Verbena: Kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa osatha

Verbena ndi mbewu yamuyaya yomwe imamasula ndi maluwa okongola komanso okongola. Ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 200, yomwe imapulumuka m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zosiyanasiyana zilizonse zimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake, zomwe amakhala nazo. Pali mitundu ya zokwawa komanso tchire, kuti aliyense wosamalira mundawo atha kusankha mtundu wina wa verbena, kubzala ndi kusamalira komwe kuli kofanana.

Kodi mbewu yosatha iyi ndi chiani?

Nthawi zambiri mutha kupeza mitundu yophatikiza mitundu yazipatso. Koma muthanso kubzala zolimba, ku Canada, Buenos Aires verbena panthaka. Mu mitundu pinki, violet, oyera, lilac, inflorescence ofiira amapezeka. Sizachilendo kupeza tint yachikasu.

Maluwa a Verbena Ma hybrid Amawoneka Bwanji

Ma inflorescence ali pamwamba pa tsinde, azungulira inflorescence. Kukula kwa aliyense waiwo ndi kocheperako, mpaka 2,5 cm. Mu inflorescence akhoza kukhala maluwa 50. Maluwa amayamba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndipo amatenga mpaka Okutobala, koma amatha mpaka maluwa.

Verbena wolimba

Kodi verbena amawoneka bwanji? Mitundu yonse imamera monga zitsamba zosaposa 1 mita kutalika. Duwa la verbena limatha kuthana ndi vuto la mbozi ndi agulugufe omwe amadya.

Chomera chapeza ntchito ngati mankhwala. Kutsika masamba ake kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza chakudya, kumalimbikitsa chidwi cha gag. Fungo la verbena, lomwe limakula pakhomo, limachepetsa kutopa, limachotsa mutu.

Ampelic Verbena

Mitundu ndi mitundu

Mitundu yopitilira 200 ya verbena ndiyopadera, koma ndi ena okha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukongoletsa:

• haibridi. Chomera chimawelengedwa kuti chizipeza mtundu watsopano wa inflorescence. Nthawi zina, imatha kukhala yachikasu- lalanje. Kutalika kwa shrub sikupitilira 0.5 m, chifukwa chake kumawerengedwa. Masamba ofooka, oyambira. Ma inflorescence amatha kukhala ozungulira, mu mawonekedwe a ma cones, maambulera. Mitundu ya haibridi kuyambira pachiyambi cha maluwa mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe amasintha mtundu wa pamakhala. Mukasamalira zosiyanasiyana nthawi yozizira, zimakhalabe ndi moyo, zimakhala zosatha;
• zolimba. Masamba ndi wandiweyani, mawonekedwe a wedge, nthambi zamitundu yachilendo, ma inflorescence ndiwokhazikika, ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, lilac hue;

Ndimu verbena

• wopambana (waku Canada). Tchire ndi laling'ono, kutalika kotalika ndi masentimita 20. Mphukira zokwawa, masamba osalala. Mukayika verbena mumphika, nthambi zimangokhala pansi, ndikutsikira pamphika. Mthunzi wa maluwa ndi wosiyana: yoyera, yapinki, yofiirira. Ndizachilendo kupeza mitundu yamtambo;
• mandimu. Verbena yam'mbuyo imakhala ndi fungo la mandimu. Ma inflorescence ndi ochepa, kufalikira. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wa lilac kapena yoyera. Mafuta ofunikira omwe amapangira mafuta onunkhira amapezeka kuchokera kwa miyala;
• Buenos Aires. Imakhala ndi kutalika kwambiri, mpaka kufika pa 1 mita. Maluwa amatha mpaka zaka ziwiri mutabzala. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo labwino.

Mitundu iliyonse yamtunduwu imazika mizu bwino, ngati itasamaliridwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, malamulo osankha mbewu, kubzala, kubereka ndi kusamalira uyenera kuyang'aniridwa.

Buenos Aires Verbena

Verbena: Kubzala ndi Kusamalira

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musankhe dothi momwe mulibe madzi. Tchire lamaluwa sililekerera izi. Madambo ndi malo otsika ayeneranso kupewa. Ponena za mtundu wa dothi, ndiye kuti mitundu yonse ya verbena ndiyosazindikira.

Ngati dothi limakhala lokwera kwambiri, malo okumbika okhala ndi miyala yosweka, njerwa njerwa amaika dzenje. Dothi lotayidwa limayikidwa pamwamba, lomwe limayenera kulola mpweya ndi chinyezi kuti zidutse.

Mukabzala tchire lambiri, dziwani kuti payenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita 20 pakati pawo.Ngati mitunduyo ili yayikulupo, kubzala pamtunda wa masentimita 40. Ubwino wa mbewuyo ndikulepheretsa namsongole, zomwe zimathetsa kufunika kwa udzu.

