Kodi nthaka ya maluwa mkati - acidic kapena zamchere

Malo a maluwa amkati ndi malo ofunika kuti akhalepo. Koma dothi limakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo limakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, motsatana, ndipo limasankhidwa kutengera mtundu wa maluwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa mtundu womwe dothi limafunikira chomera china, momwe lingakhalire lothandiza zaka zingapo. Kumvetsetsa zofunikira zonse, mutha kukonza dothi losakanikirana ndi manja anu.

Bwino nthaka yokonzedwa kunyumba

Anthu ambiri amakonda kugula dothi la m'nyumba m'nyumba m'misika. Koma mutha kudzipeka nokha. Potere, osakaniza adzakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• kuthekera kutsatira njira yeniyeni yophika, kuwonjezera zinthu zambiri zomwe mtundu wina umafuna;
• kuphatikiza mbande kuti yatsopano ipangidwe mwachangu;
• limakupatsani ndalama.

Kupanga kwa kusakaniza kwa dothi kunyumba

Ngakhale zabwino, palinso zovuta. Kutheka kofalikira kwamaluwa amkati ndi bowa kapena matenda. Kuti mupewe izi, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka.

Momwe angakonzekerere dothi losakaniza

Njira ina yomwe ingagulidwe ndi nthaka ya DIY yopangira mbewu zakunyumba. Nthaka yachilengedwe imakhala ndi machitidwe abwino opangira mbewu zamkati, koma amafunika kukonzekera. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zofunikira pakusamalira maluwa omwe mumakonda, mawonekedwe a kubzala ndikupanga osakaniza ndi manja anu.

Zigawo zikuluzikulu

Dothi lamkati lamkati lili ndi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu: lapansi, mchenga ndi peat. Chimodzi mwazonse zosakanizidwa ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito:

• peat imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa acidity;
• mchenga umamasula dothi, potero umachepetsa unasi wake.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zina zimakhudzidwa ndi dothi, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumatengera ndi chomera chomwe chidzabzalidwe mmenemo. Mwachitsanzo:

• vermiculite ndi agroperlite ali ndi udindo wothandizira;
• dolomite ufa udzachepetsa acidity;
• saprogel ndi vermicompost limalemeretsa nthaka ndi kufufuza zinthu;
• khungwa la mitengo limamasula dothi ndipo sililola kuti lisafukire.

Zigawo za osakaniza ziyenera kusakanikirana molondola.

Momwe mungapangire tizilombo ta dothi la m'nyumba

Zosakaniza zokonzeka zomwe zikugulitsidwa m'masitolo zimachita chithandizo chapadera kuti zisachitike matenda kapena tizirombo. Ngati duwa la maluwa akunyumba lidakonzedwa ndi manja anu, ndiye kuti muzichita zina kuti mudzitulutse nokha.

Bacteria ndi bowa amawonongeka mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala a phytosporin. Ikawululidwa, microflora ya pathogenic imawonongeka, ndipo dothi limapangidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala.

Thermal nthaka chithandizo

Mutha kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakukweza kutentha. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuyitentha mu uvuni, kapena kuyimitsa pa khonde nthawi yozizira. Njira zomalizirazi sizipereka chitsimikizo cha 100%. Udzu ndi mphutsi za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kukhalabe m'nthaka. Kutentha mu uvuni ndikodalirika, koma nthawi yambiri. Nthaka imafalikira papepala lophika, kuwaza ndi madzi ndikuwotchera mu uvuni mpaka 120 ° C. Gwiritsani pafupifupi ola limodzi 1. Nthawi yonseyo, nthaka nthawi zonse imasakanikirana. Zoyipa za njirayi ndikuti, pamodzi ndi tizirombo, mabakiteriya angapo opindulitsa nawonso amawonongeka - kusakaniza kwa dothi kumataya theka la malo ake.

Mitundu yayikulu ya nthaka

Dothi lonyalanyaza chilichonse liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunika zina. Ichi ndichifukwa chake olima maluwa aluso salimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lamtundu uliwonse. Zomera zina zimakonda dothi lotayirira, zina zimangomva mulingo wazokulirapo. Kutengera izi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa mitundu yosakaniza ya dothi.

Zosakanikirana zazing'ono, zapakati komanso zolemera lapansi

Kamangidwe ka gawo lapansi kamagawidwa m'magulu angapo:

• mapapu;
• sing'anga;
• zolemetsa.

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kuwala ndizophatikiza 40% peat, 15% dothi la m'munda, tsamba 5% kapena nthaka ya sod, 40% mchenga. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zigawo zina: agroperlite, vermiculite, makala, zochulukitsa zidutswa zing'onozing'ono zadongo. Kusakaniza kopepuka ndi koyenera kwa zotsatirazi zamkati:

• chipululu cacti;
• amathandizirana ndi masamba othinana.

Zosakanikirana za muzu zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozika mizu mumphika wopanda chofewa mizu, koma pakukula ndikofunikira kuphatikiza pang'onopang'ono.

Kuti mupeze osakaniza, zotsatirazi ndizofunikira:

• peat - 30%;
• minda yamaluwa - 25%;
• tsamba kapena turf kumtunda - 15%;
• humus - 5%;
• mchenga - 25%;
• vermiculite ndi makala ngati zina zowonjezera.

Zosakanikirana zapakatikati zimawonedwa ponseponse. Yoyenera ma kanjedza, mitundu ina ya zakudya, zokongoletsera komanso zowola zamitundu yazomeramo.

