Fenceia kapena freesia (freesia) - herbaceous osatha chomera cha banja la iris. Makolo ake amtchire amakulira ku South Africa, kudera la Cape Territory. Kunyumba, duwa limapanga nthula m'nthaka za dothi lonyowa pakati pa zitsamba. Chifukwa cha mafotokozedwe a sing'anga waku Germany a Friedrich Frieze cha m'ma 1800, duwa lidadziwika ku Europe, ndipo chomera chidatchedwa dzina lake.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Freesia ndi duwa yemwe amanunkhira modabwitsa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mafungo onunkhira kwambiri. Kutengera mitunduyo, kumatha kununkhira ngati kukongola kwamatabwa, kakombo wa chigwa, peony kapena zipatso. Kapangidwe ka "porcelain" kamene kamapatsa maluwa kumapangitsa maluwa kukhala okoma mtima modabwitsa. Mwachiwonekere, anali mawonekedwe omwe adauzira omwe adapanga zisinthidwe kuti apatse dzina lawo dzina la Fenceia Light.
Kodi mbewu ndi chiyani
Maluwa a Fenceia
Maluwa okongola a ku Africa awa ndi korona wopapatiza, wokhala ndi miyala yosalala kapena iwiri. Mtundu wawo ukhoza kukhala lilac, chikasu, lalanje. Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri, palinso zinthu zonse zomwe zimapezeka:
- inflorescence ndi unilateral, pang'ono kukulitsa pansi;
- masamba ali omata, ochokera kumizu;
- tsinde kuchokera 20 cm mpaka 1 mita;
- tsinde losalala;
- chipatsocho ndi bokosi.
Pamaphwando, maluwa a freesia amawoneka bwino kwa masiku 10, chifukwa chake chomera chimakonda kwambiri omanga maluwa monga mbewu yodulidwa. White freesia imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa maluwa. Akwatibwi nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo iye mu maluwa okonzekera ukwati.
Zofunika! Mapweya oyera, owala anagulitsa wamaluwa ambiri ndi opanga. Ngati musamalira mbewuyi moyenera, ndiye kuti idzakondweretsa eni ake kwa nthawi yayitali pazenera ndi maluwa.
Mwa mitundu 20 yodziwika bwino ya freesia yobereketsa, atatu okha ndiofunikira:
- Fenceia Armstrong. Kutalika kwa mphukira ndi pafupifupi masentimita 80. Maluwa ndi ojambula ngati belu mumitundu yosiyanasiyana: ofiira, ofiira; Zidutswa za 3-5 zimasonkhanitsidwa. Limamasula kuyambira Meyi mpaka June;
- Fenceia Adawombera. Akuwombera mpaka 40 cm, iliyonse imakhala ndi ma inflorescence a 3-4, limamasula mu kasupe. Pamakhala oyera kapena malalanje;
- Wosakanizidwa freesia. Amakonda maluwa okongola. Tchire lake limakhala lalitali ndi 1 mita ndipo limamera. Ndiwopanga mawoko a Armstrong's freesia komanso wosweka. Kuzindikira kwamaluwa akuluakulu, onunkhira aofiirira, rasipiberi, chikasu.
Mumitundu yonse itatuyo pali nthumwi wamba ndi tryry. Zakale zili ndi mzere umodzi wa pamakhala, terry freesia - 2 kapena mizere yopitilira. Kusakaniza kwa Freesia nthawi zambiri kumapezeka pogulitsa - ichi ndi chosakanikirana cha mitundu, zomwe zimatchedwa kusakaniza.
Zofunika! Posachedwa, mitundu yosemphana mitundu ili paliponse, pomwe mbali zake zazikulu za wina zimadutsa kamvekedwe ka maluwa.
