Pofuna kulima mbeu za m'munda ndi munda zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuteteza zomera kuti zikhale zovuta. Amathandizira izi, makamaka, Mulch ndi wosanjikizana omwe amapezeka pamwamba pa nthaka pafupi ndi kumera masamba ndi mavwende, tchire lamabulosi, mitengo ya zipatso kapena maluwa. Amene akufuna kudziwa zambiri za mulch ndi momwe angakonzekere ayenera kudziwa bwino zomwe akulembazo.
Kutentha kwa nthaka: ndi chiyani?
Mwachifaniziro, kukulumikiza nthaka ndi njira yokolola. Mu agrotechnical chinenero Kuphatikizana kumatanthauza teknoloji yosavuta komanso yotetezera nthaka yomwe imalimbikitsa kulima chomera chomera.y. Koma choyamba muyenera kudziwa bwino "mulch": ndi chiyani? Manyowa amadziwika kuti ndi osiyana kapena osakaniza a zinthu zosiyana, zomwe, chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa makhalidwe awo, ndizoyenera kuteteza nthaka yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomera zomwe zimakula. Tsopano ndizotheka, kutembenukira ku mawu akuti "nthaka mulching", kuti mumvetse bwino chomwe chiri. Popanda kudziwa zomwe zimatanthauza kumera nthaka kapena ngati zimakhala zosavuta kuzikongoletsera, n'zotheka kupitanso kuntchito zowonongeka chifukwa pali ngozi yowonongeka yomwe ikukula kale kapena zomera zokhazokha.
Kodi ubwino wa nthaka mulching ku dacha ndi chiyani?
Ngati tinyalanyaza mfundo yakuti nthawi zina mulch amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, zina zake zimachepetsedwa kuti zikhale zotetezera:
- chomera mizu chitetezo Chifukwa chokonzekera m'nthaka ya chinyezi chofunika (kuti mulch ikhale ndi kusunga chinyezi mmenemo) ndi acidity, kutentha ndi zakudya zowonjezera (kuphatikizapo nthaka ya mphutsi, yomwe imamasula nthaka);
- chitetezo cha zomera zomwe zimalima kuchokera ku hypothermia kutentha ndi kumsongole (chifukwa cholepheretsa kukula kwawo).
Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka yomwe ili ndi mulch siumavuta ngati mawonekedwe ovuta kulowa mkati, ndipo mabulosi akukula kapena ndiwo zamasamba amatetezedwa ku zonyansa.
Mitundu ya nthaka mulching, zomwe zipangizo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito (organic and organic)
Zakale ndi mtundu wa mulch molingana ndi momwe umapangidwira mu organic ndi chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti kompositi imakhalanso ndi chilengedwe, nthawi zina imasiyanitsidwa kukhala gulu losiyana la mulch. Pokhala ndi thanzi labwino pa zomera, kompositi imathandizanso kumasula dziko lapansi ndikulepheretsanso kuti nthaka isasinthe. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti, chifukwa chomveka bwino, nthaka imatha kutchedwa kuti mulching.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kuyamwa, mungagwiritse ntchito nkhono za mtedza ndi nthanga za mbewu za mpendadzuwa.Nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zotsatira zake ndizowonjezeka mu nthaka yobereka.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe mulching ndi utuchi, shavings ndi makungwa, nthaka imayenera kuchitidwa ndi manyowa, ndowe kapena urea kupeŵa kusowa kwa nayitrogeni.
Mawu ochepa okhudzana ndi aspiration, omwe amatanthauza udzu wouma wamba. Kukhala ndi phindu lochepa kuposa luso lokonzekera bwino, udzu wachitsulo, kupulumutsa zakudya zowonjezera, nthawi imodzi ndizolepheretsa kuphulika kwa nthaka.Kuonjezeranso momwe mungagwirire nthaka, mwatsatanetsatane.
Kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi wa utuchi
Kuwombera bwino kumateteza zomera kuchokera ku zirombo, slugs, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti zisamuke. Za ubwino wosadziwika wa nkhaniyi, tikuwona kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana pa dothi, mpweya wabwino kwambiri, kuti nthaka ikhale "yopuma" mwaulere, kuchuluka kwake kwa chophimba, chifukwa cha tizilombo tizilombo timene timayambira mwamphamvu kumtunda kwa nthaka. Tomato ndi mbatata, nthawi zonse zimavutika ndi kutenthedwa kwa nthaka, sitingathe kuchita popanda utuchi wa dzuwa mu chilimwe.
Ndikofunikira! Vypryanie zomera pamene sawdust mulching wa nthaka imaletsedwa ndi kulamulira kuti sawdust sinawoneke.
