe zikukula:

Kusamalira makangaza kunyumba. Mwatsatanetsatane

Duwa la makangaza

Makangaza amakondweretsa diso kwa nthawi yayitali - kuyambira Epulo-Meyi mpaka kumapeto kwenikweni kwa chilimwe. Limamasula bwino kwambiri ndikukula kwakukulu m'maluwa akuluakulu ofiira ofiira, omwe amasiyanasiyana mawonekedwe ndi kuthekanso zipatso. Mtundu woyamba, waukulu kwambiri wa maluwa, ali ndi mawonekedwe owongoka belu ndipo samapanga zipatso.

Maluwa oterowo amatsegula masiku owerengeka okha ndikugwa. Lachiwiri - laling'ono kwambiri - ndi mtundu wachonde wa maluwa amakangaza, wooneka ngati dzenje ndikusunga maluwa pafupifupi masiku 10. Mutaphukira, zipatso zazing'onoting'ono zofiirira zofiirira zokhala ndi timizere tambiri tambiri tomwe timachokera ku ovary.

Mutabzala, makangaza apanyumba akuyamba kuphuka posachedwa kuposa zaka 3 pambuyo pake. Nthawi yomweyo, pamtengo mutha kuwona masamba, ndi thumba losunga mazira, ndi zipatso.

Njira yotentha

Makangaza ndi mbewu yokonda kutentha, motero nthawi yotentha ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kwa 25-27 ºº sikungavulaze mbewuyo. Malo abwino kwambiri m'chilimwe ndi mpweya wabwino komanso nyengo yotentha pang'ono. M'nyengo yozizira, bizinesi yanyumba imasowa mtendere wokhala ndi kutentha kwa 10-12 ºС.

Palinso mitundu ya makangaza yomwe siigonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndipo imatha kupilira kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa kwa -15 ºº. Monga lamulo, awa ndi mitundu yamaluwa yomwe imafuna malo ogona ndikusungidwa kwapadera kuti nyengo yachisanu ikhale yabwino.

Kuwaza

Pamatenthedwe olimba, makangaza safuna kupopera mankhwala tsiku lililonse. Sizingasokoneze pokhapokha ngati kuli ouma, kutentha pamwamba pa 28 ºº, komanso ngati mbewuyo ili padzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, kunyentchera kwampweya kumakhala kokwanira, kumapangitsa duwa kutalikirana ndi zida zamagetsi.

Kuwala

Chomera cha makangaza panyumba chimakula bwino ndi kubereka zipatso pokhapokha ngati chili pamalo owala bwino. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chidziwitse mbewuyi kuti idutse malo amadzuwa, osasinthika pang'ono masana. Ndi nyengo yozizira, tchire limabweretsedwa m'chipindacho, momwe limafunikiranso kuwunikira okwanira.

Mukasowa mphindi iyi, nthambi za mtengowo zimatulutsa moyipa, masamba ake amatha, zipatso zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa zimatha kugwa zisanakhwime.

Kutsirira Makangaza

Ngakhale kuti makangaza amalekerera chilala kwakanthawi kochepa, amafunika kuthirira ochuluka pakulima. Gawo lachiwirili, ngakhale kuyanika dothi laling'ono sikungaloledwe m'zomera za zipatso, chifukwa izi zimabweretsa zipatso zosapsa.

M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepa kwambiri, komabe kupewa kupukuta kwathunthu kwa dothi. Mutha kusungabe chinyezi chowonda pomasula kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Poto wa Makangaza

Poto wa makangaza amasankhidwa kutengera kutalika ndi msinkhu wake. Kwa makangaza aang'ono kwambiri, voliyumu yaying'ono ya 100 ml ndi yokwanira. Ndizophatikiza ndi zipatso zomwe sizingalole kukula kwa maluwa ambiri osabala. Zitsamba zamuyaya Zimasankha theka-lita kapena zopopera kwambiri, koma molingana ndi mizu ya mbewu.

Dothi

Makangaza kunyumba nthawi zambiri samasankha za dothi. Katundu wamkulu wa dothi lobzala mbewu ayenera kukhala mphamvu zake zopatsa thanzi. Dziko lapansi limalembetsedwa ndi michere ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe, komanso limaperekanso chinyezi chambiri. Nthaka zonse komanso mawonekedwe osakaniza a sod, tsamba, mchenga komanso magawo a peat pamlingo wa 2: 1: 1: 1 ndioyenera.

