Mtengo wa zipatso mabulosi, kukhala ndi dzina lina - mtengo wa mabulosi kapena mtengo wa mabulosi mwatsoka, osati anthu okhala m'minda kapena nyumba zazing'ono, chifukwa si onse omwe alimi wamaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino chomera ichi, chomwe chimapatsa zipatso zokoma kwambiri komanso zathanzi. M'nkhani ino tiphunzira mwatsatanetsatane mabulosi oyera, malongosoledwe ake ndi zida za kulima ndi kubalana.
Ndikofunikira! Kudya zipatso za mabulosi akukula pafupi ndi misewu ndi mafakitale sizinakonzedwe chifukwa zimadya poizoni ndi mankhwala olemera.
Mabulosi oyera: kufotokoza
Mabulosi a White (Morus alba) anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku China ndipo atagwa kale m'chikondi ndi ena wamaluwa. Kutalika kwa mtengo uwu kufalikira kufika mamita 16-20, pamene makulidwe a thunthu akhoza kukhala oposa 0.8 mamita. Mzuwu ndi wamphamvu, korona wandiweyani ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Mtundu wa nthambi zazing'ono zimasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wobiriwira kuti ukhale wobiriwira, khungwa lakuda la thunthu kawirikawiri ndi lofiirira. Masamba a zitsamba ndi ofanana ndi mapeto; mtengo umodzi uli wonse wagawanika ndi wonse, wofewa kukhudza. Mtundu wa masamba m'chilimwe - wobiriwira wobiriwira, umene umakhala wowala chikasu. Maluwa okongola, osadziwika, amawoneka okha.
Mitengo ya dioecious ndi dioecious, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe imabereka zipatso zokoma ndi zowutsa mudyo, zomwe zimawoneka ngati raspberries. Mabulosi woyera amapereka zipatso mpaka 4-5 masentimita yaitali woyera, pinki kapena wakuda mitundu, zakudya zatsopano komanso zouma, komanso kusunga. M'mayiko ena, mitengo ya mabulosi imakula kuti idyetse nyembazo ndipo imapanga ulusi wachilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Mabulosi - wopulumuka weniweni wamtengo, pansi pa zinthu zabwino, amakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 300.
Mbali za kubzala mabulosi woyera
Fruiting yambiri ya mulberries yoyera imayamba kuchokera m'chaka chachisanu cha moyo, pa nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wamwamuna wa zipatso sudzapereka, koma udzangosangalala ndi maonekedwe ake. Pa chifukwa ichi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito sapling wazaka 3-4, omwe wapereka kale zipatso, chifukwa chodzala mitengo ya zipatso pa chiwembu chake. Kotero inu mukutsimikiziridwa kuti mutenga mtengo wamabulosi wamtengo wapatali.
Kusankha malo okhala
Kubzala mulberries kumachitika kumapeto kwa autumn, mvula isanayambe, kapena pakati pa masika, nyengo isanayambe. Mabulosi ojambula zithunzi amafunika kutetezedwa ku mphepo yamkuntho, choncho mabulosi amafunika kusankha mosamala malo otsetsereka, omwe mtengo ndi chithandizo chidzadalira. Kufika kumtunda wakumwera ndibwino kwambiri kwa zomera. Mabulosi amamera bwino ndi kubala chipatso mu nthaka yosalekeza ya loamy kapena mchenga loam. Chomeracho sichivomereza saline, mvula kapena nthaka youma. Kumene mabulosi amakula, mlingo wa pansi pa nthaka sungakhale woposa masentimita 150.
Mabulosi a Mabulosi a White White Pattern
Chombo chodzala cha mabulosi woyera ayenera kukumba masabata 2-3 musanadzale kuti muime pansi. Chiwembu cha mtengo wa mabulosi ndi 5 * mamita 4. Ngati mukukonzekera kudzala mabulosi a mtengo wa sapling, yesetsani kukonza pafupifupi mamita 2 * 3. Chombo chotsetserekacho chimafufuzidwa kuzama kwa mamita 0.6, ndipo kukula kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 0,7 * 0.7 mamita. Dziko lapansi limasakanikirana ndi humus kuchokera mu dzenje, ena amadziwika pakati pa mawonekedwe a mchenga, pomwe mmerawo umayikidwa ndi kuwasakaniza ndi zakudya zina zonse zosakaniza.
Ndikofunikira! Mazira a mabulosi ndi ofooka, mizu imachoka mosavuta, kotero mmera uyenera kubzalidwa mosamala kwambiri.
Mabulosi oyera: kukula
Mitengo ya mabulosi imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zomera zosadzichepetsa kwambiri, osati kufuna khama kwambiri kuti likulitse izo, koma likusowa chisamaliro komanso nthawi yake. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingasamalire mabulosi oyera kuti mtengo ubale bwino ndipo uli ndi zipatso zambiri kwa zaka zambiri.
