Pafupifupi malo aliwonse okhala pansi pamakhala kufunika kuthana ndi mtengo womwe ukukula. Zifukwa izi zitha kukhala zosiyana: Mtengowo wauma kapena wabowola, umapanga mthunzi wambiri, ngozi yakuwonongeka kwa mizere yamagetsi ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, zoyipa zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa zouma zimatha kufikira oyandikana ndikuzipha. Ngati kugawanika kwa nkhuni sikubweretsa zovuta zilizonse, ndiye kuti kuchotsa chitsa chotsalira kungakhale ntchito yayikulu.
Mitengo yosula
Ngati mtengo ungathe kupulumutsidwa, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za akatswiri - arborists, omwe ali ambiri m'mizinda yayikulu, mwachitsanzo, ku Moscow ndi dera la Moscow. Mitengo yawo sinakweze kumwamba kwambiri.
Chiwembu
Komabe, ngati lingaliro lipangidwe, kuwonongeka kwa mtengo kuyenera kuyamba. Kutula mitengo kumakhala magawo angapo, woyamba wake ndikudula kwa thunthu.
Mitengo ingati imakhala
Kutengera mitundu, kutalika kwa mitengo kumatha kuyambira zaka makumi angapo mpaka zaka masauzande angapo. Komabe, kukula kwawo sikuma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa thunthu ndi thunthu la mizu. Zimakhudzidwanso ndi zomwe zikukula: kapangidwe ka nthaka, mpweya wabwino, chilengedwe.
Zambiri! Ndiye kuti, amodzi amtundu womwewo amatha kufikira zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa mzinda ndi m'nkhalango.
Gome ili pansipa limafotokoza kuchuluka kwa mitengo, yomwe imakhala yambiri ku Russia. Ma mfundo okhala mumabadu amaperekedwa m'malo abwino momwe azikhalamo ambiri.
| Onani | Kutalika kwakukulu, m | Zaka za moyo, zaka |
| Maula apanyumba | 6-12 | 15-60 |
| Madera achikulire | 15-20 (25) | 50-70 (150) |
| Aspen | mpaka 35 | 80-100 (150) |
| Phulusa paphiri | 4-10 (15-20) | 80-100 (300) |
| Thuja kumadzulo | 15-20 | opitilira 100 |
| Tsitsi lakuda | 30 (35) | 100-150 (300) |
| Warty birch | 20-30 (35) | 150 (300) |
| Elm yosalala | 25-30 (35) | 150 (300-400) |
| Mafuta a basamu | 15-25 | 150-200 |
| Fir Siberian | mpaka 30 (40) | 150-200 |
| Phulusa wamba | 25-35 (40) | 150-200 (350) |
| Mtengo wamtchire wamtchire | 10 (15) | mpaka 200 |
| Peyala wamba | mpaka 20 (30) | 200 (300) |
| Elm | 25-30 (40) | mpaka 300 |
| Spruce waku Europe | 30-35 (60) | 300-400 (500) |
| Pine wamba | 20-40 (45) | 300-400 (600) |
| Makanda ang'ono-ang'ono | mpaka 30 (40) | 300-400 (600) |
| Forest beech | 25-30 (50) | 400-500 |
| Pini wa mkungudza waku Siberia | mpaka 35 (40) | 400-500 |
| Prickly spruce | 30 (45) | 400-600 |
| Larch waku Europe | 30-40 (50) | mpaka 500 |
| Achifumu a ku Siberia | mpaka 45 | mpaka 500 (900) |
| Juniper | 1-3 (12) | 500 (800-1000) |
| Lzhetsuga wamba | mpaka 100 | mpaka 700 |
| Pini wam mkungudza ku Europe | mpaka 25 | mpaka 1000 |
| Yewu mabulosi | mpaka 15 (20) | 1000 (2000-4000) |
| Chingerezi oak | 30-40 (50) | mpaka 1500 |
| Holly Maple | 12-28 | mpaka 150 |
Momwe mungachotsere mitengo youma pamalo
Musanazule chitsa, ndikofunika kuchotsa pamtengo. Mtengo wouma uzichotsedwa m'malo. Choyamba muyenera kuchotsa nthambi ndi nthambi pa thunthu lokha. Ngati mtengowo ndi wawukulu mokwanira komanso wolimba, mutha kuwukwera, kuwona chisamaliro chachikulu. Ngati ili yaying'ono kutalika, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makwerero kapena wowonda.
