Kunena kuti duwa la pachistachis ndi maluwa okongola m'nyumba kutanthauza kunena kanthu. Ichi ndi mtengo wobiriwira wobiriwira nthawi zonse wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso maluwa osadziwika bwino ngati maluwa. Kwenikweni, liwulo lenilenilo limamasuliridwa motere: pachis ndi wandiweyani, stachis ndi khutu. Ngakhale kukongola kowoneka bwino kwa maluwa amkatiwo, sikuti kumapezeka kawiri konse pazenera zamaluwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti sichimawoneka chogulitsa. Komabe, obereketsa ambiri samakhala ndi chidwi ndi mbewuyo, chifukwa siingachedwe kusamalira.
Ku Europe, kenako ku Russia, mbewu yachilendoyi idachokera ku India. Kuphatikiza apo, duwa limamera m'malo otentha aku America komanso ku Peru. Kuthengo, kutalika kwa mphukira kumatha kupitirira mamitala awiri, komabe, pazinthu zomwe zikukula pakhomo ndizovuta kukumana ndi chomera choposa theka la mita.
Zokongoletsera nyumba zokongola
Makope oyambilira a chitsamba chokongoletsera ichi adapezeka m'misonkho yosanja ndi malo obiriwira a salon olemera mkati mwa zaka za zana la 19. Kenako chidwi chomera ichi chidalowedwa m'malo ndi kukayikiridwa kwanthawi yayitali. Ndipo mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1900 zokha pomwe pachistachis adawonekeranso pawindo la nyumba komanso pazinyumba za anthu.
Pachistachis chikasu
Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu 12 ya genus pachistachis, atatu okha ndi omwe akuyenera kubereka kunyumba. Chofala kwambiri chaiwo ndi pachistachis chikasu. Chisoti chachifumu chokongola kwambiri kuyambira pa Malichi mpaka Okutobala chimakongoletsedwa ndi "makandulo" achikasu owoneka ngati chikasu - masamba a 10-12cm, pomwe pamayambira maluwa ang'onoang'ono.Iwo, panjira, amawonekera mwachangu, koma pomwepo pachistachis sataya kukongola kwake. Masamba enieniwo ndi okongoletsa ndipo ngati chitsamba chapangidwa bwino, ndiye kuti nthawi yopendekera mbewuyo imakondweretsa wophunzirayo, kudzaza malo opanda kanthu ndi iyo.
Mtundu wina wamtundu Amanthus - pachistachis wofiira, amasiyana ndi mnzake pakakulidwe kokulirapo ndi mtundu wa inflorescence. Chifukwa chake, nyengo yotentha, imatha kupezeka pachimake kuposa pawindo la nyumba. Makandulo okhwima a woimira amtundu Amanthuswa ndiwobiriwira pang'ono, ndipo maluwa ndi ofiira kapena ofiirira.
Pachistachis wofiira
Ndipo, mwinanso, mawonekedwe osowa kwambiri a maluwa okongola awa ndi spike pachistachis. Simungathe kuzipeza m'mapikisano a maluwa okonda mbewu za kunyumba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chovuta kusamalira mbewu. Nthawi zina mtunduwu umasokonezedwa ndi redististis. Koma, komabe, kusiyanako kudali kofunika. Spikelet pachistachis alibe chidwi. Koma ndendende mpaka nthawi maluwa atawonekera. Iwo, pokhala ofiira owala bwino, amaphimba mabataniwo, pomwe zofiira zachikhalidwe pachistachis sizimawonetsa maluwa ochuluka chotere.
Kuti pachistachis azimasuka, ayenera kupatsidwa kuwala, koma nthawi yomweyo, kuyatsa kosiyanasiyana. Windows yoyang'ana kumadzulo kapena kummawa ingachite izi. Ngati muyika mphika wamaluwa pazenera lakum'mwera, ndiye kuti kuwongolera dzuwa mwachindunji kumatha kuvulaza chomera chovuta. Kumbali inayo, ngati mungayike duwa pazenera lakumpoto, ndiye kuti lidzavutika chifukwa chosowa kuwala.
Kutentha kochulukirapo ndi zojambula zakupha pamtengowu kumaphetsa chitsamba ichi, choncho muyenera kukhalabe kutentha kwa 20-23 ° C ndipo osakuyika m'malo abwino kwambiri. M'chilimwe, mmera ungatengedwe kupita kumalo opaka kapena khonde, koma muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwake kusapitirire 4-5 ° C.
Zofunika! Ngati kutentha kwa mbewuyo kungachepetse 14 ° C, ndiye kuti kukula kwa mbewu kungachedwe, ndipo maluwa sangachitike. Kukhazikika kwa pachistachis nthawi yayitali pamatenthedwe kumabweretsa kufa kwa mbewu.
