Cholinga cha mlimi aliyense ndicho kupeza zokolola zabwino. Koma kuti izi zitheke, nkofunika kugwira ntchito bwino.
Pafupifupi munda aliyense pa tsambali ali ndi mtengo wa plamu. Ana ndi akulu amakonda kukondwera ndi zipatso zake.
Mphungu imatsekedwa ndi compotes, kupanikizana kumapangidwa, ndi plums ali ndi mankhwala.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri chaka ndi chaka, nkofunika kusamalira mitengo ya mbewuyi.
Njira yaikulu yochitira izi ndikudulira. Koma ambiri amadzifunsa ngati akufunikira? Mudzapeza yankho la funso ili ndi ena ambiri m'nkhaniyi.
Kudulira mitengo yamaluwa kumapeto kwa nyengo: zizindikiro za nthawi iliyonse
Inde, kudulira mitengo kudulira kumachitika chaka chilichonse.
Ngati mtengo umakula popanda munthu kulowetsa, mafoloko adzapangidwa omwe amachititsa kuti korona ikhale yochuluka kwambiri.
Cholinga cha kudulira plums ndikukula mtengo wathanzi ndi zipatso.
Zimanenedwa kuti kudulira kuli ndi zotsatira zoipa pa chikhalidwe ichi, koma sichoncho. Choyamba, chifukwa, kusamalira mtengo, mawonekedwe amapezeka, ndipo kachiwiri, ngati mutachita zonse molondola, sipadzakhala mavuto. Pazinthu zonse zazikuluzikulu za chisamaliro chotere pa nthawi zosiyana za chaka, tidzasintha kwambiri.
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani za kudulira mapulumu m'chaka ndi momwe mungachitire bwino?
Spring ndi nthawi yabwino ya chaka chodulira.
Kudulira mitengo kudulira nthawiyi ndi ntchito yofunikira kwambiri.
Amachitika kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, pamene chisanu choopsa chadutsa kale, koma nyengo yakukula isanayambe.
Kudulira kumachitika mu magawo awiri:
- Kupukuta - ndikochotsa nthambi zina ndikudula mphukira. Ngati korona wa mtengo ndi wandiweyani, ndiye mukuchita kupatulira.
- Kufupikitsa - ndikodulidwa zotsatira za chaka chatha, izi zachitika kuti chaka chamawa nthambi zatsopano za zipatso ziwonekere.
Kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera. Chitani chirichonse mosamala kuti musamavulaze mtengo.
Malo aliwonse odulidwa amachitiridwa ndi phula la munda kapena zinthu zapadera.
Kwenikweni mumapanga korona wochulukirapo, kwa zaka zisanu. Pansi pake pamachoka nthambi zazikulu 5 mpaka 7, zomwe zimakhala pamtunda wa madigiri 40-50 kuchokera pamtengo. Pendekani yowongoka molondola ndi zingwe.
Njira yabwino pamene nthambi zazikulu ndi zigoba zimayendetsedwa mosiyana ndi thunthu. Mtunda pakati pawo ukhale pafupifupi masentimita 20.
Nthambi zikuluzikulu zogwirizana ndi mbali zitatu za korona zimakhazikitsidwa motere: pangakhale nthambi 2-3 m'munsi mwake, ndipo ziwiri ziri pamlingo wofanana, ndipo lachitatu silo. Ndipo ngati mupanga njira ziwiri, ndiye kuti pambali yachiwiri muyenera kukhala ndi nthambi zikuluzikulu zikuluzikulu zomwe ziyenera kukhala pamagulu osiyanasiyana.
Kudulira zowonjezera maula a chilimwe
Home chilimwe kudulira kudulira mu July. Kudulira nthawi imeneyi kumachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti mtengo ndi wachinyamata ndipo ndikofunika kupanga korona wake.
Choyamba kudulira nyengo ya chilimwe kumapangidwa chaka chomwe mbewu zimabzalidwa, zimatero kuti zifupikitse nthambi kumapeto kwa July. Pachifukwa ichi, mphukira yowonjezera imachepetsedwa ndi 18-20 masentimita, ndipo mvula isanakwane imachepetsedwa ndi masentimita 15. Komabe, choyambira chapakati sichichepetsedwa.
