Cholinga chachikulu cha chisamaliro chilichonse cha chinyumba cha nyumba ndicho kukwaniritsa maonekedwe ake okongola. Begonia ndi wokongola modabwitsa pa nthawi yake yamaluwa. Kuti mupange motalika komanso wochulukirapo, muyenera kupanga zofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino. M'nkhaniyi tikukufotokozerani za momwe mungasamalirire begonia kunyumba: momwe begonias amabzalidwa, zikhalidwe za begonia zimakhala bwanji, momwe begonia amabereka kunyumba, ndikupatsani zambiri zofunika komanso zosangalatsa za zomera zokongola izi.
Microclimate ndi nthaka
Kutentha kwabwino kwa moyo ndi chitukuko cha begonia mu chilimwe cha madigiri 21-23, m'nyengo yozizira ya 15-18 (tinalemba za momwe tingakhalire begonia m'nyengo yozizira panyumba). Musalole kuti kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa boma, kusintha kwa kutentha kufikira kuzizira ziyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono, mwinamwake maluwa angafe. Komanso, chomeracho chimapweteketsa kwambiri kukonza.
Begonia imakonda kuwala kwakukulu, makamaka nthawi ya maluwa. Kuchokera izi kumadalira maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa kukula. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chomerachi chiyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa kuti zisawonongeke.
Maluwa okongola a begonia anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku nkhalango zam'madera otentha, choncho maluwawo amafunikira kusungunuka nthawi zonse popanda madontho, koma kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi chinyezi ndi masamba kupopera mbewu ndizosafunika, chifukwa izi zimachititsa maonekedwe a mdima. Njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli ndi kuika mphika mu poto ndi dongo lonyowa.
Kutentha kwa mlengalenga kwa duwa n'kofunika kwambiri kuposa chinyezi cha dziko lapansi.
Mabwino onse a begonia adzakhala mu mphika wa ceramic. Kwa chomera chaching'ono, kukula kwa mphika sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu, kungayambitse kuwonongeka. Kwa majeremusi, ndi bwino kusankha makina okhala ndi mamita 5-6 masentimita, ndipo pambuyo pa kukula kwa mizu, kuonjezera m'mimba mwake. Nkofunika kuti pansi pa mphika munali mabowo a kunja kwa madzi ochulukirapo (momwe mungasankhire chophika ndi kubzala begonia mmenemo, werengani apa).
Kukula bwino ndi chitukuko chabwino cha begonias, ndikofunikira kusankha nthaka yabwino. Izi ziphatikizapo nthaka ya masamba, kukwera peat, mchenga ndi humus kapena nthaka yakuda.
Dziko lapansi siliyenera kukhala ndi tannins, choncho zipangizo zochokera ku msondodzi kapena thundu sizigwira ntchito.
Kuti chitonthozo cha mizu chikhale chitetezo, dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lachonde, lochepa pang'ono. Kuwongolera kwa dongo wowonjezera kumayikidwa pansi pa thanki, ndipo chotsatira chotsatira chimalimbikitsidwa kutsanulira makala kuti athetse kuvunda kwa mizu.
Dothi la begoniya silingakhoze kuphikidwa paokha, koma linagulidwa pa sitolo yapadera. Kukonzekera, mungathe kuwonjezera mchenga kwa iwo - zidzakulitsa dothi looseness, kotero kofunika kuti begonias.
Zizindikiro za kukula
Kupambana kwa njira za chisamaliro za begonia kungayesedwe ngati mbewuyo ikutsatira ndondomeko yomwe imatengedwa ndi maluwa kapena ayi. Ngati malamulo onse akutsatiridwa, koma pakadalibe masamba, izi sizifukwa zokhumudwitsidwa.
Momwe mungamere, madzi ndi kusamalira begonia, kotero kuti imamasula, tiwerenge m'nkhani zathu.
Begonia ikukula mumphika ikhoza kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri kuti isayambe maluwa.. Fufuzani ndi losavuta: ovary ikuwonekera pamene mutha kuwerengera mphete zisanu kapena zisanu pa tsinde. Ngati chomeracho chili ndi zochepa, muyenera kungodikirira mpaka zitakula.
Begonia ikhoza kukula osati kunyumba. Pa zobisika za kulima munda wa begonia kumunda, talemba apa.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji?