Kusamalira Mchenga Woyera
Mabulosi amtundu woyera, akamakula pa chiwembu, amafunika madzi okwanira kuyambira April mpaka July pa nthawi yamvula, ngati mvula yamasika imagwa mvula, chilimwe chimadzera nthawi zina. Kuthirira kumachitika pa mlingo wa 10 malita a madzi otentha pa mtengo waukulu. Kuchokera pakati pa chilimwe ndi m'dzinja, mtengo wa mabulosi sungamwe madzi kuti mutetewe kuwonongeka pa chisanu ndi kuwongolera kwakukulu mu kutentha m'nyengo yozizira dormancy period. Nthaka yomwe ili mu gudumu imayenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse, kuteteza mapangidwe ouma, komanso nthawi yomweyo kuchotsa udzu wonse umene ukhoza kuthetsa nthaka. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti muzitha kuzungulira nthaka kuzungulira mtengo wa mabulosi ndi utuchi kapena makungwa osweka, izi zidzakuthandizani kusunga chinyezi m'nthaka, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira mizu idzatetezedwa ku kuzizira.
Mitengo yokongoletsa
Mabulosi amtunduwu, kuphatikizapo kusamalira nthaka, amafunika kudulira ndi kuumba korona, yomwe, monga lamulo, amalekerera bwino. Kupanga ndi kukonzanso kudulira woyera mabulosi ikuchitika mu spring, pamaso Mphukira yopuma. Kudulira kwachitetezo kumachitika pambuyo pa kugwa kwa masamba mu kugwa, pamene mpweya kutentha si pansipa -5 madigiri. Shtambovanny mulberry korona imapangidwira ngati mpira kapena kuthamanga, osapitirira mamita 3-4 kufika pamtunda mamita 1.5-2.Thambi za pachaka zimatha mpaka kumapeto kwa mwezi wa July, kuchepetsa kukula kwa mphukira. M'nyengo yophukira, zouma nthambi za mtengo wamabulosi zimadulidwa, komanso omwe akukhudzidwa ndi tizirombo kapena matenda, kenako amatsalira zitsamba zowononga. Nthambi zazing'ono zopanda kukongoletsera zimakhazikika m'nyengo yachisanu ndi nyengo yozizira, zimachotsedwa masika, kenako mtengo umatulutsa mphukira zatsopano. Mabulosi a fruiting amapezeka pa mphukira zakale, zomwe zimakwirira makungwa a cork.
Chovala chokongola cha mtengo wa mabulosi
Mpaka nthawi yomwe mabulosi amayamba kubala chipatso mutabzala, feteleza yake sichimaloledwa kuti chikhale chithandizo cha mtengo, chomwe chimakhala chokwanira kuti chonde chikhale ndi zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'nthaka mutabzala. Pamene mtengo umakula, amayamba kudyetsa. Onetsetsani kuti manyowa pamtengo wa mtengo wa mabulosi.
Kutentha kwa mtengo wa mabulosi kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa masika pa kufalikira kwa impso. Kuti muchite izi, sungunulani 50 g wa nitroammophoska mu 10 malita a madzi ofunda, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita iliyonse lalikulu. mzungulira pristvolny. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, chifukwa manyowawa amaphatikizidwa ndi madzi mu chiwerengero cha 1 mpaka 12, kapena amagwiritsa ntchito feteleza zopangira mafakitale malinga ndi malangizo. Pambuyo pake, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa mpaka kutha kwa fruiting, kumathandiza mtengo kukwaniritsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi kukonzekera yozizira dormancy. Phosphorus ndi fetashi feteleza zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwa usiku wa wintering omwe amadyetsa mizu ndi zakudya, ndipo m'chaka mtengo udzakhala ndi malo otetezera kukula ndi fruiting.
Mmene mungasamalire mabulosi m'nyengo yozizira
Pambuyo pa kudulidwa kwaukhondo kwa mtengo wa mabulosi kunapangidwa mu kugwa, dongo lake lapafupi limadzaza ndi mulch kapena masamba owuma ndi okonzekera nyengo yozizira. Kuchita izi, ndibwino pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira kusinthasintha nthambi zosasinthika za mtengo wa mabulosi pansi ndikuziphimba m'nyengo yozizira ndi zosafunika zomwe zimaponyedwa pansi ndi miyala kapena zolemera zina kuti zisawonongeke ndi kutsegula mitengo ya mabulosi. Chophimba chomwecho chiyenera kukulunga gawo la pansi pa thunthu kuti liziteteze ku makoswe akudyera makungwa aang'ono. Kumapeto kwa chisanu usiku kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, malo ogona amachotsedwa. Kukonzekera kotereku kwa nyengo yozizira kumafunika kokha m'zaka zoyambirira za moyo wa mabulosi kuti alimbikitse ndi kupewa kupewa kuzizira, mtengo waukulu susowa pogona.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati ndi kotheka, pangani mchenga wachinyontho, ndikulimbikitseni kuti muzitsamba mitengo ya mabulosi, yomwe, ndi mizu yawo, ikukula m'kati mwake, kuphulika kwa nthaka.