Kutolera mbewu

Mukugwa, mabokosi a verbena amawuma, kukhala bulauni. Izi zikusonyeza kuti mutha kutola mbewu. Mabokosi amaikidwa papepala kapena nsalu ndikudikirira kuti ziume kaye. Popewa kupanga zowola, ziyenera kutembenuzidwa nthawi ndi nthawi.

Pambuyo pometsa kwathunthu, njere zimatengedwa, ndikuzithira m'chikwama. Amasaina kuti azikumbukira momwe mbewu zimakhazikitsidwa.

Kubzala m'maluwa maluwa ndi miphika

Pakubzala mbewu kapena mbande, madera okhala ndi kuyatsa kwabwino amasankhidwa. Zomera zimakonda kuwala ndi kutentha, zimatha kukula ngakhale m'malo achilala.

Kotero kuti mpweya wambiri ndi chinyezi zimafika kumizu kapena mbewu, dothi limapangidwa lotayirira komanso lopepuka. Monga feteleza, humus kapena kapangidwe kapadera kamene kamakhala ndi acid pH imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuchulukana kumatha kuchitika kokha mu nthawi ya masika kapena chilimwe. Ndizotheka kugwa, koma ngati kulibe zipatso. Ngakhale mbande zili mobisa, zimachepetsa kukula pa kutentha kwaziro.

Kubzala pamalo otseguka, njere zimayikidwa patali 20-60 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kutengera mtundu wa kukula kwa mitundu. Ngati abzala miphika, miphika, manyowa - timiyulu timathiridwa pansi, ndiye kuti amadzaza dothi.

Ngati mbali za chomera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakumbidwa pamodzi ndi muzu ndi dothi lapansi. Izi ziteteza mizu kuti isawonongeke pang'ono. Amamera mwachangu. Mizu imayilowetsedwa mumphika watsopano, ikukonzedwanso pamalo pomwe pali dzuwa ndi mpweya waukulu.

Verbena: Kukula kwaudzu wobiriwira

Zimayambira apical ntchito ngati kudula. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti mukule zitsamba mwachangu. Pali mitundu yomwe imaberekanso mwanjira imeneyi. Momwe mungafalitsire ndi kukula Verbena:

1. Dulani wobiriwira wachinyamata wobiriwira mpaka 7 cm.
2. Chotsani masamba akumunsi, ndikuwonetsa mbali ya mphukira.
3. Amathandizidwa ndi muzu kapena chothandizira china chakukula, koma sizofunikira.
4. Mphukira wabzalidwa pansi, nthaka ayenera kumasulidwa.
5. Mphika wokhala ndi mphukira umakutidwa ndi thumba kapena botolo la pulasitiki kuti kukhazikika kuzizira.
6. Siyani kuchipinda chamdima, kumanyowetsa nthaka nthawi zonse.

Kukula ndi kusamalira verbena poyera

Ngati zitsamba za verbena zimafalikira, kulima kumachitika m'njira inayake. Pambuyo pakuwonekera kwa mizu mu zikumera, zimasanjika pansi. Ma feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni amawonjezeredwa kuti azidyetsa. Kuti chitsamba chizibowoleza, muyenera kutsina pamwamba pa mphukira.

Kuyika kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Juni ndi oyenera izi. Kuti mbande zitha kuloledwa nthawi yoyamba panthaka, ndikadali mumphika ziyenera kusiyidwa mumsewu (pa khonde) yabwino. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa kuumitsa.

Kuthira kumachitika mu nthaka yokumbidwa bwino. Nthawi ndi nthawi amathiriridwa madzi ndi kuthiridwa manyowa. Kenako mbewuyo imatengedwa mwachangu, chiwopsezo cha matenda chikuchepa.

Kusamalira mbande, mbande

Mbewu zoyambirira zitatuluka, ndikofunikira kuyamba chisamaliro. Choyamba, kuvala pamwamba kumawonjezeredwa, komwe kumakulitsa kuchuluka kwamtundu wobiriwira:

• kukula kwa masamba kumathandizira chifukwa cha feteleza wa nayitrogeni;
• milungu iwiri iliyonse kuwonjezera feteleza wa mchere, yemwe ali ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yambiri poyerekeza ndi nayitrogeni (ammophos, nitroammophoska);
• Kuphatikiza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya verbena, yomwe imayenera kukula 1 mita kutalika, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wopangitsa chitsamba kukhala chobiriwira. Ngati mbewuyo ikuyenera kupitirira 0,5 m, kudina sikofunikira;
• kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti dothi lizikhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, koma osaswanirana.

Momwe mungasamalire verbena

Kubzala ndi kusamalira verbena panja ndikusiyana ndikusamalira mbande kunyumba.

