Orchid miltonia: zosinthira kunyumba ndi chisamaliro cha maluwa

Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya ma orchid - Miltonia (Miltonia) - idawonekera ku Russia kuchokera ku nkhalango za ku Brazil ndi Colombia, komwe imakula momasuka m'malo achilengedwe. Duwa silikhala lovuta kwambiri, limafanana ndi gulugufe wokongola.

Miltonia: Mitundu Yotchuka

Chowonadi chachikulu cha mitundu ndi ma hybrids a miltonia chikugulitsidwa. Mawonekedwe a duwa ali ngati pansies, zokulirapo kokha. Pali mitundu yonse yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana: yoyera, yamtengo wapatali, yachikaso, yapinki, yofiirira. Fungo lake limakhala labwino komanso losangalatsa. Kusiyanako kumakhazikitsidwa ndi mitundu 20 ikuluikulu, pomwe mitundu yophatikiza 40 imapezeka.

Miltonia Morris Chestnut

Epiphytic orchid walimbikitsa ma rhizomes ndi ma pseudobulbs amodzi okha, osanja mbali zonse ziwiri. Masamba amakula mitundu iwiri - rhizome komanso apical. Inflorescence ofananira nawo pazitali zazitali.

Miltonia Kusakaniza

Pansi pa dzina la malonda awa, zinthu zodzala zimagulitsidwa momwe mthunzi wamaluwa wamtsogolo sudziwikiratu. Izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya pinki, yofiirira, yoyera ndi yofiirira. Muyenera kuwasamalira chimodzimodzi ndi mitundu ina, kuyang'ana chinyezi komanso kuyatsa kowunika.

Kusakaniza kwa Miltonia

Miltonia chikasu

Zomera zimakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Nthawi yamaluwa imayamba mwezi wa Seputembala mpaka Januware komanso kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Duwa lokwera mpaka 1 m kutalika nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi masamba 7-15 omwe amatseguka ngati ma corollas ooneka ngati nyenyezi oyera oyera kutalika mpaka 8 cm. Mlomo wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy uli ndi mikwinguro yofiirira ya 4-6.

Zosiyanasiyana zimafunikira kusiyana kwakukulu kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku (15-17 ° C - usiku, 25 ° C - masana). Kwa kanthawi kochepa, imatha kupirira kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa mpweya. Ma pseudobulbs achikasu obiriwira obiriwira amakhala pamtunda wowononga patali pafupifupi 3 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Masamba okhala ndi lamba wamtambo ali ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm. Panthawi ya kukula, amafunika kuvala masabata apamwamba. Optimum chinyezi 80%.

Miltonia flavescens

Miltonia Morella

Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amakhulupirira kuti uku ndikusintha kwa miltonia yanzeru, koma lero imawerengedwa ngati mtundu wodziimira pawokha. Maluwa ndi owala kuposa owoneka bwino, komanso okulirapo. Ma pseudobulbs amawonekera kwambiri. Gawo la mphukirayo limakutidwa ndi masamba ofunda. Kukula kwa maluwa ndi utoto wofiirira wa maula wokhala ndi malo owala m'munsi mpaka 10 cm. Kutalika kwa milomo 5 cm, mtundu wake ndi wopepuka - pinki-wofiirira wokhala ndi mitsempha yamtali wautali. Nthawi yamaluwa amtundu uliwonse ndi masabata asanu ndi limodzi.

Miltonia Moreliana Henfr

Miltonia ndi wanzeru

Mtunduwu umadziwika ndi ma pseudobulbs ovoid-elongated mpaka kutalika kwa 10 cm. Amayi awo ndi achikasu achikasu. Mapangidwe ake amandidwa kuchokera kumbali. Madera a Rhizome a mphukira amapangidwa bwino. Kutalika kwa mizu mpaka masentimita 10. Tsamba limakhala lofanana ndi lamba wokhala ndi ulalo wozungulira wokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira kutalika mpaka 15 cm. Kutalika kwa inflorescence mpaka 25 cm, komwe masamba 20 amapezeka.