Zomera zobereketsa za mabulosi oyera
Kuwonjezeka kwa mabulosi woyera kumachitika ndi njira ndi zomera. Njira ya mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbande, yosinthidwa kuti zikhale zatsopano, komanso kukula kwa mizu ya mitengo ya mabulosi. Popeza mabulosi amakula pang'onopang'ono kumbali ya mbewu, mbewu zimasowa kukongoletsa.
Pochita izi, kugwa mutatha kusonkhanitsa mbewu za mabulosi atsopano, zimayikidwa masiku 4-5 pa nsalu yonyowa pokhala kutali ndi dzuwa mu chipinda chofunda, ndiye mbewuzo zikulongedwa mu nsalu yonyowa, ndikuyika mtolo mu pulasitiki ndikuyika mufiriji masiku 30-40. Pa nthawiyi, mbewuzo zimakula ndikukula, zimayenera kufesedwa m'zitsulo zosasambika, mopanda madzi okwanira, ikani chidebecho ndi nyemba mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuchoka kwa masiku pafupifupi 60 mufiriji. Pambuyo pake chidebecho chimayikidwa pawindo ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. M'chaka, nthaka itatha, mbeu zowonongeka ziyenera kubzalidwa pamalo otseguka pa malo osatha a kukula.
Njira yowonjezera mbeu ya mtengo wamabulosi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mizu mphukira, grafts - njira iliyonse yomwe ili yabwino kwa munda wamaluwa. Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndikumtumikizanitsa. Kuti muchite izi, kudula mwatsopano zipatso za masamba 3-4, m'munsimu muziyenera kuthamanga moyenera pansi pa impso, ndi pamwamba pamwamba pa impso ndikuchotsani masamba. Sitimayi yokonzedweratu ikhale yokhala mu penumbra mu nthaka yamtunda yomwe imamasulidwa padziko lapansi pamtunda wa madigiri 50 ndikuphimba ndi chophimba kapena kapu ya galasi yapamwamba. Kawirikawiri patsiku, phesi liyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, kuchotsa pogona, ndi kupopera, ndikuyipsa. Pambuyo pa rooting, malo obisala amachotsedwa, ndipo chomeracho chimaikidwa pamalo osatha.
Mabulosi oyera: zothandiza katundu
Mabulosi oyera lili ndi mavitamini ambiri, micro ndi macro, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri. Zipatso zamtundu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a m'mimba ndi kupweteketsa mtima, ndi kucha - kwa kudzimbidwa. Madzi a Berry amachepetsedwa ndi madzi ofunda ndipo madzi amadzipaka ndi pakhosi. Kutayidwa kwa makungwa ndi mizu ya mabulosi kumathandiza kuchiza kuthamanga kwa magazi, kutsekemera kwa masamba kutulutsa kutentha kwa thupi. Kulowetsedwa kwa mulberries ndi makungwa kudzathandiza kulimbana ndi chimfine ndi bronchitis, komanso kuchepetsa mphumu. Kupsinjika maganizo ndi kusowa tulo zidzasintha ndi kumeza nthawi zonse zipatso za mabulosi a mabulosi wouma, ndipo dongosolo la mitsempha lidzakula ndipo thupi lidzasintha.
Anthu omwe akudwala matenda a myocardiodystrophy kapena matenda a mtima, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini okwana 200-300 pa zipatso masiku makumi atatu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zipatso za mabulosi akulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ntchito yawo imakhudza thupi, othamanga, komanso odwala omwe akuchira opaleshoni. Zipatso za mabulosi zimapindulitsa pa njira zopanga magazi. Anthu amachiritsi amatha kupwetekedwa ndi zitsamba ndi madzi a mabulosi atsopano zipatso, ndipo makungwa opunduka amakhala osakaniza ndi mafuta ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuntchito, mabala ndi zilonda za machiritso mwamsanga.
Mukudziwa? Mtengo waukulu wamamanda amatha kupanga makilogalamu 100 a zipatso pa nyengo.Pofuna kukolola mosavuta mabulosi oyera, mungagwiritse ntchito njira yosavuta - Phulani puloteni kapena nsalu yakuda pansi pa nthambi Mafuta okoma adzagwa okha, mlimiyo ayenera kusonkhanitsa ndi kusangalala ndi kukoma kwake.