Zomera zamapometi, dothi la alkali lomwe lili ndi loamu lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, komanso zodzaza ndi zinthu zofunika kufufuza komanso kukhala ndi dongo la dongo lokwaniliridwa, mwala wosweka kapena miyala.

Feteleza ndi feteleza

Nthawi zambiri, chitsamba chimadyetsedwa chisanadze. Kwa izi, feteleza wa potashi ndi phosphorous, zina zowonjezera za nayitrogeni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Muyenera kusamala ndi chomalizirachi kuti chisawonjezeke komanso osachedwetsa maluwa.

M'nyengo yotentha, ndi yabwino kudyetsa mtengowo nthawi yothirira pogwiritsa ntchito madzi akumadzimadzimadzimadzi pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa lamatope (1 gawo phulusa mpaka magawo khumi). Pofuna kukolola, zowonjezera monga ma ndowa kapena manyowa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakangofika masiku oyambilira a nthawi yophukira, feteleza amaphunzitsidwa bwino mpaka nthawi yotsatira yophukira.

Thirani

Nthawi yopuma itangotha, kumapeto kwa Okutobala ndi kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, makangaza amaikidwa. Mosasamala zaka za mmera, njirayi imagwidwa mosamala kwambiri, kusamala kuti isawononge muzu wa mtengowo. Poterepa, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodutsa. Ngati mulingo wina udawonongeka - umachotsedwa mosamala, ndipo chidacho chimakonkhedwa ndi malasha osweka.

Mitengo yayitali kwambiri yosatha siyisintha ndikusintha kwathunthu, koma ingoyikani dothi lokwanira masentimita 4-5.

Kodi kudula makangaza?

Kusamalira makangaza kunyumba kumaphatikizapo kupangika korona, kupunthwa kwautali, mphukira. Njirayi imangopangitsanso mbewu, komanso imakupatsani mwayi wowongolera mphamvu zake kuti mukhale ndi maluwa ambiri ndi zipatso. Kudulira kumalimbikitsidwa muFebruary, nyengo isanayambe.

Kuti apange mawonekedwe okongoletsa mtengo, mphukira zake zimadulidwa kutalika koyenera kuti wosamalira mundawo akhalepo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti makangaza amatulutsa maluwa kumapeto kwa nthambi.

Ngati mukufuna kuti chomera chiwoneke ngati mtengo wokhazikika, chimadula mitengo ikuluikulu komanso nthambi zotsika mpaka 15 cm kuchokera pansi. Pankhaniyi, korona wapamwamba amapangidwa pansi pa "mpira".

Komanso mbewuyo imatha kusiyidwa kuti ikhale ngati chitsamba yobiriwira - pachifukwa ichi, nsonga zonse za nthambi zimaswedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, osachotsa mphukira zotsika.

Nthawi yopumula

Mitundu yamkangaza yamkati ndi m'munda imafunika nthawi yopuma, yomwe imayamba kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Pakadali pano, m'munda mwake mumakhala masamba kapena kutaya masamba, zomwe sizoyambitsa matenda, ndipo amasunga masamba kunyumba. Kuti muchotse bwino nyengo yachisanu ndikusinthika kwa mtengowu - grenade imakonzedwa ndi mchipinda chozizira, kuthirira ochepa, pang'ono pang'ono. Ndi kutha kwa nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumachulukitsidwa mosamala pamalirowo, ndikusinthidwanso kumalo otentha pang'ono, ndikuwonjezera kutentha kozungulira osati kwambiri, koma pang'onopang'ono.

Kukula makangaza pa mbewu

Kuti muchotse bwino makangaza pa mbewu, ndikofunika kutsatira zotsatirazi:

• zatsopano, zouma, zouma zouma zimakhala zopanda majeremusi ndipo zimanyowa mwachidule muzoyambitsa;
• Zinthu zakonzedwa zimayikidwa munthaka kapena dothi la zipatso za zipatso, kenako owazidwa ndi masentimita 1.5;
• mbande nthawi zonse wothira ndi kuziika pokhapokha ngati masamba angapo ophuka.