Tcherani khutu! Nthambi zikuluzikulu ziyenera kumangidwa ndi chingwe ndikutsitsidwa pansi kuti zisaononge mbewu zomwe zikupezeka pafupi.
Nthambi za thunthu zikachotsedwa, mutha kupitirira gawo lotsatira, kutakatula thunthu. Nthawi yomweyo, imayenera kuzikidwa mbali, woyamba mbali yapamwamba kenako yotsika, kusiya chitsa pafupifupi mita ndi theka. Mbali zam'mwamba za thunthu lalikulu, ndikofunikira kuti zitsike pansi pam chingwe.
Kuti mutetezeke, ndikofunikira kudziwa pasadakhale malo omwe adzakonzedwe kuti atayeze mtengo. Kenako pindani pang'onopang'ono kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana, kuti muwoneke molondola.
Momwe mungachotsere chitsa ndi mitengo
Mawu oti "kuzula" akuyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndi njira yochotsa chitsa pansi ndi kuyesetsa kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, chovuta chachikulu chodula ndikuchotsa dimba la mizu, lomwe, limapangitsa kuti mtengo ukhale pansi.
Kukula
Njira zokwezera chitsa chakale patsamba
Pali njira zitatu zochotsera stumps:
- makina, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, kuphatikizira m'malo mwa munthu. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuphwanya ndi kuzula ndi thirakitara kapena makina owina;
- mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Njira yake ndiyosavuta, koma imafuna nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi chaka) ndi mtengo wopezera mankhwala ofunikira;
- Buku, zida zokhazikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati mphamvu ndi mphamvu za munthu zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pokweza. Njirayi imagwira ntchito bwino pokhapokha chitsa chokhala ndi mainchesi ochepa, kapena ngati chouma kapena chowola.
Kuchotsa zinyalala za mtengo pouma ndi kuphwanya
Mwa njira iyi, chipangizo chapadera chomwe chimatchedwa crusher chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndiwodula ofukula ndi drive, yomwe imadula zotsalira za nkhuni zouma mbali. Zotsatira zake, dzenje ndi tchipisi zimatsala chitsa.
Kupwanya
Tcherani khutu! Chingwecho chimatha kuchotsa zotsalira ndikuzama masentimita 30. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kophatikizana, sikofunikira kukonzekera malo opumira ntchito, njira yokhayo imakhala yachangu komanso yolondola.
Ntchito zoterezi zimaperekedwa ndi mabungwe apadera. Mutha kugulanso chopukutira chogwiritsa ntchito nokha mu shopu yogulitsa maawachesi ndi zida zina zofananira.
Komabe, njirayi ili ndi zovuta zake. Pakuphwanya, mizu sikukhudzidwa, kotero yankho lavuto la momwe mungachotsere mizu yamitengo imatsalira malinga ndi mwiniwake wa tsambalo. Tikachotsa chitsa mwanjira iyi, mtengo watsopano sungabzidwe m'malo mwake osachepera zaka zitatu. Zochita zoyipa zomwe zidapangitsa kuti mtengowo udutse kupitilizabe pamizu ndipo zitha kufalikira ku mitengo ina yobzalidwa pamalowo. Zomwezi zikugwiranso ntchito ku tizirombo zomwe sizingakhazikike motere.
Kuchotsa stumps pamalopo ndi nkhwangwa ndi crowbar
Choyamba muyenera kukumba lapansi kuzungulira chitsa pamtunda wa 0.5-1 m ndikuya kuya kwa theka la mita (kutengera mizu ya mtengowo). Pambuyo pake, ndi nkhwangwa, kudula mizu mozungulira, kuyesa kutenga ambiri aiwo momwe mungathere. Zimatengera kuti chitsa chake chimachoka pomwepo. Ngati thunthu la thunthu ndi laling'ono (mpaka 20 cm), ndiye kugwiritsa ntchito kakhwangwala kugawa nkhuni, ndikuchotsa chitsa mu magawo.
Ngati mtengowo ndi wokulirapo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina, yomwe mumafunikira othandizira ndikukonzekera pang'ono. Pa chitsa pachokha, muyenera kuyika miyala yopingasa, yomwe muyenera kukoka chingwe. Wothandizira amakoka mbiya mbali mbali zosiyanasiyana, kuyesera kumasula chitsa. Poterepa, mizu ina imawululidwa, yomwe iyenera kudulidwanso.