M'chaka chachiwiri, kudulira kotentha kumachitika panthawi imodzimodzi, ndipo ntchito zonse zomwe zachitika chaka choyamba zikubwerezedwa. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo chotsani mphukira zonse.
Kudulira kwabwino kwambiri panthawi ino ya chaka kumakhudza mapulawa, omwe amatha kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ngati sakanakhoza kuwona nthambi zowonongeka m'chaka kapena ena a iwo sanadulidwe mpaka kumapeto.
Kudulira kwina pa nthawiyi ndi bwino chifukwa chilimwe mitengo yonse yodzala ndi masamba ndipo mukhoza kuona korona wa mtengo unakhuthala kapena ayi, ndipo pokhapokha mutengepo kanthu.
Kawirikawiri anakonza chilimwe kudulira tithandizeni mu June, koma mungathe kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana zaukhondo pamwezi uliwonse wotentha. Ndiye n'zotheka ngati pali matenda pa nthambi, sizingasinthe ku nthambi zina kapena sizidzafalikira ku mitengo yoyandikana nawo.
Kutentha kwadulira mitengo ya plum, mbali zazikulu za nthawiyi
Kudulira pa nthawi ino kumabwera malo achiwiri pambuyo pa masika. Zonse zofunikira ziyenera kuchitika pambuyo pa masamba onse atagwa, nyengo ikukula ndipo maula adzakonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Kwenikweni aliyense amachita pakati pa September. Koma simukuyenera kupitiliza kukonza mbeuyi kwa nthawi yaitali, mwinamwake chisanu choyamba sichingakhale chabwino kwa mtengo.
Choyamba chisamaliro pa nthawiyi ndi kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi kapena zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka, ndi nthambi zomwe zidathyoledwa chifukwa chokolola zochuluka. Komanso kugwa mungathe kuchotsa pamwamba pa mtengo, ngati mwadzidzidzi watalika kwambiri.
Mutatha kuchita zonsezi, mutha kuchita izi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchotsa mphukira zofulumira, zomwe zidzatulutsa korona, komanso mphukira za mpikisano. M'dzinja, iwo amadulidwa ndi pafupifupi theka la kutalika konse.
Kwenikweni, ndondomeko yonse yakudulira mitengo ikuwoneka ngati iyi:
- Ngati iyi ndi yoyamba kudulira, atatha kubzala maula, thunthu lalikulu limadulidwa ndi lachitatu, ndiyeno mphukira zina zimadulidwa magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu, izi zimachitidwa kuti asapange mpikisano pakati pawo.
- M'dzinja kudulira mitengo yakale kapena yosasamalidwa ikuchitidwa pofuna kubwezeretsa, nthambi zonse zoipa zimachotsedwa.
- Kudulira katatu kumatchedwa kulamulira, kumapangidwira mitengo yonse. Chotsani nthambi zonse zolimba kuti muwononge korona.
Ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kudula mitengo yowudula kumapangidwa bwino kumadera akum'mwera, komanso pakati ndi kumpoto, zonsezi ziyenera kutumizidwa kumapeto.
Pambuyo pa zonse zomwe zatengedwa, nthambi zowonongeka zimatenthedwa kuti zinyama zisapitirire.
Tidzakudziwitsani ngati kuli kofunika kudulira mitengo ya mitengo yachangu ndikukhala pa mfundo zazikulu.
Kudulira mitengo yodulidwa m'nyengo yozizira kumakhala kotchuka kwambiri.
Ndipo zonse chifukwa chakuti maulawo amatanthauza miyala ya chikhalidwe, ndipo imayamba oyambirira zakudya zamasamba. Ndipo woyang'anira munda, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa msanga kwa nyengo yozizira mpaka masika, akhoza kuphonya mphindi pamene masamba ayamba kuphulika.
Zomera zimalekerera chimfine chachisanu chabwino kuposa mbewu zina zamatabwa zamwala, koma akadakali chikhalidwe cha thermophilic.
Ntchito zonse zofunika ziyenera kuchitika. mu February pa kutentha kwa pafupi 15 ° Ckoma osati otsika.
Main ubwino wa chisanu chozizira chikhalidwe ichi:
- M'nyengo yozizira, palibe masamba pamtengo, omwe amapereka mwachidule mkhalidwe wa chikhalidwe. Chifukwa chaichi, mungathe kudziwa bwino momwe mungatchekere.