Nyama ndi udzu
Iwo sakonda slugs ndi udzu, zomwe mulch ndi zabwino kwambiri pamabedi a munda. Choyambirira cha masentimita 15 a udzu wachitsulo chimatha kuchepetsedwa mwachibadwa ndi magawo awiri pa atatu. Udzu ndi chonde chachonde chokhalira pakati pa mizere ya munda komanso kubisala nthaka yomwe mitengo imakula. Kwa iwo omwe amatsogolera banja lalikulu lokwanira kulibe vuto linalake komwe angapeze udzu kapena udzu wokometsa. Zina zonse ziyenera kugula - zabwino, zokolola zochulukitsa ulimi zimatha kupeza zambiri.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mulching ndi udzu komanso wobiriwira. ngati udzu wamsongole namsongole wamsongole (makamaka wopanda mbewu). Zomwe nthaka imapangidwira mitengo imatanthawuza kuti chitetezo chotetezera chimachokera muzu wa mizu yomwe imafuna kukhala youma. Kawirikawiri, pamwamba pa microflora sichidzawonongeke mizu ya mizu yozama kwambiri. Pankhani imeneyi, zomera zophimba nthaka (mulching ndi sifting), zofesedwa ngati udzu komanso zokhoza kulekerera zachilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa ndi korona zamtengo, zidzakhala zoyenera apa.
Mukudziwa? Pogwiritsa ntchito ma clock woyera, mungathe kuchotsa namsongole ndi mphutsi za kachilomboka ka May.
Kugwiritsa ntchito peat mu mulching
Ntchito yaikulu ya peat ngati wosanjikizira ndi kutetezedwa kwa nthaka kuchokera ku kukokoloka kwa mphepo, kuchoka kwa kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe ake okhwima kupyolera mu leaching ya zinthu zomwe zimatsimikizira makhalidwe awa, kuchokera ku zosavomerezeka za zomera zamoyo. Peat mulch sichifuna kuyeretsa zopangira, kulowa m'nthaka, izo zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino. Yabwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mulch kuchokera ku peat kuti chitukuko chabwino cha rasipiberi zitsamba, nthawi zonse chimafuna chinyezi, chomwe chimasungidwa bwino kwambiri. Pafupi theka la mwezi mutatha kubzala mizu pamalo otseguka a mbande za phwetekere atabzala mmenemo, nthaka imayanjananso ndi peat. Potsirizira pake, amagwiritsa ntchito makhalidwe okongoletsera apamwamba, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala okongola kwambiri.
Mulchirovochny teknoloji sideratami ndi kutchetcha udzu
Udzu wamaluwa, kuphatikizapo zidutswa zapadera, chifukwa cha malo omwe amatha kutentha ndi dzuwa, mwamsanga zimachotsa zinyontho zambiri zomwe zilipo. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka. Powonongeka kwa mvula yoyambilira, ikuwonjezeka kale m'munda wa ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe ziribe zokolola. Chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira ndi yophukira, nthawi ya kasupe mwini nyumba amapeza zachilengedwe zowononga feteleza pa mabedi.
Pozindikira momwe kulili kosavuta kukonzekera mulch ku udzu m'chilimwe-nthawi yophukira, ndiyenera kunena kuti chomwe chimatchedwa kasupe wam'masika (posakhalitsa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa) chomera ndi zomera zomwe zimatha kukula mofulumira zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kukulumikiza ngakhalenso kusanako kubzala kwa nkhaka, zukini kapena mbewu zina zamaluwa zomwe zimakonda kutentha kumunda zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mpiru (kapena nyemba yobiriwira), yomwe ili ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa mitundu yambiri ya zomera, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch (mukhoza kuwonjezera kompositi). Kusiya mizu m'nthaka ndikupangitsa kuti tizilombo tiyambe kugwira nawo ntchito, patatha masabata angapo titawombera mdima wobiriwira, mungayambe kubzala chikhalidwe chomwe chidafunidwa. Kukulunga kwa nkhaka, mochedwa kabichi ndi masamba ena ndi manyowa obiriwira adzapambana ngati:
- Nthaka yobzala mbeu idzakhala yonyowa ndi yosasunthika, ndipo mbewu zokha zimakhudza kwambiri pamtunda (muyenera kupatula pang'ono);
- zidzatheka kutetezera mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa kuchokera ku mbalame (zowonongeka zam'munda zidakali zogwira ntchito);
- Kutchetchera kumachitika musanayambe maluwa ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ziphuphu zisawonongeke;
- Pakugwiritsira ntchito mulching sikudzawononga dothi lopindulitsa.