Zambiri! Mitengo yambiri imakhala ndi muzu wokhazikika pansi kwambiri ndipo imakula. Mutha kufika pokhapokha pokumba pansi pa mtengo.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa chitsa, mizu yambiri imakhazikika pansi. Mitundu ina ya mitengo, mwachitsanzo, baobab, imakhala ndi thunthu lokwera mpaka 8 mamilimita. Kukula kumapitilizabe mpaka mitengo itakhala zaka.
Momwe mungasule mitengo ngati kuyesayesa kwanu sikungakuthandizeni? Poterepa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chopukutira china chopakidwa pa thirakitara. Kuphwanya chingwe ndi ngozi, chifukwa imatha kuwononga osati kokha mbewu zoyandikana kapena thirakitara yakeye (chotchingira mphepo), komanso kuvulaza anthu. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida, zochulukirapo ziyenera kuchotsedwa kumalo owopsa. Choyipa chachikulu pakuchotsa mitengo ndi zitsa kuti mupange kukonza malo ndi kusagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta kufikirako, komanso kuwerengetsa koyenera kwa mtengo.
Minus wina - sichikudziwika momwe mungachotse zotsalira za mizu yamitengo pamalowa.
Zida ndi zokonza zofunika kudula ndi kuchotsa mtengo
Chida chachikulu chotsanulira stumps chimapezeka pamunda uliwonse:
- fosholo (pakufukula pansi ndikudula mizu yaying'ono);
- nkhwangwa;
- hacksaw;
- chingwe (chomangira thunthu);
- nsapato zotakasuka, magolovu;
- bulosha yamanja kapena yamakina (ngati kuli kotheka).
Momwe mungachotsere stumps osadzuka: njira yamakementi oyaka ndi saltpeter
Momwe mungawonongere mizu yamitengo ya mitengo yaminga popanda kugwiritsa ntchito manja pang'onopang'ono? Chemistry ingathandize. Chofunikira chachikulu ndicho kupezeka kwa nthawi yayitali. Mwachitsanzo, ngati malo amchere atayikidwa m'chilimwe, chitsa chake chizitha kuwotchedwa nyengo yotsatira.
Kutulutsa
Makoko okhala ndi mulifupi mwake pafupifupi 1 masentimita ndipo akuya masentimita 40 amayikiridwa pamwamba pa chitsa. Potaziyamu kapena sodium nitrate imatsanuliridwamo mwa kuchuluka kwa 100 g iliyonse, ndipo madzi amatsanulidwa kuchokera kumwamba. Pambuyo pa izi, mabowo amakwiriridwa ndi mitengo ya nkhuni, ndipo chitsa chokha chimakutidwa ndi wokutira pulasitiki kuti chinyontho chisalowe. Munthawi imeneyi, chitsa chimakhalapo mpaka nthawi yamasika.
Mu kasupe, filimuyi imachotsedwa ndipo ma cork amachotsedwa. Madzi alionse osakanikirana amawathira m'maenje ndikuwotcha. Nitrate idalowa kale mu gawo la mizu ndikuthanso mpweya mu kuyaka. Chifukwa chake, chitsa chake chimawotchedwa mpaka mizu yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wochotsa matenda a mtengo. Kuchotsa pamanja sikufunika.
Zofunika! Gwiritsani ntchito njirayi mosamala. Muyenera kukhala ndi chozimitsira moto kuti muchoke pakulamulira.
Ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ochulukirapo, dothi limadetsedwa ndi nitrate. Simungagwiritse ntchito njirayi pa dothi la peat, apo ayi mutha kuwotcha osati chitsa chokha, koma dera lonse pamodzi ndi nyumbayo.
Urea amazika mizu ndi urea
Ndondomeko yeniyeniyo ndiyofanana ndi yomwe tafotokozayi, koma sikutanthauza kuti uyake, choncho itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa dothi lamtundu uliwonse.
Chitsa chija chimadulidwa pansi, kenako mbowo zakuya zimapangidwa pomwepo urea, ndikuthira madzi kuchokera kumwamba. Mabowo amatsekedwa, ndipo chitsa chimatsekedwa ndi filimu. Pakatha chaka, mtengowo udawonongedwa kwathunthu, kufikira mizu.
Ubwino wodziwikiratu ndi kuti urea, ngati feteleza, umapanga dothi labwino, mwakutero chithandizo chokwanira kukumba pansi ndipo mutha kubzala mbewu iliyonse. Ndipo, chofunikira kwambiri, simuyenera kuti mungazule chitsa pamanja.
Zoyipa zake zimaphatikizapo nthawi yayitali yopanda chiwonongeko komanso mtengo wogulira urea.
