Mitengo yosiyanasiyana imakhala yozungulira anthu kulikonse. Komabe, si aliyense amene amadziwa kuti mitengo yabwino ndi iti, mitundu yawo, mayina. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za iwo, komanso njira yofikira.
Mtengo wamoyo
Mayina ndi mafotokozedwe azomera zofunika kwambiri:
Common Oak ndi mtundu wamtundu wa Oak kuchokera ku banja la Beech, lomwe limafikira kutalika kwa 30-40 m ndikukhala pamalo akulu. Mtengowo pawokha ndi waukulu, wotambalala, wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri ndi thunthu (pafupi 3 mita). Chisoti chachifumucho ndi chowoneka ngati bowo, chooneka bwino, chobiriwira chakuda ndi tint yoyera. Makungwa ayandikira pafupi ndi wakuda, makulidwe. Masamba ndi owuma, owoneka ngati mtima, wamkulu, wosiyana.
Zomera zowola
Ming'alu yakuya imawoneka pomwe mtengo wafika zaka 20-30. Chomera cha m'nthawi yachilengedwe chimakhala ndi zaka pafupifupi 300-400, kwinakwake zaka 100 chimatha kukula.
Zambiri! Ku Lithuania, mtengo wopala wakale kwambiri wakale wa ojambulidwa, womwe, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana, ndi wazaka 700 mpaka 2000.
Kugawidwa ku Western Europe, kumadzulo kwa Russia, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia.
White acacia (wabodza-robinia) ndi mtundu wamtundu wa Robinia kuchokera ku banja la legume. Nthawi zambiri mtengowu umafika 20-25 m, koma palinso wina 30-30 m. Acacia ndi yotambalala ndi korona wobowoleza ndi thunthu lolimba ndi mulifupi wa 1 mita, nthawi zina zambiri. Masamba ndi ang'ono, obiriwira opepuka, ozunguliridwa, osanjikiza pafupifupi 10-25 cm.
Zofunika! Mthethe yoyera simtundu wa Acacia. Sizingathe kutchedwa chifukwa cha zinthu zaziphuphu.
Amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka zana. Komabe, pambuyo pa zaka 40 zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimawerengedwa kale kuti ndi zakale. Ku France, ku Paris, amakula robinia wakale kwambiri, yemwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 400. Imaphulika, ngakhale imathandizidwa ndi mitengo iwiri yopangira simenti. Kwawo - East North America. Tsopanokula ngati chomera chokongoletsera pamakontrakitala onse, m'malo otentha.
Mapulo ooneka ngati mafani (ooneka ngati fan) ndi amtundu wa Maple ochokera kubanja la a Salindov. Kutalika kumayambira 6 mpaka 10 m, mulinso 16 m, chifukwa chake sizitenga malo ambiri. Ili ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ingapo. Makungwa ake ndi a bulauni ndipo amatenthetsana ndipo amabera pang'ono. Masamba okhala ndi masamba 5, 7 kapena 9 a nkhokwe zazitali masentimita 4 mpaka 6. Utoto umachokera ku wobiriwira-pinki kupita burgundy. Chihema cha Crohn. Itha kuwoneka mosiyana kutengera zaka.
Zaka zitha kukhala zaka 100. Kope lakale kwambiri lili ku USA (New York), omwe ali ndi zaka 114. Kwawo ndi Japan, Korea ndi China, koma kumazika madera ena.
Mapu opanga mawonekedwe a Dune
White birch ndi dzina lomwe limagwira ntchito ku mitundu iwiri kuchokera ku genir Birch, banja la Birch: fluffy birch (pubescent) ndi drooping birch, kufikira 25 mpaka 30 m kutalika mpaka 1 mita kutalika. Mitundu yonseyi ndi mitengo yapamwamba kwambiri ku Middle Band, yomwe masamba ake ndiotalika masentimita 7, ang'ono, obiriwira owala bwino, ovoid. Makungwa ake amakhala ansalu, mpaka zaka 10 amayamba kukhala oyera.
Zofunika! Khungwa lolira ndi losalala, loyera, lopanda ming'alu, pomwe khungubwi loluka liri moyang'anizana.
Amamera ku Europe, Russia, mwachitsanzo, ambiri obzalidwa m'matawuni. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iwiri imamera limodzi, ndichifukwa chake dzina limodzi lomwelo lidatuluka. Kutalika kwa moyo ndi zaka pafupifupi 120, ngakhale nthawi zina kumachitika zochulukirapo.