- Nthawi yachisanu, mtengowo sungakhale ndi nkhawa iliyonse pamene ukudulira poyerekeza ndi nthawi zina.
- Nthambi zowonjezereka zimakhala zosavuta kudula, ndi zonsezi, mawonekedwe a matabwa afupika kukhala zero.
- Ubwino ndikuti m'nyengo yozizira ndi kosavuta kuyika masitepe pamtengo, popanda mantha kuwononga kukula kwa chikhalidwe.
Ngati mutachita zonse molunjika pamene mukudulira m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi kuti musayambe kuwononga mtengo. Kudula nthambi kudzakhala kophweka, ndipo kudula kudzakhala kosavuta.
Kodi ndondomeko yotani kudulira achinyamata ndi achikulire? Zida ndi kukonza njira
Kudulira ma plamu chaka chimodzi
Ndikofunika kuti izi zichitike mwamsanga mutabzala mmera, kuti mizu yowonongeka ipereke zinthu zonse zofunikira kudula nthambi.
Kudulira mitengo yoyamba kumatulutsidwa pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi cha moyo wa mmera. Koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mbande imadulidwa kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu za moyo, chifukwa chakuti mbande izi zimakhazikika komanso zimakhazikika bwino.
Koma izi siziri choncho, ndipo mosiyana, mphukira za mitengoyi zidzakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo, chifukwa chake, zidzakhala zofunikira kuzidula mosamala, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto ochuluka kwa mwini munda.
Pakuti mbande za mtengo uwu zimakhala ndi kukula kochepa kwa mphukira, mwachitsanzo, ena akhoza kukula kwambiri kuposa ena. N'chifukwa chake kudulira miyambo ya achinyamata kumapanga 2 kapena 3 pachaka. Mtengo wapakati umadulidwa kamodzi pachaka kuti ukhale mtsogoleri pakati pa mphukira yonse.
Chinthu chofunikira pa nkhaniyi ndikuti ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa maziko a kukula ndi kukula kwa nthambi za chigoba m'chaka chimodzi cha moyo wa chikhalidwe, ndipo kale m'chaka chachitatu - maziko a chigawo chachiwiri. Mu chaka chokhazikitsa korona, onetsetsani kuti mutchepetse pamwamba ndi nthambi zikukula pakati pa korona.
Chofunikanso chofunika ndi chakuti kuti chitukuko chabwino ndi kukula kwa mtengo zikhale kofunikira pa gawo loyambalo kuti adziwe kutalika kwake ndi kupanga chikhalidwe chiyenera kukhala nacho kuti atsatire njira yomwe idaperekedwa m'tsogolomu.
Chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa maula, ziyenera kukhala bwanji?
M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wa maulamuliro mitengo yodulidwa pakatikati pa Marchpamene malo odulidwa amachiritsa bwino komanso mofulumira.
Pamene mukudulira chaka chachiwiri cha mtengo, choyamba muyenera kusankha zitatu kapena zinayi zamagulu ndi kudulira iwo theka kapena lachitatu.
Mdulidwe uyenera kukhala m'malo mwa impso. Pa nyengo yokula nyengo amawombera pa thunthu, yomwe, pachiyambi, iyenera kudulidwa ndi pafupifupi 5-7 masentimita, ndipo kale mu nyengo yachiwiri yokula, idulidwe kwathunthu.
Kodi ndi njira yotani yokudulira maula akale?
Kutalika kwa mitengo yakale kumakhala pafupi zaka fifitini. Nthawi yonseyi muyenera kusunga yunifolomu kukula kwa chigoba nthambi ndi waukulu wophunzitsa. Amatha mpaka mtunda wafika mamita 2.5, kenako mtengo waukulu ndi nthambi zazikulu zimadulidwa.
Izi zidzathetsa kukula kwa mtengo, ndipo wolima munda ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa kumaunikira korona wa chikhalidwe. Ambiri mumtengo wakale, nthambi zokhazokha ndi zodwala zimadulidwa, ndipo zing'onozing'ono sizigwira.
Pakuyimitsa kukula kwa mtengo wakale wa mphukira zatsopano, muyenera kugwira kudulira kudulira mitengo. Komanso, chisamaliro ichi chiyenera kuchitika ndi mbewu yaing'ono kapena chikhalidwe chiyamba kubala zipatso pamwamba pa korona wa mtengo.
