Kwa zaka zingapo, petunia wakhala mtsogoleri pa msika wazomera zam'munda. Koma si anthu onse omwe amadziwa mfundo zomwe zingalimidwe. Duwa limakonda kudulira. Momwe mungakhinikizire petunia wopepuka sichovuta kumvetsetsa, muyenera kudula nsonga za mitengo yake munthawi yake ndipo iyamba kulola mphukira zam'mbali. Mukadulira, maluwa ambiri atsopano ndi opaka amapangira chitsamba. Nkhaniyi imakamba za malamulo okanikiza pakati petunia komanso momwe angasamalire bwino chikhalidwe ichi.
Kodi ndifunika kutsina petunia wopambana?
Petunia ndi chomera cham'mawa chaku Europe, kumayambiriro kwa 80s, petunia Avalanche ndi Lobelia wakale adabwera ku Russia. Koma palibe amene amadziwa kumusamalira bwino komanso ngati kunali koyenera kutsina petunia wokwera.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, wamaluwa adakhulupirira kuti amakonda madzi, ndiwofunda ndipo satha kulekerera chisanu champhamvu, ndipo amakhudzanso kudulira.
Kodi maluwa amawoneka bwanji
Kutsina ndi njira yochepetsa miyala yayikulu kwambiri ya maluwa kuti ipange mphukira. Pamwamba pa petunia wokulirapo, ma sheet angapo amakhalabe. Tsinde lalikulu limalepheretsa chitsamba kukula, masamba sangathe kumera.
Ngati simutsina, ndiye kuti:
- Zidzafooketsa.
- Osakula patsogolo.
- Imakulitsidwa mwamphamvu.
- Maluwa samakula.
Atadulira, chisamaliro chimafunikira kuthengo, imaphatikizidwa ndi zina zowonjezera mchere (Agricola, Flower Garden), ndi zolimbikitsa kukula (Kornevin) zimawonjezeredwa. Muli chilichonse chomwe mukufuna kuti mubwezeretse komanso maluwa. Tchire limafunikira zovala zambiri zapamwamba. Kupanda kutero, mphukira zatsopano zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. Mukamangokoka, zinthu zina zimatsalira, sikofunikira kuti muzitaya. Mutha kufalitsa ndi zodula.
Momwe mungatsinire petunia wopindulitsa
Asanakhwime, amalimi amalimbikitsa kutsatira malamulowo:
- Gwiritsani ntchito lumo wosabala.
- Yesetsani kuti musawononge tumphuka.
- Mphukira zofowoka sizingadulidwe kwambiri.
- Kumwaza kumaloledwa kumaloledwa m'mawa kwambiri kapena dzuwa litalowa.
- Mutha kutsina petunia maulendo angapo, kuti mukhale maluwa ambiri.
- Zomera ziyenera kugulidwa kokha m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa.
- Maluwa onse owola ndi thunthu ziyenera kudulidwa.
- Mitundu ya petunias yomwe ili ndi masamba akuluakulu imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo.
- Simungathe kusakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
- Nthaka iyenera kutsukidwa namsongole ndi tizirombo.
Tcherani khutu! Zomera ziyenera kutsina. Njira imeneyi ikachitika molondola, chitsamba chimapanga nthambi zochulukirapo, nthawi yomwe maluwa adzachulukana, masamba akewo adzakhala opusa kwambiri.
Dziwani kuti mdulidwe umachulukitsa chomera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizithana ndi tizirombo. Simungathe kulimba, nkoyenera kuigwira mwachangu momwe mungathere. Ndikofunikira kusiya miyala yaying'ono, ndikudula mphukira pamwamba pawo. Nthawi ya njirayi imakhala kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kudulira koyamba kumachitika ngati chikhalidwecho chilimba kwambiri.
Zofunika! Kuchepetsa ndikofunikira kuti pakhale 5 pamakhala. Mu nthawi zochepa, maluwa samakhala ochulukirapo mutadulira. Palibenso chifukwa chodandaula, chifukwa patapita nthawi, mphukira zam'mbali zidzayambanso kukula, ndipo maluwa adzakulanso.
Kusenda-pang'ono-pang'ono-pang'ono kwa chomera pa magawo osiyanasiyana:
| Kudulira | Momwe mungachite | Zotsatira |
| Mu mbande | Kuchotsa kwathunthu kwa zimayambira kuzungulira tsamba 5 | Imayambitsa kukula kwa mphukira zam'mbali, ndiye maziko a chitsamba |
| Patatha masiku 5 mutasinthana kumalo okhazikika | Mbali yokonzanso imafalikira tsamba lachisanu | Amathandizira kukula kwakukulu ndi maluwa ambiri |
| Nthawi zonse mwezi uliwonse | Kutenga kwa nsonga zowonjezera, mphukira zam'mbali, kusintha kwazomera | Imayendetsa maluwa ambiri, imasunga mkhalidwe wokongoletsedwa korona |
Ampoule petunias: nthawi yanji ndi momwe mungakhininira chomera chamaluwa
Ngati chitsamba chayamba kale kuphuka m'miphika ndi makreti, pamwamba chimapangidwa, ndipo chimakhala ndikudulira masamba aku mbali.
Nthawi zambiri zitsamba za petuni zimabzalidwa mumphika (bokosi), pomwe nthawi ina idang'ambika mbande, ndipo tsopano akutulutsa mphamvu mphukira. Ndikofunikira kukhala wopanga munthawi yopinira; mbewuyo imatha kupatsidwa mawonekedwe omwe angafune. Zimangotengera wosamalira mundawo kutalika komwe akufuna kuti awone mphukira zikuyenda mumtsinje wamadzi owoneka bwino.