Mapu a acutifolia (mawonekedwe, mapangidwe a ndege, mapangidwe a ndege) ndi amtundu wa mapulo amtundu wochokera ku banja la Salindaceae. Imafika pamtunda wa 12 mpaka 28 m. Masamba opangidwa ndi masamba oyenda ndi 5 kapena 7 lobes mpaka 18 cm. Maple ndi oimira mitengo yowongolera, motero mtunduwo umasiyanasiyana kuchokera kubiriwira wobiriwira mpaka lalanje kutengera nyengo. Makungwa amtundu wotuwa amakhala osalala ndipo amatha kumala nthawi yayitali.
M'malo abwino, imatha kukhala ndi zaka 200, ngakhale zaka 50-60 sizikukhalanso. Imodzi mwa mapu akale kwambiri owoneka ngati ndege amakula ku Ukraine, Kiev. Malo omwe amakhala ndi Europe, gawo lakumadzulo kwa Asia.
Horse chestnut Pavia ndi mtundu wamtundu wa mahatchi ama Chestnuts ochokera ku banja la a Salindov. Mtengo waung'ono mpaka mamita 12. Thunthu lake ndi laling'ono, lochepera, lomwe limakutidwa ndi makungwa owala, otuwa. Crohn ndi yotakata, yokhala ndi masamba ofiira. Amayenda mpaka 14 cm kutalika ndi m'mphepete mwa seva ndi mitsempha yowoneka bwino yobiriwira. Amakhala ndi ma lobes asanu ochepa.
M'mikhalidwe yabwino, amakhala zaka 200 mpaka 300, ngakhale nthawi zambiri zimakhala zaka 150. Kummwera kwa Europe, India, Asia, anthu amakonda kuwabzala kudzikolo kapena pafupi ndi nyumba ngati chomera chokongoletsera, mwachilengedwe atha kupezeka ku North America.
Hatchi Yankhondo
Mapiko a euonymus ndi amtundu wamtundu wa euonymus kuchokera ku banja la euonymus. Kachitsamba kakang'ono mpaka 3 m wamtali wokhala ndi korona wopanda nthambi. Thunthu lake ndi loonda komanso nthambi zambiri. Makungwa ake ndi a bulauni, m'mphepete mwake muli mapiko osangalatsa a kabichi. Masamba amakhala obiriwira mpaka 5cm wobiriwira, koma m'dzinja amatha kukhala ofiira a carmine.
Zimakhala zaka 50-60. Munthawi imeneyi, mizu ndi thunthu zimalimbitsidwa, Kukula kumatha zaka 25-30. Kugawidwa ku Japan, Manchuria ndi Central China.
Tcherani khutu! Itha kukhala mkati.
European beech ndi mtundu wamtundu wa Beech wochokera ku banja la Beech. Mtengowu umafikira kutalika kwa 50 m, wokhala ndi thunthu lopendekera, looneka ngati mizere mpaka 2m mulifupi. Crohn ndi yotakata, yozungulira. Makungwa sakhala akuda kwambiri, amtundu, osalala, koma pakhoza kukhala miyeso yaying'ono. Masamba ndi ozungulira, amawalozera kumunsi komanso pamwamba mpaka 10c. Utoto umachokera ku zobiriwira zakuda mchaka mpaka zofiirira m'dzinja.
Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, m'badwo wa beech ukhoza kukhala zaka 500, ndipo mpaka zaka 300. Komabe, pali zochitika zina zomwe zili ndi zaka pafupifupi 930. Nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa ku Europe, komanso imayambitsa North America.
European beech
Apple mtengo - mtundu wa banja Pinki, subfamily Plum. Mndandandawu uli ndi mitundu 62. Odziwika kwambiri: kunyumba, Chinese komanso otsika. Mitengo yokhala ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi yochokera mamita 2,5 mpaka 15. Masamba amasamba pansipa ndi magawo okhala ndi otsika kapena otsala. Maluwa amatengedwa mu maluwa ochepa a corymbose inflorescence. Chipatsocho ndi apulo wopangidwa kuchokera ku ovary yam'munsi.
Tcherani khutu! Mtengo wa apulo ndi wolimba, monga chikhalidwe chobadwa nacho. Zaka zimafika zaka zana. Komabe, mitundu yamtchire imatha kukula mpaka zaka 300.
Mtengo wa apulo ndiofalikira ku Europe, Iran, Crimea, China, Mongolia, ndi Russia.
Linden ndi membala wa banja la Malvaceae, lomwe lili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 45. Zodziwika kwambiri: aang'ono-oyenda, okhathamira, amamva, aku America, etc. Kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 20 mpaka 38 m. Masamba amaumbidwa ndi mtima mbali yaying'ono kapena yocheperako; Makungwa amtundu wakuda, pali ming'alu yochepa. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala pepala.
Linden ndi mtengo osatha wokhala ndi zaka 500. Mitundu ina imakula motalika: mpaka 800, ndi zaka 1000 (linden cordate). Nthawi zambiri amapezeka kumadera akum'mawa kwa Europe, Asia ndi North America.