Mbewuzo zitamera ndi masentimita atatu, mbodzi zimadzigwirira mchidebe cha 100-150 ml, yomwe imakhala ndi mabowo otaya.

Pakumera mbewu kuchokera ku makangaza wamba ogulitsa, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti chomera chomwe chatulutsa sichingakhalebe ndiubwino ndipo sichidzapatsa zipatso zokoma.

Makangaza kufalikira ndi kudula

Makangaza, otengedwa kuchokera kudulidwe, amapatsa zipatso kale kwambiri kuposa mtengo wopangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu. Njira yodziwika yosakira makangaza ndi iyi:

• wocheperako, pang'ono olemekezeka odulidwa okhala ndi ma 4 internodes amadulidwa kuchokera mphukira zapachaka mpaka kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita;
• chisanaperekedwe mu chosangalatsa, nthambi zimabzalidwa munthaka yonyowa ndi vermiculite ndi mchenga wokhazikika pa 2 internodes;
• kutentha kwadongosolo akukonzekera: wowonjezera kutentha, kutentha kwa 23-25 ​​ºº, mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse.

Mawonekedwe ake amachitika patatha pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, monga zidzasonyezedwere ndi kupezeka kwa impso zazing'ono. Popeza makangaza safuna kuzika mizu, kubzala munthawi yomweyo kudula zingapo ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudziwe zotsatira zake.

Njira ina yobzala mtengo ndikuzula mizu m'madzi. Mwa njira iyi, makangaza mumaduladula 5 cm, kenako ndikuyika m'madzi osalala ndikuyika m'malo obisika, otetezedwa ku dzuwa ndikuwunikira mwachindunji. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yophukira muzu mwanjira imeneyi ndi kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuyamba kwa chilimwe.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mukamakula makangaza, mumakumana ndi zovuta zina. Pansipa pali zovuta zazikulu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa:

• makangaza owuma kunyumba m'malo okhala ndi mpweya wouma, chinyezi chochepa, komanso chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa mizu;
• mizu yoola ndi kusefukira kwa mbewu nthawi zonse, chinyezi chikasunthika, madziwo amakhala osokonekera;
• amawotcha pamasamba zitha kupezeka mumtengo wofowoka womwe umayatsidwa ndi dzuwa;
• mawanga pamasamba amakangaza kuwoneka chifukwa chamadzi othilira pansi m'nthaka, komanso chifukwa cha ma virus kapena mafangasi.

Kuphatikiza apo, makangaza amkati amakonda kukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo monga ma buluku, njenjete, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, aphid, nthata za akangaude.

Mitundu yamakangaza opanga ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Masiku ano, mitundu yochepa chabe ya makangaza yomwe imadziwika:

Makangaza a Socotran

Chachilendo chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe ndi kutalika kwa 2.5-5 metres ndi inflorescence yaying'ono ya pinkish ndi zipatso zosaphatikizika.

Makangaza wamba

Mtundu wobzalidwa ponseponse ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira, zipatso zokoma kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri yamakangaza okongoletsa amtunduwu, omwe ali ndi maluwa oyera, achikaso, oyera oyera oyera.

Pomegranate wa Nkhondo (Nana)

Mphembwe yophatikiza, yokhala payokha. Limamasula ndipo limabala zipatso nthawi yayitali, zipatso zake ndizosakhazikika, osachulukanso masentimita 5. Kenako, chifukwa cha obereketsa ambiri, zidapangitsa mitundu yoposa 500 ya mitundu, monga:

- Uzbekistan. Zosiyanazo zimadziwika ndi kukoma kotsekemera kwa zipatso, kutalika kwakukulu kwa mtengowo ndi mamita awiri;

- Ruby. Ili ndi maluwa aubweya wolemera ruby, makangaza 6-8 masentimita;

- Carthage. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi zipatso zowawasa ndipo ndizofala kuti igwetseke masamba nthawi yonse yopanda zipatso;

- Shah-nar. Makanda amtunduwu ndi oboola pakati, amaonedwa ngati okoma kwambiri;

- Mwana. Mtengo ndi theka wamtali wamtali wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono zazifupi ndi 3 cm.