Anthu ambiri amadziwa ngati chomera chokongoletsera, chimamera m'minda komanso m'nyumba m'miphika. Komabe, pali masamba a physalis, omwe amadyedwa. Zipatso zake ndizofanana kwambiri ndi tomato, zimamera mosazolowereka, zofanana mawonekedwe ndi nyali, yonse yoyambira.
Masamba a Physalis: Kufotokozera
Kukula masamba a masamba kunyumba ngati ndiwo zamasamba kulibebe wotchuka kwambiri monga kubzala kuti pakongoletsedwe. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa momwe mungakulitsire madokotala anu mu dacha, kuyisamalira moyenera ndikusuta pakapita nthawi.
Edible physalis ku Russia adayamba kukula kunyumba m'zaka za zana la 19. Izi zachitika kuchokera ku maiko aku Europe, pomwe mbewuyo idachokera kumalo ake achilengedwe - Central ndi South America.
Mitundu ya Physalis
Ma physalis, kutengera mitundu, amatha kutalika kwa mita imodzi. Ichi ndi mbewu yachikale ya banja la nightshade. Achimwene apafupi kwambiri ndi mbatata ndi tomato.
Pa chitsamba chimodzi, zipatso pafupifupi 200 zimatha kukhwima mu nyengo, zomwe zimayamba kumera chikho cha malalanje kapena chofiira-chomwe chimawoneka ngati tochi kapena belu lotsekeka.
Tcherani khutu! Ndi mlandu uwu womwe umateteza mwana wosabadwa kuzinthu zonse zoipa zachilengedwe, matenda ndi tizilombo.
Zipatso zazikuluzomera zimakhala ndi pafupifupi magalamu 50, pali mitundu yamasamba yomwe zipatso zake zimafikira 80 magalamu. Mosiyana ndi tomato, zipatso za physalis zimakhala ndi penti yosiyanasiyana. Zipatso zakupsa zimatha kukhala zobiriwira, zachikaso, lalanje, zofiirira komanso zofiirira.
Zomwe madokotala amachita
Simunganene nthawi yomweyo kuti kukoma kwa mitundu ya zipatso kumawoneka bwanji, chifukwa mitunduyo ndi yosiyana. Zipatso za ena zimakoma ngati zipatso ndi zipatso zingapo: sitiroberi, mphesa ndi mphesa zina. Mitundu ina imakhala ndi kununkhira kwa chinanazi.
Mitundu ingapo yamasamba imakumbukira kwambiri phwetekere wosakhwima, mitundu ina ndi yofanana ndi jamu. Nthawi zina kukoma kumakhala koyaka kapena kowawa, koma pokonzekera zokonzekera zozizira nyengo yachisanu, kuwawa konse ndi kuwawa kumatha.
Mtundu wa chipatso ndi wosiyana
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana Yanyama Yanyama
Chimodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ku Mexico ndi Tomatillo. Ali ndi zipatso za chikasu.
Tcherani khutu! Ndizachilendo kuti kudziko lakwawo, mbewuyo idakhala udzu wokhazikika kuyambira kale, ndipo adayesera kuti athetse.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:
- Korolek ndi masamba omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika caviar masamba nthawi yachisanu.
- Wamasamba wa masamba omwe wadutsa zipatso zambiri wachikaso. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano.
- Nthaka Gribovsky ndi mitundu yosavunda yobiriwira yokhala ndi zipatso zobiriwira zonunkhira pang'ono ndi zipatso zowala pang'ono.
- Moscow yakucha kumayambiriro. Zipatso ndi chikaso chachikulu.
- Plum Jam ali ndi utoto wofiirira wathunthu. Mutha kusiyanitsa ndi mtundu wina wofiirira wa Tomatillo ndi zamkati mkati: mosiyana ndi zamkati zofiirira za Tomatillo, Plum Jam ili ndi pakati.
- Physalis Gourmand. Gourmand yoyambirira yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zofunikira zomwe zimayeretsa thupi. Chitsamba chimafika kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 70. Ili ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu za lalanje zolemera 60 mpaka 80 magalamu. Ntchito popanga ma pickles, jamu nthawi yachisanu. Zimakonda kudya zatsopano.
Berry physalis: mitundu
Mosiyana ndi masamba, mitundu ya mabulosi a physalis ilibe kanthu povutirapo pamwamba pa zipatso. Gulu la mabulosi mitundu limaphatikizapo sitiroberi ndi mitundu ya Peru. Oimira otchuka ndi:
- Wizard ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu. Kwabwino kwambiri ndipo amadziwika ndi lalitali moyo wa zipatso.
- Mitundu ya mchere idapangidwa ku Russia. Zipatso zing'onozing'ono ndi lalanje-lalanje.
- Columbus ndi osiyanasiyana wokhala ndi zipatso zazing'ono za lalanje, kukoma kwawo ndikofanana ndi sitiroberi.
- Raisin ndi wachinyamata, koma wotchuka kwambiri. Zipatso zazing'ono zachikasu za mmera zimakoma ngati chinanazi.
Matimuti poyera
Physalis: Kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Kuti mupeze zokolola zapamwamba komanso zolemera, ndikofunikira kupanga kubzala koyenera ndikuwasamalira mosamala ku tchire lonse nyengo.