Mitundu yotsatirayi ya freesia ndiyodziwika bwino ndi omwe amalima maluwa:
| Gulu | Kufotokozera |
| Kadinala | Maluwa ofiira alibe matayala |
| Ballerina | White Fenceia Ballerina ili ndi maziko a beige komanso ma petals oboola. |
| Apollo | Mitambo yoyera matalala ndi pharynx wachikasu |
| Pimperina | Mitengo yotsika-20-25 masentimita, mu maluwa a 6 maluwa okongola ofiira ndi achikasu, fungo silinenedwa |
| Fenceia Double White | Akuwombera mpaka 30 cm kutalika, miyala ya terry, yoyera |
| Helsinki | Perianth wofiirira wokhala ndi tint yofiirira komanso chilemba chachikaso pansi pa petal, pakati ndi zokutira zofiirira |
| Stockholm | Rose njerwa pamakhala ndi zolemba za terracotta pamphepete, kumapeto kwamaluwa |
| Red Lyon | Maluwa ndi ofiira owala ndi khosi la utoto wokhazikika |
| Makonda a Orange | Maluwa owala a lalanje ndi pharynx wolemera |
| Choyera choyera | Maluwa oyera okhala ndi zonona, amalira utoto |
Kukula Fenceia kuchokera ku mbewu
Mbewu za Fenceia zimazunguliridwa m'maso, zofiirira. Amacha mpaka zidutswa 2-3 m'bokosi limodzi (pod). Kutha kumera, amasunga mpaka zaka zitatu.
Momwe mungakulire kuchokera pa mbewu
Asanabzike, nthochi zimamizidwa mu njira ya pinki yamankhwala yam manganese ndikuyika kuti ziume pachoko chopukutira. Kenako amanyowa kwa maola 24 m'madzi oyera owiritsa pamoto pa 18 ° C ndikufesedwa mozama munthaka ndi 0.6-1 masentimita. Kuti mukukula, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha wokutidwa ndi polyethylene kapena filimu. Chinyezi mkati mwake chiyenera kukhala 60-70%, ndi kutentha - pafupifupi 22ºС. Kudumpha kwa izi ndizosayenera. Kuwongolera kuyenera kuchitidwa kawiri patsiku ndi kutsitsi lamadzi owiritsa. Bokosili limayikidwa pamalo otentha pomwe nthawi yamadzulo limalamulira. Patatha masiku 10 mutabzala, mbande zimayenera kuonekera.
Tikufika
Kubzala mphukira m'miphika kumachitika pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba awiri, mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kupitilizidwa osachepera 50 mm. Ndi isanayambike kutentha - idasunthidwa kupita panthaka. M'malo okhala, kufesa kumachitika mu Marichi. Chaka chotsatira, pofika tsiku la akazi padziko lonse lapansi, mbewuyo imaphuka.
Mukakulitsa mbande, malamulo ena ayenera kusamalidwa:
- kuwoneka kwa mphukira kuyenera kutsagana ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mbewuyo mpaka 8-10ºС;
- Zomera ndizithunzi, ndipo ndi kuchepa kwa maola masana, kuwunikira kowonjezereka kumafunikira mpaka maola 12 / tsiku;
- kuwongolera dzuwa kusakhale;
- kwambiri kutsirira analimbikitsa;
- mmalo sakonda kukonzekera.
Zofunika! Pambuyo pakupezeka kwa matumphuka, freesia amayenera kudyetsedwa ndi ammonium nitrate (10 g pa 5 l yamadzi). Pambuyo pake, kasanu pakapita masabata atatu aliwonse, yankho la nkhuku limawonjezeredwa (20: 20) ndi 10 g ya potaziyamu nitrate pa 5 l amadzimadzi.
Kunja kofikira
Freesia amadziwika ndi kukana chisanu. Zaka 10 zapitazo adalimidwa kokha m'malo obiriwira, tsopano amalimidwa m'minda, ngakhale kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Russia. Kukula kwa freesia ndi chisamaliro poyera ndi zachindunji:
- muyenera kuyang'anira kutentha;
- mayendedwe owala amayenera kuwongoleredwa;
- kuthirira waluso ndikofunikira.