Kugwiritsa ntchito khungwa kuti mulch mitengo ndi zitsamba
Mulching amaphimba dothi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tachilengedwe kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono kuti tipeze malo abwino opangira mbewu (kusunga chinyezi ndi michere m'nthaka, kuteteza mizu kuti isamatenthe, kusowa kwa namsongole) ndikuwonjezera chidwi cha mundawo pakuwoneka wokongola. Ikhoza kuchitika onse mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso panja.
Mulching
Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa, zimatchedwa mulch. Kugwiritsa ntchito makungwa amitengoyi kuli ndiubwino zingapo:
- makungwa amawotchera nthaka ndikukhathamiritsa nthaka;
- imatsitsa acidity nthaka, zomwe zimafunikira kuti mbewu zamtundu wina zikulidwe;
- khungwa limakhala ngati fyuluta yachilengedwe yamadzi, kuti lisalowe kulowa kwa zinthu zoopsa kuzika mizu;
- amalepheretsa kuumitsa nthaka yapamwamba. Zimathandizira kuchepetsa udzu, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri kumera lomwe lili ndi mizu yopanda maziko;
- mu kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi zinthu zomwe sizimalola matenda ngati imvi kuola, matenda am'mimba, kuwola kwa mizu kuti ukule;
- limakupatsani mwayi kuti muthamangitse tizirombo tina tomwe tili m'nthaka yoyandikira - dothi la ma nthito (ozungulira). Tizilombo touluka tomwe timayambitsa matenda ambiri m'mera;
- Imathandizira kukulitsa moyo wamtengo.
Momwe mungadulire makungwa a mitengo kunyumba
Pa mulching, makungwa a mtundu wina uliwonse amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikhalidwe chokhacho ndikuti sichiyenera kukhala chamoyo, chifukwa kuchotsa makungwa kuchokera kwa iwo kungayambitse kufa kwa mbewu. Mitengo yakale kapena yowonongeka iyeneranso kupewa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhalamo. Ndibwino ngati mitengo yomwe idadulidwa osakwana miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yapitayo itagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zofunika! Makungwa a mitengo monga mulch amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazosatha zokha. Zambiri zimatengera mtundu wa mtengo. Mwachitsanzo, makungwa a thundu sioyenera kumera mwachangu, pine ndiyokhalitsa, ndipo birch ili ndi zokongoletsera zabwino kwambiri.
Kuti muwone ngati khungwa ndi loyenera mulching, muyenera kuchotsa khungwa yaying'ono. Ngati atakhala ndi nyenyezi mosavuta, amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch.
Mukachotsa khungwa, liyenera kuphwanyidwa kuti kukula kwa chidutswa chimodzi kusapitirire 5 cm. Izi zitha kuchitika pamanja pogwiritsa ntchito lumo kapena chodzikongoletsera, kapena kungodzipangira nokha mundawo.
Gawo lotsatira ndikuwongolera nkhanizo. Izi zimachitika pofuna kupewa matenda opatsirana ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toononga.
Pali njira ziwiri:
- kuwiritsa m'madzi kwa mphindi 10;
- Kutentha mu uvuni kwa mphindi 15-20. pa 70 ° C.
Zofunika! Osapitirira kutentha, chifukwa kutumphuka kumatha kumayandikira.
Mitengo ya mulch yophukira kapena yophukira panthaka yachonde. Dothi liyenera kukhala louma ndi lotentha (makamaka masika). Zomera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito zonse ziwiri - mahatchi kapena manyowa am'madzi - ndi mchere: urea, urea, ammonium nitrate, phosphorous ndi zinthu zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu.
Pambuyo pake, mutha kupita mwachindunji ku mulching. Khungwa limathiridwa ndi wosanjikiza wa 2-5 masentimita, kusiya malo omasuka mozungulira zitsamba za 50 cm, ndi mitengo yozungulira - 80 cm.
Kuvala
Zambiri! Kudula mitengo ya zipatso kuyenera kuchitika zaka zitatu zilizonse.
Mukamasankha njira yochotsera stumps ku kanyumba kanyengo, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa nthawi imodzi, monga ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kupezeka kwa nthawi ndi zida zofunika, komanso mwayi wopezeka pamtengowo. M'pofunikanso kuyankha funso loti ntchito ndichani chotsitsa chitsa kuchoka m'gawoli chimathandiza kuthana ndi vutoli ndipo si bwino kungochisiya ngati chinthu chokongoletsera.