Ampelous petunia pamene kudina mbande
Kudulira koyamba sikuchitika kale kuposa masiku 45 mutabzala mbewu m'nthaka. Pa duwa liyenera kukhala pamitundu yosachepera 5-6, yomwe iyenera kukhala yathanzi kwathunthu. Ntchito imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito lumo yaying'ono, kapena mpeni wachinyengo. Ambiri mwa alimi odziwa bwino ntchito zamaluwa afikira poti kupanikizana ndi misomali ndizoletsedwa.
Zotsatira
Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti masamba asamasuke, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ndikumauma. Chepetsa pamwamba pamtengowo pafupifupi masentimita 3-4. Palibe chifukwa choti kutalika kwa cholembedwacho kukhale kwakukulu kuposa kutalika kwa chitsamba chonse. Chiwerengero choyenera ndi 1: 3, pomwe gawo limodzi limachotsedwa, ndipo linalo atatuwo ndi chitsamba chonse.
Kodi kutsina waukulu petunia pambuyo kumera
Muyenera kutsina pachomera mutatuluka dzuwa pa tsiku 75 la kubzala. Kukonzanso kumachitika kuti nthambi zong'ambika kumene zokhala zikuluzikulu zipereke nthambi zatsopano, chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa maluwa kudzachulukira panthawi ya maluwa. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi muyenera kudutsa pakati pa mabala. Ngati izi sizitsatiridwa, ndiye kuti duwa likhala ndi nkhawa, chifukwa cha izi lidzayamba kumera bwino, komanso silimaphuka.
Momwe mungapangire chopatsa chochuluka
Mothandizidwa ndi mapangidwe kokha, kukongoletsa kwa petunias kumatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Nipping ikuchitika zingapo. Kuyamba, kudula mphukira ziwiri, patatha sabata limodzi awiri enanso kenako mphukira zotsala. Ndi mawonekedwe awa, mphukira zakale za maluwa ndi zatsopano zimapitilira kuthengo.
Tcherani khutu! Pang'onopang'ono mapangidwe a chitsamba, osadina, koma kokha. Chepetsa nthambi, kusiya masamba awiri kapena atatu panthaka. Nthambi zatsopano zimayamba kumera kwa iwo, patatha milungu iwiri duwa limayamba kubisala ndikuyamba kumera, ndi maluwa ambiri.
Momwe mungapangire bwino petunia wokulira
Kwenikweni, petunia wopambana uyenera kukhala chitsamba chobiriwira. Palibenso chifukwa chopanga chitsamba chokulirapo, nthawi zina chimangodulidwa masamba. Izi ndizofunikira kuti duwa lizitsogolera mphamvu zake zonse pakupanga masamba atsopano ndi maluwa opepuka. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsina petunia pa siteji ya mmera. Kudulira chachikulu kumathandiza kuti chomera chikule kwambiri.
Zofunika! Ngati dzinja lili lozizira mokwanira komanso ndimvula yambiri, ndiye kuti chomera chimayenera kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri.
Maluwa mumphika wopachikika
Omwe alimi ambiri amalimbikitsa kuti nyengo yanyontho chifukwa cha kuwala kwambiri, matenda a fungus amapanga tchire. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kupeta chitsamba kuti chikhale bwino kukonzekera. Izi zimagwira makamaka pa mitundu ya ampel.
Momwe mungayang'anire petunia yapamwamba
Ngati simutsina, mbewuyo imatambasuka kwambiri, ndipo maluwa ang'onoang'ono amtundu wamtundu wamtunduwo amamera. Ngati mumadula bwino nsonga za tchire, kukula kwa zitsamba zoyambira kumalimbikitsidwa ngakhale mukubzala mbande. Ndipo m'milungu yochepa chabe, masamba abwino owoneka.
Tcherani khutu! Kudintha koyamba kubzala pakati pa kulima mbande. Nthawi yoyenera kwambiri izi zimatengera mtundu wa mbewu yomwe yasankhidwa.
Chifukwa chachikulu petunia amakula
Kotero kuti palibe kutalika kwa chitsamba cha petunia chifukwa chosowa kuwala, kuyenera kuyatsidwa nthawi zonse ndi nyali za fluorescent kapena nyali zina zapadera. Ndikofunika kuperekanso kuwala kuzungulira nthawi yonseyo.
Usiku, kuwala kuyenera kuzimiririka. Mtunda kuchokera pa nyali kupita ku duwa pafupifupi masentimita makumi awiri ndi kasanu.
Ngati matenthedwe apamwamba madigiri 25 ndi chinyezi chachikulu, ndiye kuti mbewu zimakula bwino. Koma kwa maluwa wopangidwa, kutentha koteroko kumaphetsa, kumayamba kutambalala kenako kufa. Kuti muthane ndi vutoli, ikani chitsamba pamalo ozizira.
Itha kutambasula chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Nthawi zambiri, kuyambira wamaluwa, chomera chikaphuka, mwadzidzidzi chitseguleni kapena filimu yapamwamba. Kuchita izi nkoletsedwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muchepetse chinyezi pang'onopang'ono ndikuyamba ndikutsegula chivundikiro kwakanthawi kochepa.
Ntchito feteleza
Tchire lokwera kwambiri liyenera kudulidwamo kapena mbewu zofooka. Ngati mbande ndizochepa, ndiye muyenera kuyinyamula. Ndipo tsatirani kutentha kwa pafupifupi madigiri 18.
Pomaliza, zitha kudziwika kuti muyenera kutsina ndi petunia ampel ndi masewera, mbewu zina zonsezo sizikhala ndizodulira nthawi zonse. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mbewuyo imafunikira malo ambiri, choncho sikulimbikitsidwa kuti ibzale mumaphika ang'onoang'ono. Onetsetsani kuti mwayang'ana nyengo ya mbewuyo.