Momwe Madzi a Pachistachis
Pachistachis ndi chomera chotentha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chinyezi ziyenera kusamalidwa mwachilengedwe chake, ndipo ichi ndi 55-60%. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupipafupi, kuthirira madzi osamba, kapena kubzala kasupe m'munda pafupi ndi duwa kumathandizira chitsamba chobiriwira nthawi zonse. Komabe, ngati mbewuyo yapereka mtundu, ndiye kuti njira zamadzi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kapena kutayiratu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti maluwa amtundu wachikasu kapena ofiira sangathe kusintha bwino chinyezi.
Chomera cha pachistachis chimakonda kwambiri ulimi wothirira, chifukwa chake sichoyenera kukonzedwa ndi iwo omwe achoka mnyumbayi kwa nthawi yayitali. Maluwa amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi masiku onse atatu. M'nyengo yozizira, pafupipafupi kuthirira kumachepa. Ndikokwanira kuthirira chomera kamodzi masiku 10. Nthawi yomweyo, onse mu ulamuliro wothirira wa chilimwe komanso nthawi yozizira, muyenera kudikirira mpaka nthaka yapamwamba itayima pang'ono.
Yang'anani! Ngati mumayeseza njira yonyowetsa nthaka poika poto m'madzi, ndikofunikira kuti muzisamala. Muyenera kusamba poto nthawi zonse ndikuwachitira ndi fungicide.
Ndikofunikira kuwona boma loyendetsa madzi
Zofunikira zadothi
Zomera zambiri zam'makomo ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunda wa nthaka. Maluwa a Pachistachis nawonso ndi osiyana. Kuti mukule ndikukula, zimafunikira nthaka yokhala ndi asidi. Izi zimapezeka mosavuta mu shopu yamaluwa. Komabe, kupanga dothi nokha sikovuta.
Zosakaniza: dothi louma, mchenga wamtsinje, nthaka yamasamba, humus. Tengani zonse pamwambazi m'magawo ofanana ndikusakaniza bwino. Ngati kusakaniza kwa dothi kuchitidwa nokha, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwonjezera kuti mwakonza dothi lokonzedwerali ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate kuti muwononge mabakiteriya ovulala ndi mphutsi.
Kudulira
Kuti duwa lamkati la pachistachis lisataye zipatso zake ndikukongoletsa maluwa ambiri, liyenera kudulidwa pafupipafupi. Mwa njira, duwa limalolera njirayi bwino. Nthawi yabwino yosiya kupendekeka kokulirapo ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mdulidwe woyamba umachitika pamene awiri awiri omwe amapanga ma cell awiri amapangidwa. Pafupifupi 10-12 masentimita a tsinde amatuta kuti azikulitsa kukula kwa mphukira zamtsogolo.
Zosangalatsa! Kudulira kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chogwirizira kuti mugwirenso mizu.
Pachistachis Kudulira
Kupatsirana kwa Pachistachis
Kupandukira kwa Pachistachis kumachitika kamodzi pachaka. Chizindikiro choyamba pakufunika kwa kubereka chidzakhala mizu ya mbewu yotuluka m'maenje okuya. Ngati duwa limamveka labwinobwino, ndiye kuti chomera chimatha kuuzika pakatha zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Cholondola ndicho kutenga mphikawo mopitilira muyeso. Mosalephera, mphika uyenera kukhala ndi danga labwino lokwanira.
Ndi kulima koyenera, duwa limakonda kuthana ndi matenda. Komabe, ngati mabataniwo mwadzidzidzi adayamba kugwa, ndipo masamba adayamba kutuluka, ndiye kuti china chake chimayenda ndipo ndikoyenera kuthandizira mbewuyo.
Mwina duwa linagunda kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuteteza chitsamba kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zingayambitse kuvulaza maluwa. Whitefly, mealybug ndi kangaude wa mbewa amathanso kusankha pachistachis. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kugawa chomera pokhapokha, kupatula mwayi wakufalikira kwa tizilombo tozomera zina.
Zosangalatsa! Ngati mbewu siyikhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tizirombo, ndiye kuti chikhala chokwanira kuuthana ndi yankho la sopo. Ngati pali tizilombo tambiri, ndiye kuti simungathe kuchita popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Chifukwa masamba amasanduka achikasu ndi kupindika
Nthawi zina pachistachis wodwala ndi chisamaliro chomwe chimachitika ngati wotchi, amayamba kuvulala. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo, kupatula kuukira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chiyani pachistachis curl masamba? Wodziwika bwino wamaluwa amadziwa kuti izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mpweya wouma. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti mumunyowetse. Kupopera pafupipafupi, kusunthira chitsamba kutali ndi radiator chipinda ndikotheka kukonza zinthu.
Chifukwa chiyani maluwa a pachistachis samatulutsa maluwa ndikuuluka kwake? Vutoli ndiye kuyeretsa kosakwanira. Vutolo litha kuwongoleredwa posuntha chomera kupita kumalo owunikiridwapo ndikudula zomwe zimayambira kale.