Ndikofunikira! Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa sideratov kuchokera ku mbewu imodzi yokhala ndi mbeu yaikulu idzatetezera matendawa.
Zomwe zimapanga filimu ndi nsalu
Mulching yosakanikirana bwino imatha kuthana ndi ntchito zoteteza ngati sizigwirizana ndi zakudya zamasamba. Inorganics ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu motere: - mafilimu akuda (nthawi zina) ndi zovala, komanso pepala ndi makatoni;
- miyala (yosweka, miyala, miyala, etc.);
- udongo.
Mitundu iwiri yapitayi ndi yokometsetsa komanso yofunika kwambiri, popeza imatha kukongoletsa munda kapena malo okongoletsera, komanso imatha kusokoneza nthawi ndi nthawi zochitika zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mlimi wolima mbewu ndi munda. Dothi lowonjezera limakhalanso lofooka komanso nthawi yambiri imatha kuwonongeka m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.
Kafilimu yakuda imagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chosowa njira yokonzekera mulch. Chimakopa kukwanitsa kusunga chinyezi ndi kuteteza chitukuko cha namsongole. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, ndipotu, ndizogwiritsira ntchito limodzi, ndikulowa pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi zonse. Posankha kugwiritsa ntchito filimu mulching, m'pofunika kupereka: - ndondomeko yomwe ulimi wothirira udzu udzakonzedwa (kuyendetsa kapena kupyola mabowo mu kuvala);
- njira zothetsera slugs zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa filimuyi;
- kuthekera kwa zomera kusunthira kumawonjezereka kwambiri pa nyengo yozizira kwambiri ndi mulch wa mafilimu.
Ndikofunikira! Kuphimba filimuyi kuchokera ku dzuwa ndi mpweya wochepa (kapena udzu), mukhoza kuwonjezera ntchito yake kwa nyengo zingapo.Zophimbidwa ndi miyala, kuti asasokoneze malingaliro a zokongoletsa, filimuyi imakalibe mumunda wa mchenga, kumene imateteza namsongole.
Zida zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi polypropylene fiber zikukhala zofala kwambiri kwa ogwiritsa ntchito nthaka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mulching. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake komanso khalidwe labwino, kuphatikizapo kuyamwa kwa dzuwa, zakhala zikudziwika kwambiri zosokoneza osapatsa mpata uliwonse kuti apulumuke namsongole omwe adagwa pansi.
Kukulumikiza makungwa ndi makungwa
Chips ndi makungwa, makamaka kuchokera ku birch kapena oak, zimakhala ndi zolephera zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mulching, zogwirizana ndi mankhwala awo. Kusamutsidwa kwa tannins m'nthaka kungachepetse kukula kwa zomera. Choncho, pamabedi a m'munda, zipangizo zina zimafunikira, koma coniferous plantings (spruce, cypress, etc.), zomwe siziwopa mantha, zimaphatikizapo chitukuko chifukwa cha acidification ya nthaka yomwe amakula. Mitengo ya coniferous yomwe imathandiza kuti chakudya chawo chikhale bwino, zimatheka kuti mulch azikhala ndi nthaka tsiku ndi tsiku.
Vuto lalikulu loti mulching ndi khungwa likhale lophatikizana ndilokulumikiza kwa ubwino mkati mwake poyerekeza ndi kuunika kosawerengeka komanso kuchuluka kwa phytoncides, komwe kumayambitsa chilengedwe kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo. Mphepete yamakungwa amachititsa kuti chilengedwe chiziyang'ana bwalo kuzungulira mtengo.
Posankha mitengo ya nkhuni muyenera kuyang'ana kukula kwakeko. Mofanana ndi utuchi wa zitsulo, matope a nkhuni mwachibadwa amapita kumalo a humus, asanayambe kuthana ndi ntchito za kusungunuka kofunikira ndi chinyezi m'nthaka ndi kuchititsa kuwonjezeka kwa microflora chofunika chomera.
Tsamba lofiira masamba
Kugwa masamba ngakhale popanda chithandizo chowonjezera chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza dothi. Koma chofunikira kuti izi zichitike kusowa kwa mitengo, kumene idagwa, matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bowa, mwinamwake malo onsewa angakhudzidwe ndi spores. Pofuna kupewa zimenezi, masambawo amafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga gawo la kompositi, makamaka popeza kuti zakudya zake ndizosayembekezereka. Fuseti yowonjezera ndi kusungunula kwa masamba kusanayambe kuikidwa mu kompositi. Leaf humus, pang'ono acidic osati feteleza, mwangwiro zimakhala nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino. Kuwonjezera pa kucha kucha tsamba humus kwa mulching ntchito ndi youma, ndi theka zowola masamba.