Kuthirira.- M'chilimwe, begonias amafuna nthawi zonse madzi ambiri okwanira. Komabe, madzi sayenera kuloledwa kusonkhanitsa poto. Ndi bwino kuthirira madzi opatulidwa bwino pamene dziko lapansi limauma ndi masentimita 1-1.5.
- M'dzinja, kusinthasintha pakati pa kuthirira pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezeka.
- Ngati m'nyengo yozizira mu chipinda chozizira kuthirira ayenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Kwa oimira tuberous begonia, nyengo yozizira ndi nthawi yopuma, Mitundu yachisanuyi imayikidwa mu peat ndi kuthirira kwathunthu.
Begonias amadyetsedwa kuyambira masiku oyambirira a maluwa, ndifupipafupi kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Zokwanira izi zimagwiritsa ntchito zovuta zovuta mankhwala. Chakudya chimapitirira mpaka chomera sichitha pachimake. Manyowa ovuta amathandiza zokha zokha zokongoletsa. Ngati mukufuna kudyetsa zokometsetsa begonia begonia, makondomu ayenera kuperekedwa kwa nayitrogeni feteleza, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukula kwa masamba.
Momwe mungasamalire begonia kunyumba mutagula, tinauza apa.
Timapereka kuwonera kanema yokhudza kudyetsa koyenera kwa begonias:
Mavuto angakhalepo
Matenda
- Vascular bacteriosis - Begonias ayambe kuwuma masamba kumbali. Zizindikiro zomwezo zikhoza kuwonetsedwa pamene kusagwirizana ndi boma la ulimi wothirira.
- Kutaya masamba ndi masamba - vutoli likhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mpweya wouma kwambiri kapena mtanda wouma wouma.
- Mame a Mealy - Zikuwoneka ngati zobiriwira pamasamba a begonia. Kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha matendawa kuphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu ndi mpweya wouma m'chipinda.
- Grey kuvunda - amawoneka ngati mawanga ofiira pa masamba. Zimachokera ku kuthirira mochuluka.
- Masamba oponyedwa - Chizindikiro chimene begonia chimayambira chifukwa chosowa chinyezi ndi mpweya wouma.
- Masamba a masamba a masamba anawona mu zomera ngati alibe kusowa kwa kuwala.
- Mitengo ndi maluwa zimadetsedwa ndipo zimagwa ngati kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi madzi kunaloledwa, kapena kunathirira madzi okwanira.
Timapereka kuwonera kanema za matenda a begonia:
Tizilombo
- Shchitovka - amadziwika kuti alipo chifukwa chakuti masamba amakhala owala komanso othandizira.
- Kangaude mite - Pomwe imaonekera kumbuyo kwa masamba a begonia, mukhoza kuona cobwebu chochepa, masamba atembenukira chikasu ndikuwongolera. Zimakhudza kufooka kwa zakudya zowonongeka.
Timapereka kuwonera kanema za tizirombo ta begonias ndi njira zothetsera iwo:
Kunyumba kusamalira masamba osiyanasiyana ofiira
Mtundu uwu wa begonia sumafuna kusamalira.
Nkofunika kuchita nthawi zonse kuthirira, panthawi yake transplantation ndi begonia kudya. Beysia ya masamba ofiira alibe nthawi yopumula yosiyana. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimachepetsa kukula, ndipo kuthirira ndi kudyetsa kwachepa.
Zosiyana za chisamaliro poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya begonias:
Kuthirira kumakhala kosavuta kuposa mitundu ya maluwa - kamodzi pa sabata m'chilimwe ndi kangapo pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira.- Kupaka zovala zapamwamba kumachitika mwezi uliwonse.
- Red begonia imapweteka kwambiri kupweteka kulikonse ndipo pambuyo pakupatsirana kumafuna kusamala kwambiri.
Kuthirira kumakhala kosavuta kuposa mitundu ya maluwa - kamodzi pa sabata m'chilimwe ndi kangapo pamwezi m'nyengo yozizira.Kusunga chitukuko chabwino cha begonias kulipira mwini wake mwamsanga, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa zokongoletsera, chomerachi chimatha kuchiza dera lozungulira poyambitsa matendawa, chifukwa cha mkulu wa phytoncides.
Malo osangalatsawa amathandizira kusintha chitetezo chokwanira, kuchepetsa kutopa ndi kuonjezera bwino.