Pachistachis. Masamba opindika
Momwe mungafalitsire pachistachis kunyumba? Pali njira ziwiri: mbewu ndi zodula.
Mbewu
Popeza kulima mbewu za chomera chodabwitsachi ndichopweteketsa kwambiri ndipo sikuyenda bwino konse, sichimachitidwa ndi alimi. Kuti mukule pachistachis kuchokera kumbewu, muyenera kutenga bokosi lopindika, lomwe limakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande, mudzaze ndi chisakanizo cha michere ndikugawa mbewu zonse padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuti apange greenclimate yachilengedwe, poto uyenera kuphimbidwa ndi pulasitiki wokutira, yemwe amachotsedwa pomwe kuthirira kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika. Pakatha pafupifupi masiku 10 mpaka 14, mphukira zoyambirira zidzawonekera. Mbeu zikangokulira, muyenera kubzala maluwawo mumbalezo.
Zofunika! Kumera mwachindunji kumatengera mtundu wa mbewu.
Kudula
Ndikosavuta kukula chomera chatsopano pogwiritsa ntchito kudula. Mutha kuzika mizu yomwe idakonzedweratu pamtengowo. Zomera zomwe zimatengedwa podulira chitsamba chachikulire ziyenera kuikidwa mumtsuko ndi madzi, zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo omwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikupitirira 22 ° C.
Pambuyo pa masiku 14 mpaka 20, mizu yoyamba imawoneka pamimba. Mizu yake ikangokhala yolimba, chomera chaching'ono chimayenera kusinthidwa ndikuziika mumphika wa peat kapena kapu ya pulasitiki.
Gawo lotsatira ndikubzala mumphika. Mutha kuyambiranso chomera osapanga mizu m'madzi. Kuti muchite izi, kudula ndikudula kuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi phytohormone ndikuzama ndikuyiyika pansi, osafikira masamba otsika ndi masentimita 2-3. Pankhaniyi, kufalitsa kwa pachistachis, mtundu wa nthaka ndi womwe ungawone bwino.
Kudula
Kodi mphika woti musankhe
Pachistachis ndi chomera chachikulu, motero, poto uyeneranso kukhala wamkulu. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri chikhoza kukhala mphika wotsika wokhala ndi mainchesi osiyanasiyana. Mtengowo umamasuka bwino, kumera komanso kuphuka bwino.
Ngati pali chidwi chobzala chitsamba chamaluwa chobiriwira, ndiye kuti njira zingapo zingabzalidwe mumphika umodzi. Mumphika wamba, chomera chimakhala chosiyana m'mitanda yayitali ndipo chimawoneka chosasangalatsa. Chitsamba chokongola ichi chiyenera kufalikira kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Chenjezo Mitundu yonse ya amantine ndi poyizoni. Njira zopewera mosamala ziyenera kuthandizidwa pokhudzana ndi izi. Osasinthana pachistachis osavala magolovu. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuteteza ana kuti asakhudzane ndi mbewu iyi, chifukwa kulowetsedwa kwa madzi a mbewu kulowa mthupi kungayambitse poyizoni.
Zikuwoneka kuti pakubwera kwanyumba yatsopano m'nyumba, moyo wa okhalamo ukhoza kusintha. Zomera zina zimatha kubweretsa nkhawa kapena, mosiyana, zimakhala ndi mphamvu. Maluwa ambiri amatha kuyeretsa mlengalenga kapena kuneneratu kusintha kwa nyengo. Pachistachis, monga momwe moyo umasonyezera, amakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
Chomera chobiriwirachi chokhala ndi mitundu chowala chitha kupatsa moyo iwo omwe atenga, bwino komanso mtendere, komanso zimakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cham'banja.
Zosangalatsa! Ngati munthu ndi wozindikira, ndiye kuti muyenera kum'patsa chikacho pachistachis. Kusamalira kunyumba kwa chitsamba ichi ndi "makutu" a dzuwa kumatsimikizira mkati mwawo, kudzaza mzimu mogwirizana komanso chete.
Wotsogola, kapena munthu amene walephera kufuna kukhala ndi moyo, ndi woyenera kuyimira gulu lofiira la banja la amantine. Kusamalira pachistachis ndikufalikira kwa duwa lino kumabwezeretsa munthu ku moyo, chiyembekezo komanso kutsegukira kudzikoli.
Ngati pachistachis akaperekedwa kwa okwatirana, ndiye kuti nzeru ndi kulemekezana zimakhazikika mbanja kwanthawi yayitali. Kalanga izi, mbewu iyi ilibe machiritso. Koma simuyenera kukhumudwa, chifukwa cholinga chake ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale chikondi, chisangalalo komanso chisangalalo.