Kuti mupeze zosakaniza zamtunda zolemera, muyenera kutenga 35% ya peat, 25% - koloko ya sopo, tsamba 20% kapena nthaka ya sod, 10% - mchenga, 10% - humus. Mwa zina zowonjezera, khungwa lamatabwa, singano za paini, sphagnum, makala amawonjezera. Zosakaniza zadothi zazikulu zakonzedwa motere:

• kanjedza;
• zokwawa;
• ferns;
• azaleas;
• begonias;
• fuchsias;
• kotentha kotentha.

Komanso, mbewu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yolimba zimabzalidwa m'nthaka yakulemera.

Zigawo zambiri muzosakanikirana zimatha kukonzekereranso.

Dziko la Humus

Manyowa kapena manyowa amachokera ku manyowa a nyama. Nthawi zambiri mahatchi ndi ng'ombe zimapereka zinthu zabwino. Amayikidwa mu dzenje la kompositi kapena mulu chabe, wokutidwa bwino ndi mafuta opanda mafuta ndikusungidwa kwazaka ziwiri. Kenako zida zophatikizidwazo zimazunguliridwa.

Turf dziko

Kuti tipeze dziko la turf, ndikofunikira kukhala zaka 2. M'nyengo yachilimwe-nthawi yachilimwe, mathithi kapena dambo laudzu limadulidwa. Kenako m'malo ena omata milu m'matumba ndi manyowa. Pakapita kanthawi, dziko lapansi limazunguliridwa ndikuzaza matumba olimba. Ngati kulibe malo a sod, pomwe mukusonkhanitsa dothi losakanikirana limatha m'malo ndi mole kapena dimba lolemeretsedwa ndi feteleza.

Dziko lolumikizana

Dera lokhazikika limatha kuyimiriridwa kukhala nkhalango ya payini kapena yamkokomo. Zoyala pansi. Kunyumba, malo ophatikizika ndi okonzedwa motere:

• sonkhanitsani singano zakugwa;
• ziikeni mu dzenje la kompositi zomwe zimakhala ndi peat ndi mchenga (zigawo 15 cm masentimita);
• kupirira zaka ziwiri.

Dziko lolumikizana

Padziko lapansi

Kuti malo ali ndi masamba, ndikofunikira kutolera masamba agawo amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amayamikiridwa makamaka kuchokera ku mitengo ya maapulo, phulusa, linden. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kutenga masamba a thundu, msondodzi, popula, mgoza. Masamba osonkhanawo amathiriridwa m'maenje a kompositi, owazidwa ndi laimu.

Mchenga

Mchenga umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zonyowa. Ndi chithandizo chake, mpweya umaperekedwa ku mizu ya mbewu. Ichi ndichinthu chofunikira mumitundu iliyonse. Zomera zapakhomo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti titenge mchenga wamtambo, koma womwe umasambitsidwa bwino.

Peaty

Peat nthawi zambiri imagulidwa m'misika yamaluwa. Imakonzedwa ndikuikidwa mmatumba kuti apange. Palibe ntchito zowonjezera zofunika. Peat, yomwe imalowetsedwa ku nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe ngati feteleza, monga gawo la dothi losakanizika pobzala maluwa m'nyumba siyabwino. Iyenera kusungidwa kwakanthawi. Akangosintha kukhala chopindika komanso chopunthira, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina.

Peat kwa malo obiriwira amagwiritsa ntchito bwino-kupendekera komanso kuwumba

Asidi acidity

Kuyenera kwa gawo lapansi lazomera zamkati kumadziwika ndi chizindikiro monga acidity. Chomwe chimathandizira kudziwa izi: - Kuwonetsa zomwe zili mu hydrogen ions (pH). Ngati nthaka yosaloledwa kapena yamchere, pH ndi 7. Mitundu yotsika imayimira acidization wa dothi, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa pH kumatanthauza kuwonjezereka kwa alkalinity.

Ojambula maluwa ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi maluwa ati amkati omwe amakonda nthaka ya acid. Mndandanda umaperekedwa pansipa:

• azalea;
• ferns;
• hydrangea;
• Camellia
• monstera;
• Anthurium.

Kuyeza kwa Chidwi Chaudongo

Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mitengo iti komanso tchire yokonda nthaka yac acid. Izi zimaphatikizapo viburnum, blueberries, rhododendron, raspberries, buckthorn, Japan quince.

Wophatikiza pang'ono, pafupifupi osalowerera ndale:

• katsitsumzukwa;
• Amaryllis
• begonia;
• pelargonium;
• tradescantia ndi ena ambiri.

Zomera - okonda dothi la alkaline:

• duwa;
• Chrysanthemum
• cineraria.

Momwe mungapangire nthaka acidic kunyumba

Pali njira zingapo zokulitsira acid m'nthaka kunyumba. Kusankha kumadalira kapangidwe ka dothi. Zosakaniza zowoneka bwino komanso zotayirira zimatha kuphatikiza ndikuwonjezera gawo lalikulu la chinthu chachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kompositi, sphagnum moss kapena wamba mullein. Choyipa cha njirayi ndi kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kuti mupeze kusintha kwakukulu mu pH.

Kwa dothi lolemera komanso lokwera, njira zina ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa zolengedwa zidzakulitsa zomwe zili zamchere. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuti acidure nthaka m'njira zotsatirazi:

• sulfure kuwonjezera;
• kukhazikitsidwa kwa sulfate yachitsulo;
• kugwiritsa ntchito urea kapena njira zina zokhala ndi ammonia.

Mutatenga zonse zofunikira pokonzekera gawo lapansi kunyumba, mutha kupeza dothi labwino kwambiri la mbewu zakunyumba. Nawonso adzathokoza chifukwa cha masamba abwino komanso maluwa ambiri.