Common Ash - mtundu wa mtundu wa Ash kuchokera ku banja la Azitona, lomwe limafikira 20-30 m kutalika, thunthu m'mimba mwake 1 mita. Makungwa ake ndi a bulauni, otuwa ndi pang'ono ming'alu. Masamba ndi pinnate, omwe amatha kukhala ndi masamba 7 mpaka 15. Masamba ndi ovate, elongated, sessile.
Mtengo wokhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali umafika zaka 400. Kwawo - Europe, Transcaucasia ndi Iran.
Phulusa wamba
Kugwedezeka kwa popula (aspen) - mtundu wa genus Poplar wochokera ku banja la a Willow. Imafika 35 m kutalika ndi mita 1 mulifupi. Makungwa ake ndi opepuka, otuwa, osweka ndi kudera nthawi. Masamba amakhala opindika mpaka 7 cm, chilumba pamwamba. Chisoti chachifumu ndichachikulu, chofalikira.
Mitengo yambiri imakhala ndi zaka 80, ngakhale imapezeka zaka 150. Kugawidwa ku Europe, Asia, East Africa, North America.
Hornbeam ndi mtundu wa banja la Birch, lomwe lili ndi mitundu 41. Makungwa ake ndi imvi, akuswa pang'ono. Masamba obowola mpaka 10cm okhala ndi malo ofanana-a pini, wobiriwira wakuda ndi nsonga yakuthwa. Thunthu lake ndi loonda, lokongola.
Zaka zimakhala zaka 100 mpaka 150, ngakhale zimachitika mpaka zaka 400. Mitundu imayimiriridwa ku Asia, makamaka ku China, komanso ku Europe.
Ash ndi mtundu wa banja la Olive. Imafika 25-25 m, ena mpaka 60 m kutalika. Kutalika kwa thunthu kuli mpaka mamita 1. Korona amakwezedwa kwambiri, mozungulira lonse. Makungwa ake ndi imvi, yosalala, pansi ndi ming'alu yaying'ono. Masamba osiyanitsidwa ndi 40 cm, omwe ali ndi masamba 7-15. Zotsalazo ndizobiriwira zakuda zomwe zili ndi mbali zonse zowoneka bwino, zokhala pamwambapa.
Phulusa limatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 400. Imapezeka ku Europe, Russia, Asia.
Mitengo yokonda madzi kuti ikokere pamalowo
Madera ena a dothi amathanso kukhala onyowa komanso onyowa, ndichifukwa chake mbewu zina sizimakula bwino. Njira yotulukamo ndi kubzala mitengo yokondera chinyezi.
Alder ndi mtundu wa banja la a Birch, osiyanasiyana omwe ndi mitundu 40. Amasiyidwa mopanda malire ndikumapeto kowoneka bwino. Makungwa ake ndi a bulauni ndi ming'alu yaying'ono. Crohn yayitali, yayikulu. Mawonekedwe amoyo amasintha kuchokera kumikhalidwe. Popeza chowongolera chimakonda chinyezi, nthawi zambiri chimatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi madambo. Mmenemo amaimiridwa ndi mitengo mpaka mamita 30. M'malo ouma amawoneka ngati mtengo wawung'ono, nthawi zina shrub.
Zambiri! Wood amatchuka kuti agwiritse ntchito popanga mafelemu, mipando, makalasi ochepera, masukulu, kindergartens.
Larch ndi mtundu wa banja la Pine. Ndi chinyezi chabwino, imatha kukula mpaka 50 m ndikukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 300-400 (pali zoyerekeza zomwe zidapulumuka zaka 800). Singano ndi yofewa, chisoti chamasuka. Mitengo ikakhala yocheperako, makungwa amakhala ansalu ndi ming'alu yaying'ono. Amamera m'madera otentha, otentha a Eurasia ndi North America. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango zachilengedwe.
Mapulo a Chitata ndi amtundu wa maple amtundu wa Maple, banja la Salindov. Koyambira ku Europe ndi South Sest Asia, imakula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, amatha kupitirira 12 m kutalika ndi khungwa loonda, losalala, lakuda komanso losavuta, moyang'anizana, loval masamba mpaka 11 cm.
Zofunika! Chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa kwa matupi amadzi, kuchuluka kwa toyesa kumachepa.
Maula apanyumba
Komanso madzi sungunuka ndi phulusa, birch ndi mtengo wamafuta zipatso.
Kwa moyo, munthu ayenera kubzala mtengo, kumanga nyumba ndi kulera mwana. Nkhaniyi idapereka zambiri zothandiza pothana ndi chinthu choyamba posankha mtengo womwe ungazike bwino ndi tsamba la mwini wake.