Mukamagwira ntchitoyi, m'pofunika kudula nthambi zakale kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, nthende zilonda zomwe zimalandira panthawi yodulira ndi mpeni ndikuziwombera ndi munda wamaluwa.
Mukadula nthambi zazikulu muyenera kuziyika pansi, kenako kuchotsa kutalika, ndikofunika kuti musadye mtengo.
Pamene chikhalidwe chimawona mapangidwe a chilonda, chidzatumiza zakudya zambiri kumalo amenewa, zomwe zidzathandiza kufulumira komanso kuchiritsa. Pamalo odulidwa, amapangidwira mphukira zatsopano, zomwe zimakhala zotsalira 3 kapena 4 zokha, zina zonse zimachotsedwa mu mwezi wa July.
Njira zonse zothana ndi ukalamba siziyenera kuchitika chaka chimodzi, monga mtengo wakale sukhoza kupulumuka mabala ambiri omwe amalandira, choncho ndiyenera kuwamatula m'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kudulira mitengo yodulidwa kumalimbikitsa kuchita ngati pali shtamb yamphamvu ndi yathanzi.
Nazi malingaliro othandizira ndi kudulira mitengo nthawi iliyonse pa kukula kwake:
- Masika ndi nyengo yabwino kwambiri yochekera mbewu, popeza kudula mitengo yowuma kumatha kuuma mtengo kwambiri.
- Pa nthawi yoyamba yokhala ndi korona, sizingavomerezedwe kudula mtengo mwamphamvu. Njira yabwino kwambiri ikanakhala kukhazikitsa nthambi zazikulu.
- Kwa mitundu yomwe ili ndi nthambi zing'onozing'ono, kudulira mphukira kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira yotsatirayi: mpaka 50 cm mu mitundu yaing'ono ya nthambi ndi 60 cm mu mphamvu.
- Pambuyo chikhalidwe chimayamba kubala zipatso zoyamba, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa m'njira ya nthambi. Izi zimachitika pamtunda wa mamita awiri-3-3, kudula kumbali ya nthambi.
- Pa fruiting yoyamba ya maula ndi bwino kuti musatenge. Ngati pali chosowa chachikulu, pangani kudula masamba.
- Mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa korona wa chikhalidwe ichi umawoneka ngati chikho chooneka ngati chikho. Kuti muchite izi, panthawi ya korona ya mtengo, muyenera kusankha nthambi zitatu zomwe zili pamtunda wa 120 ° pakati pa pafupi ndi thunthu ndi 50 cm.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenganso za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plums.
Timaphunzira chiwembuchi kapena timapanga kudulira mitengo
Njira yokometsera mtengo wa plamu ikufanana ndi kudulira mbewu za chitumbuwa. M'zaka zoyambirira, iwo amayamba kupanga zigoba nthambi, kufooketsa kapena kwathunthu, kuchotsa iwo, omwe m'tsogolomu akhoza kubisa korona.
Kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha chaka chimodzi kumachotsa kutalika ngati mukufunikira kupereka nthambi njira ina; amafananitsa nthambi zazikulu. Ndipo kuchotsani pamwamba pa mphukira zamphamvu zomwe zaphuka bwino kapena zimatulutsa nkhuni.
Pamene chikhalidwe chimafika palimodzi-fruiting, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti ikule kukula. Koma ndi zabwino, pafupifupi masentimita 40, kukula, kudulira kwachitidwa pofuna kuchepetsa korona wa mtengo. Koma ngati phinduli liri lochepera 20 masentimita, m'pofunikira kudula nthambi mpaka zaka ziwiri za nkhuni pamwamba pa nthambi.
Ngati pamapeto pa chigoba cha nthambi yosachepera masentimita 15, ndiye kuti nkofunika kuyamba kuyambiranso.
Pochita kudulira, kupatulira kwa korona kumachitika, zopotoka ndi shaded nthambi zimachotsedwa.
Pofuna kudulira mitengo yodulidwa muzigwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga munda wakuwona, pruner, lakuthwa mumunda.
Mafuta atsopano akukonzekera munda wamaluwa. Zida zonse zowonongeka ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zopanda kanthu.