Kuti musangalatse maluwa omwe ali mumaluwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, muyenera kubzala ma tubers m'matumba a peat kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Izi zisanachitike, mababuwo amawanyowa kwa theka la ora mu 0,2% yankho la maziko a msingi, atabzala 4-6 cm. Iyenera kuphukira kwakanthawi pa khonde labwino. Adabzala kunja kwanyumba osati koyambirira kwa Meyi, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumawotha mpaka 10ºº.
Kubzala masiku
Ma Freesias amaikidwa m'mbali mwa mtunda wa 6cm kuchokera pachilichonse, atalungika ndi peat kuti asasungunuke. Ochita maluwa odziwa bwino maluwa okula bwino mabowo obzala amayambitsa chisakanizo chamchenga ndi malasha osweka 1: 1. Manyowa chomera makamaka milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi superphosphate (30 g pa ndowa).
Zofunika! Malo obzala maluwa a freesia sayenera kukhala mumphepo, mthunzi wocheperako ndi wofunikira. Dziko lapansi likufunika mpweya wabwino komanso chinyezi.
Freesia ndi chomera chomwe chimalekerera dzuwa mwachindunji, chomwe chitha kuyambitsa kuyaka. Zofowoka zofooka zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zimayenera kukonzedwa, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mauna. Kubzala mbewu nthawi zosiyanasiyana kumapereka maluwa kuchokera kwa kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira. Ndi isanayambike chisanu, freesia yotulutsa mizu ikhoza kuikidwa mu mphika. Ndipo mchipindacho chidzakondweretsa mwiniwake kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kusamalira Freesia m'munda
Momwe mungamwetsere chomera
Chimodzi mwazofunikira kuti chisamalidwe chokwanira ndi kulima kwa freesia ndikothirira koyenera kukongola. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka, makamaka masabata awiri oyamba. Nthaka siyenera kusungunuka; kuyanika ndikosafunanso. Kuthirira kwambiri kofunikira ndikofunikira kuyika pomwe mphukira ndi pomwe chomera chikuyamba kuphuka. Pazolinga zodzitetezera, kupewa zowola, matenda, maluwa a freesia amathiridwa madzi asanadye. Pofika madzulo, mphukira zimayenera kupukuta kwathunthu.
Momwe mungamwere
Kubala Fenceia
Duwa limafalikira ndi ma corms ndi mbewu. Mu babu, zakudya zomwe zimafunikira kuti kumera kwa mphukira yatsopano ziikidwe. Pa tuber yakale mu Seputembara-Okutobala, ana amapangidwa (ma 4-5 ma PC. Aliyense), ndipo babuwo lokha limabadwanso kwathunthu. Mu nyengo yotsatira amafunika kudzipatula ndikabyala payokha, kuti akule. Momwemo ndi kubereka kophatikiza - popanda mavuto.
Freesia imafalikira ndi mbewu zosowa mbewu komanso kubereka mitundu yatsopano. Izi ndi zovuta komanso zosadalirika.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Akakulidwa m'deralo, duwa limakonda kumenyedwa: nsabwe za m'masamba, nthata za kangaude komanso kupindika. Potere, chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amafunikira (Iskra, Fitoverm).
Zofunika! Palibe mankhwala achilengedwe omwe angapulumutse chomera chomwe mumakonda kuchokera ku ma thrips ndi ma spider nthata. Sizikupanga nzeru kutaya nthawi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Tizilombo
Maonekedwe a fusarium, kuwola kapena nkhonya pa mphukira zimangotanthauza kuti chomera sichimawasamalira bwino. Maluwa a Fenceia ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi ofunda pambuyo pokhazikika. Zomera siziyenera kupsinjika kuti mpweya "uziyenda" momasuka, kuthirira usiku ndikulimbikitsidwa.
Zofunika! Ma virus nthawi zambiri amayambitsa chikasu ndi kufa kwa masamba. Chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa chikuyenera kuchotsedwa pomwepo pa maluwa okwanira ndi kuwotchedwa.