• Kukonza mabedi. Dothi limamasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka mvula ikadutsa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mpweya ufikire mizu. Kuti namsongole pakati pa tchire asakule, verbena imafunika kuyikika kapena kubzala zitsamba moyandikana. Amatha kudzidalira payokha namsongole.
• Kwa nthawi yozizira, ndikofunikira kupereka malo abwino a tchire, chifukwa verbena imawoneka ngati mbewu yosatha. Kusunga maluwa kwazaka zambiri, tchire lonse limakumbidwa mosamala ndi ma rhizomes, amawayika mumiphika, osungidwa m'chipinda chapansi panthawi yachisanu. Ngati mukusiya chomera m'chipinda chowala, chimatha kuphulika pokhapokha pamtunda wambiri, zomwe sizingatheke m'nyumba zonse nthawi yakutentha. Masika ikadzafika, chitsamba chimadulidwa, ndikuwazika m'munda. Mmera nthawi yomweyo umayamba kukula, mwachangu kuposa mbewu kapena mphukira.
• Kuthirira mbewu yachikulire kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika, koma koyenera. Sizovomerezeka kusiya nthaka youma kwa nthawi yayitali. Kufunika kothirira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba. Ngati yonyowa, madzi ndi okwanira; ngati youma, madzi. Kuyambira pakati pa Julayi, kuthirira ndizofala.
• Mavalidwe apamwamba. Munthawi yachilimwe nthawi yamaluwa, muyenera kudyetsa mpaka kanayi. Nthawi zambiri sikuyenera kuchita. Ngati mavalidwe apamwamba ndiwachilengedwe, amangogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi 1 pachilimwe chonse. Nthawi ina, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito amene amakhala ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi michere ina.

Momwe mungadyetse verbena ngati imakula bwino: feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, akukonzekera ndi kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo ta Verbena

Shrub imakana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, fungal ndi bacteria bacteria, tiziromboti. Koma, ngati dothi ladzaza madzi, matenda osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amapanga.

Zovunda

• Tospoviruse. Ichi ndi tizilombo tomwe timachepetsa kukula komanso maluwa. Masamba osintha ndi mphukira. Mawonekedwe a bulauni osapanganika amapezeka pamapepala. Mitsempha yapakati pakati pa tsamba imasanduka yofiira kapena bulauni. Njira yokhayo yolimbana ndi kukumba ndi kuwononga mbewuyo.
• Mizere ndi mizu. Chitsamba chimayamba kuzimiririka. Phesi limakhala lakuda komanso lolimba, mizu imasanduka yoyera, ndikamfalikira matendawa amasanduka bulauni. Matendawa amakula msanga ngati chinyezi chambiri. Zomera zomwe zimayamwa zimakumba ndikuwonongeka. Popewa matendawa, fosetil imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Powdery Mildew Masamba oyera amapezeka pamasamba, amapanga bowa mycelium. Masamba pang'ono amapota pofiirira. Ngati sanachiritsidwe, tchire limafa. Chomera chofesedwayo chimakumbidwa ndikuwonongeka. M'magawo oyamba a matendawa, bitertanol ndi azoxystrobin amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Ma nsabwe. Tizilombo timene timadya masamba, maluwa a verbena ndi mphukira. Tizilombo timayambitsa tchire chifukwa chothirira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mopitirira muyeso. Kuteteza ntchito pyrimicarb, pymethrosine.
• Moshki. Choyamba, amayamba kudya masamba, ndikupanga maenje pomwe ma midges amayikira mazira, ndipo kwa iwo amawoneka mphutsi, ngakhale kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza mbewu. Maluwa okhala ndi kachilomboka amakumbidwa kwathunthu ndikuwonongeka.

Maluwa a midges

Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi majeremusi omwe ali pamwambawa, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi fungicides ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masika ndi chilimwe.

Ndi mavuto ati omwe mungakumane nawo mukamakula

Ndi kulima mosayenera ndi chisamaliro cha verbena, mavuto osiyanasiyana amatuluka, omwe amayenera kuthana nawo munthawi yake.

• Chifukwa chiyani chomera cha verbena sichimachita maluwa. Pali zifukwa ziwiri. Kuthirira koperewera, chifukwa chomwe dothi limaphwa kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, mizu sizikula, michere yaying'ono ndi chinyezi zimalowa mu tsinde. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi feteleza wolakwika kapena wochepetsedwa.
• Masamba owoneka. Masamba ofiirira, otuwa, amtundu woyera amaoneka pamasamba. Izi zikusonyeza fungal, virus, bacteria bacteria. Ngati matendawa afalikira pachitsamba chonse, amawonongeka kuti mbewu zoyandikana zisatengeke.

Verbena ndi osatha omwe amakula munthawi zosiyanasiyana. Kuti athandizire kukula kwa msipu wobiriwira komanso maluwa, mlimi ayenera kumusamalira bwino. Zomera zimakonda dzuwa, mpweya ndi chinyezi chachikulu. Koma ndi chomaliza muyenera kusamala kuti musamakonze dambo pansi pa tchire. Chifukwa cha malo okhala ndi madzi, ma verbena adzafa pamaso pathu.