Gwiritsani ntchito singano za singano kuti mulching
Mabedi okongola ali otetezedwa zitsulo za pinini. Kawirikawiri, singano zapaini ngati mulch zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mbewu zomwe nthawi zina zimayambitsa tizilombo tosiyanasiyana (adyo ndi amene amadziwika bwino ndi zomera zotere). Ufulu ndi zachilengedwe za singano zapaini (pamodzi ndi ma cones, ndi nthambi, ndi zidutswa za makungwa zimawonjezeredwa ku mulch), kuthekera kwake kuti dziko lapansi likhale lodzaza ndi chinyontho, kupuma bwino, kutayirira bwino kumakopa chidwi. Chisamaliro chimenechi chiyenera kukhala chodziwitsidwa, popeza mulch woterewu ukhozanso kutsogolera vuto la agronomic, kuwonjezera kwambiri nthaka kumunda kapena kukhumudwitsa kwambiri mbewu za mbewu.
Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pamene sitiroberi mulching ikuchitika ndi chophimba zinthu monga singano. Pankhaniyi, iwo amapulumutsidwa kuchoka ku acidification ndi kuvala pamwamba kwa pachaka kwa sitiroberi ndi phulusa. Mwa njira, pa fruiting sitiroberi mulching imakhala ndi udzu woyera kuti zipatso zisakhudze pansi. Okonza amakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri podziwa kuti nthawizonse pali chinachake choti mulchberries, chifukwa si zokoma zokha, komanso kuwonjezera zokolola zake zimapereka ndalama zabwino.
Mbali za nthaka mulching, zomwe muyenera kudziwa za agrotechnical ndondomeko
Mulching ya agrotechnical imachokera ku kutenthedwa kwa nthaka. Chophimba chophimba pa nthaka yozizira (organic kapena chilengedwe) chidzabweretsa zotsatira zolakwika - kuchedwa pa kukula kwa zomera. Lamuloli silikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku mbatata, mulch pa zomwe (zokhazokha) zimachita mwamsanga mutabzala pansi. Pakuti nthaka mulching nyengo ziwiri ikulingalira bwino:
1) cholinga chachikulu cha masika panthaka ya nthaka yotentha ndiko kuteteza chomera kuchokera kutenthedwa ndi kuyanika, ndiko kuti, mutatha kutentha kwa pore, muyenera kuyembekezera pang'ono;
2) pakati kapena pamapeto otsiriza a autumn, kugwedezeka kwa nthaka yomwe sikunathe kuwononga chimbudzi kumachitidwa makamaka pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kapena imfa ya chomera kuchokera ku chimfine chachisanu. Kupangidwa kwa mipando yotetezera kuyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi kuyeretsa nthaka ndi namsongole (osatha ndi wamkulu) ndikulipaka ndi phulusa, fupa kapena fupa pang'onopang'ono.
Mzere wosanjikiza sungagwirizane kwamuyaya - imalowetsedwa posakhalitsa pamene ikugwira ntchito zake, zomwe zimagwirizananso ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthaka yokhala ndi mulch imafuna kwambiri madzi okwanira, pofuna kutsimikizira kuti kwathunthu wetted zotetezera wosanjikiza ndi yonyowa pansi. Kuchokera ku mbali zina zapadera za mulching, tingadziŵe kuti:
- dera lachinyumba pansi pa tchire ndi mitengo limangopitirira kukula kwa korona yawo (osati kuwerengera kusiyana pakati pa pogona ndi thunthu);
- Mabedi a m'munda ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi maluwa amaluwa amakhala ochepa mu masentimita 10 (3 cm osachepera) akhoza kusanjikiza;
- mbande za masamba zimabzalidwa pansi pamene zatha kale ndi filimu kapena nsalu.
Mukudziwa? Kugwiritsira ntchito mulching sikutseguka malo - kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osungidwa komanso zomera zomwe zimakula m'miphika.
Pambuyo pozindikira kuti mulch ndi yani, pokhala mukuphunzira momwe mungakonzekere mulch, pokwaniritsa njira yonse yokonzekera mulch ndi manja anu, mutagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu mutagwedeza nthaka, wogwiritsa ntchito nthaka akhoza kusunga kwambiri pa kuthirira ndi kupalira. Ndipo zotsatira zake mu mawonekedwe a zokolola zabwino zidzamukumbutsa za kuyesetsa mwadzidzidzi kugwira ntchito.