Mithunzi ndi yosiyana: kuchokera ku maula a phula-wofiirira mpaka oyera. Mlomowo ndi wokulirapo (mpaka 5cm komanso 5 cm mulifupi), wowongoka pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, uli ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso m'mphepete mwakuwala. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi masika ndi theka lachiwiri la chilimwe. Duwa lililonse limakhala mpaka milungu inayi.

Miltonia spectabilis

Miltonia Varshevich

Orchid amachokera ku Central America. Masamba okhala ndi malekezero ozunguliridwa ndiotalika masentimita 14. Amapanga inflorescence yamitundu yambiri, nthawi zina nthambi, imakhala ndi maluwa mpaka 4 cm. Masamba ndi ma petals ndi ofanana, oblong mawonekedwe ndikuwonjezera kumapeto. Zojambulidwa zofiirira zofiirira, zoyera komanso zachikaso. Milomo yofiirira ya Violet ndi yotakata, yokhala ndi mabatani oyera. Pakatikati pake pali disc yofiirira. Kutalika kwa maluwa kuyambira pa Ogasiti mpaka Epulo. Maluwa omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri amatulutsa kuyambira pa Okutobala mpaka Marichi.

Miltonia Warczewiczii

Orchid miltonia: chisamaliro chakunyumba

Epiphyte yosatha iyi imakonda kuzizira komanso chinyezi chambiri kuyambira 50 mpaka 90%. Osamaika miphika pa radiators. Masana, muyenera kutentha kutentha kwa 24-26 ° C, ndipo usiku - kutsika mpaka 15-17 ° C. Kuzirala koopsa kumayambitsa kuzizira kwa masamba, komwe kumatha kuuma kuchokera pseudobulb.

Chinyezi

Orchid nthawi zambiri amathiridwa madzi tsiku lililonse kapena kamodzi masiku atatu. Mtunduwo umasankhidwa potengera chinyezi chipinda. Dothi labwino mumphika limakhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma mpweya umadutsa momasuka. Pothirira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito distillate, pomwe kuvala pamwamba kumayendetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Koma zosefera, zophika ndikuwotha madzi otentha chipinda ndizoyeneranso. Njira yothirira imawoneka motere: mphika umamizidwa theka kutalika m'chidebe ndi madzi okonzedwa, ndikuwothira pamwamba pa moss. Atatha kuyika mphikayo pachikwama ndikudikirira mpaka madzi onse ochulukirapo atuluka. Kenako amachiyika pa thireyi youma.

Chizindikiro cha bwino pamera ndi masamba ake. Ngati angapeze mpumulo modzidzimutsa, izi zikuwonetsa kukhumudwa. Kuti mizu ichotse, muyenera kukonzanso mphikawo kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri pamalo otentha, owuma.

Chinyezi chokwanira cha miltonia ndi 60-80%. Komabe, chipindacho chimayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Ngati chinyezi chochepa kwambiri, masamba amayamba kupindika. Simungawasasule, mutha kumangowetsa mpweya mozungulira. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mphikayo pa pallet ndi dothi lonyowa. Madzi akakhala ndi hypothermia, njira zowola zimayamba. Pachizindikiro choyamba, madera onse owonongeka amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo maluwawo amasinthidwa kukhala dothi latsopano.

Malangizo Othandiza

Kuthengo, miltonia imapezeka ku Argentina, Paraguay, kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Brazil, Peru ndi Central America. Munkhalangoyi, imamera kutalika kwa 200-1500 m, koma zambiri imakhala kutalika kwa mamita 600- 900. Maluwa amatuluka m'malo otetezeka a nkhalango komanso malo owala, koma osawoneka mwachindunji ndi dzuwa.

Dzuwa liyenera kusunthidwa, pomwe kuwala kowala ndikokwanira kwa maola 2-4 okha. Kuwala kwambiri, kumawalira masamba, ndipo pakalibe dzuwa lokwanira, limakhala lobiriwira lakuda. Redness ndi chikasu zikuwonetsa kuti poto uyenera kusunthidwa kutali ndi zenera, chifukwa masamba adawotchedwa.

Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi dothi

Dothi la miltonia ndilofunikira kwambiri. Masanjidwe abwinobwino sakhala oyenera kwa iye. Ndikofunika kukonzekera kusakaniza nokha. Kuti muchite izi, tengani zidutswa zikuluzikulu za khungwa la paini, ulusi wa coconut, moss ndi peat. Zonse zofanana. Zotsatira zake ndi kusakaniza kosaloleka komwe mpweya umadutsa popanda kulowamo. Miphika imadzaza, ili pansi pa khungwa, ndipo moss pamwamba. Muzovuta kwambiri, mutha kugula dothi lokonzedwa kale.

Panthawi yokakamiza mapesi a maluwa, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika ndi feteleza wapadera wa ma orchid. Mitundu ina ya chakudya ndi yokwanira kudyetsa m'masabata awiri, koma ena amafunikira sabata iliyonse. Ndikwabwino kukambirana ndi wogulitsa kubzala. Kuzungulira kwa yankho kumachepera kanayi kuposa momwe opangawo amalimbikitsira. Kuchulukana kwa michere kumawononga kwambiri miltonia. Amafuna nitrogen-phosphorous-potaziyamu wovuta ndi formula 18-18-18, kapena 20-20-20. Chakumapeto kwa kukula kwatsopano, amasiya kudyetsa, kulola kuti orchid apume.

Momwe mungasinthire miltonia

Akatswiri amaumirira kuti: kuziyankhira kuyenera kuchitika mwachangu, poti pokhapokha lokhala ndi maluwa ataperekedwa kunyumba. Nthawi yabwino kugula ndi masika. Pafupifupi onse a orchid samakonda pamene mizu yawo ili yosokoneza, koma ndizosatheka popanda icho. Ndikofunikira kuti musangochotsa duwa lokhazikika, komanso kuyang'ana mbali zake zonse kuti mupeze ndikuchotsa madera owola nthawi. Ngati matendawa akhazikika, ndipo muzu wavunda, ndiye kuti umakhala wofewa kukhudza ndikupeza mtundu wa bulauni m'malo moyera moyera.

Nthaka zakale zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikika m'mundawo, koma osatinso mobwerezabwereza. Zomera zokhazo zomwe zatsiriza maluwa zomwe zingathe kuziika mbande (maudzu ofunda). Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mosamala zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito ndi mowa kapena kuwaza ndi sulufule. Orchids amatenga kachilombo mosavuta, kotero muyenera kusamalira kuwateteza ku mabakiteriya.

Ndikofunika kuti mugule poto watsopano poyera kuti muwunikire momwe mizu ndikuwapatsira mwayi kuti aletse njira ya photosynthesis. Pansi pazikhala mipata yayikulu yotulutsira madzi. Mphika uliwonse wotsatira umasankhidwa mozama komanso zokulirapo ndi masentimita awiri, koma amawongoleredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa muzu. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ndikasendeza 2 iliyonse.

Ntchito yosinthira magawo:

1. Chotsani orchid mu mphika.
2. Mizu imatsukidwa mu beseni ndi madzi oyera. Akakola khungwa, ndiye kuti latsala.
3. Masamba akufa kapena owota, komanso ma inflorescence owuma, amachotsedwa.
4. Kubalana kumachitika ndikulekanitsa zigawo za ma rhizome ndi ma pseudobulbs atatu athanzi.
5. Dothi limakutidwa ndi chinyezi pang'ono, koma osasefa. Sphagnum imayikidwa pamwamba, ndikupanga microclimate yoyenera.

Maluwa a Miltonia posamalira ali ovuta pang'ono kuposa phalaenopsis, popeza amafunikira kwambiri kutentha ndi chinyezi. Pamafunika kuleza mtima komanso kudziwa zina. Ngati duwa la maluwa okongola lili ndi mwayi wopereka kutentha pakati pa usana ndi usiku pafupifupi 8-10 ° C, ndiye kuti maluwa ake satenga nthawi yayitali ndipo amasangalatsa ndi maonekedwe okongola ndi owala.