Maluwa osamalira
Kutulutsa kwathunthu kumatheka pokhapokha ngati kutentha kwamphamvu. M'milungu isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira, ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi 22 ° C, ndipo maluwa asanakhale - adachepetsedwa mpaka 10-15 ° C.
Maluwa a Fenceia ndi olemera, ndichifukwa chake mphukira imayenera kuthandizidwa pakamasamba. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kuti mutambasule mapasawo pabedi. Kubzala mbewu bwino ndi masentimita 5 kuchokera pachilichonse, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti izikhala ndi masentimita 15 pakati pa mizere. Panthawi imeneyi, madzi othandiza kwambiri amafunikiranso. Komabe, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuti freesia imakhala yoyipa pakuyenda kwamadzi.
Fenceia pambuyo maluwa
Momwe angatolere nthanga ndi nthawi
Kuti tisonkhanitse nthangala pachomera, timachi mungu ndi ma burashi. Pambuyo maluwa, mabokosi ambewu amapanga. Ayenera kusiyidwa pamtengo mpaka atakhwima, i.e. ndipo pambuyo panu agwa. Muyenera kudikirira mpaka mabokosi atakhala oderako komanso osalimba - ino ndiye nthawi yosonkhanitsa. Nthawi zambiri, amawuma m'malo otentha papepala kapena sosefera, kutali ndi dzuwa, kusakanikirana pafupipafupi. Sungani mbewu mu envelopu yamapepala, onetsetsani kuti mwaayina.
Kukonzekera yozizira
Pakadutsa masabata atatu kuchokera patatha maluwa, nthawi yakwana yakukula kwa ana pamababu - zofunikira za m'badwo wotsatira wamera. Maluwa atasiya kukopa, amadziduladula kuti mbewuyo isamawononge michere pachabe ndipo mapangidwe a mbewu samachitika, koma kuthirira kumapitilizidwa mpaka mwezi.
Zofunika! Masamba samachotsedwa komaliza, amathandizira mababu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mizu ya Freesia ku Russia (makamaka Urals, Siberia) sikhala nyengo yozizira. Pambuyo chikasu cha mphukira, zidula, mababu amakumbidwa. Masabata awiri asanachotsedwe pansi, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa ndipo kutentha kumachepa. Amasungidwa ndikuziyika mu thumba la nsalu pamunyontho wa 65% ndi kutentha kwa 28-30ºС. Kuti mupeze chinyezi mumlengalenga, chidebe chamadzi chimayikidwa pafupi ndi malo osungira. Miyezi itatu ndikwanira "kupumula" kwa ma tubers. Pambuyo panthawiyi, mababu amatha kukonzekera kubzala.
Momwe mungakonzekere chomera nyengo yachisanu
Gwiritsani ntchito kapangidwe kake
Freesia ndi mlendo wolandilidwa. Ndizofunikira komanso zotchuka pakupanga makatani, miyala yamiyala, mabedi amaluwa, mitundu yosakanikirana. Tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yosakanizidwa. Ojambula ambiri opanga mawonekedwe, akafunsidwa kuti ndi duwa liti lomwe lingawonjezere kupangika ndi kukongola, amatanthauza freesia. Nthawi zambiri zimabzalidwa pamodzi ndi zitsamba: thyme, lavender, rosemary. Maluwa nthawi zambiri amakulamo mumiphika, m'malo oika maluwa, ndikuwatulutsa kukongoletsa malo okhala masitepe, makonde, makonde. Ndizosavuta kuti zokongoletsera zotere zitha kubisidwa m'nyumba nthawi chisanu chikalowa.
Pazaka pafupifupi 10, malinga ndi akatswiri otulutsa maluwa achi Dutch, freesia ali pamndandanda wachisanu pamndandanda wotchuka pamsika wamaluwa. Zonsezi chifukwa cha chisomo chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi utoto wonunkhira bwino.