Zinyama zobisika zitha kubzalidwe m'njira zingapo: ndi mbeu, kudzera mu ma nthangala ndi mbande. Kunyumba m'mundamo, njira yodzala pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, mbande sizinakulidwe kwenikweni. Muyenera kubzala mbewu kasupe pambuyo pa masiku ofunda ndikuwotcha nthaka.
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu kuti mubzale
Kuti mubzale nthangala pamalo oyamba, muyenera kukonzekera njira yapadera yamchere, yomwe muyenera kuyilimbitsa kwakanthawi kochepa.
Mbewu zopanda kanthu komanso zowonongeka zosayenera kubzala zimatuluka, ndipo mbewu zapamwamba zimatsalira pansi. Pambuyo pa saline, njere zimayenera kutsukidwa m'madzi oyera ndi sieve.
Zofunika! Pakuteteza mbeu, makonzedwe apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito - fungicides. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wowerengeka - yankho la potaziyamu permanganate.
Kusankhidwa kwa masamba ndi kukonzekera kufesa
Sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale ma geralis m'malo omwe zikhalidwe zakale zinali zachikulire. Tsambalo likuyenera kukhala pamalo lotseguka dzuwa, pomwe pamakhala mpweya wabwino.
Dothi liyenera kukhala lachonde komanso lotayirira. Mukakonza dzinthu kuti mubzale, ndikofunikira kupanga feteleza munthawi ya kompositi kapena humus, peat ndi sod land komanso mchenga wina wamtsinje.
Mtunda pakati pa mizere pamabedi uzikhala wotalika masentimita 50-70 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake (kutengera mitundu). Mbeu iliyonse imabzalidwa mozama osachepera masentimita awiri. Kuwaza ndi dothi pang'ono, pang'ono pang'onopang'ono ndi kanjedza. Mapeto ake, kuthirira kumachitika ndi madzi ofewa, osakhazikika.
Zokolola zimatengera chisamaliro choyenera
Samalirani kubzala masamba a masamba
Kuti mudziwe momwe mungakulire bwino masamba osasamba, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo osamalira ena a nightshade, monga phwetekere.
Onse olima akuganiza zodzala zitsamba azitsamba, chifukwa tomato amafuna njirayi. Komabe, chikhalidwe ichi sichimafunikira kudina. Ndikothekera kokha mu nthawi yophukira kuti apange mapangidwe apamwamba a chomera pang'onopang'ono kuti mphamvu za mbewu zisamere, koma kuti zipse zipatso.
Chikhalidwe sichikufuna kuthirira, chinthu chachikulu ndikuthirira chitsamba pamene dothi lakumera lifota. Palibe chifukwa sayenera kuloleza kuyanika kwa dziko lapansi ndi chinyezi mmenemo. Madzi othirira sayenera kuzizira komanso kulimba, mvula kapena madzi amtsinje ndioyenera.
Zofunika! Pambuyo kuthirira aliyense, ndikofunikira kuchita kumasula nthaka.
Fertilizer for physalis masamba
Mabasi amafunika kudyetsedwa masabata awiri aliwonse. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musinthe mavalidwe amamineral ndi organic top.
Mutha kupanga nokha feteleza wachilengedwe. Chinsinsi chake ndi chosavuta: sungunulani magalamu 200 a mullein mumtsuko wa madzi wamba.
Zopangira feteleza zitha kugulidwa m'masitolo apadera ngati kukonzekera kovuta kwa mbewu zazifupi.
Kututa
Kututa
Chipatso chokhacho chimagwera pansi ndipo pansi pa nyengo yabwino, chimatha kukhala m'malo opitirira sabata popanda kuwonongeka konse.
Kukolola kuyenera kuchitika zipatso zoyamba zikayamba kugwa. Pambuyo pa chopereka choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kubwereza njirayi sabata iliyonse. Ndikofunika kukhwimitsa ndikuchotsa zipatso zonse isanayambe chisanu, chifukwa zipatso zomwe zatha kuzimiririka zitha kuwonongeka ndipo sizisungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
Zofunika! Ndikwabwino kusankha zipatso munyengo youma komanso yowoneka bwino; zisungidwa nthawi yayitali m'malo oterowo.
Physalis: Kukula ndi kusamalira ku Urals
Tekinoloje yaulimi imasiyana pang'ono kukula m'madera ena, chifukwa mmera sukulira chisanu ndi matenda.
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikubzala mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito mbande, fanizo ndi tomato. Mbewu zofesedwa mumiphika kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, mbande ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza ndikuthilira madzi nthawi zonse.
Asanabzala m'mundamo, pasanathe sabata, bokosi lomwe lili ndi mbande limatulutsidwa kunja kwa maola angapo, kuti mbande zizolowere nyengo.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira physalis mu greenhouse
Pa wowonjezera kutentha wopangidwa ndi polycarbonate, galasi kapena polyethylene, physalis imabzalidwa ndi mbande zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa kale kunyumba.
Masamba 5-7 akamamera pambewu iliyonse, mbande zingabzalidwe munyengo yobzala.
Zitsime za mbande sizikhala zakuya kupitirira masentimita 8, aliyense ayenera kuthiriridwa asanadzalidwe mbande. Dothi losakanizika ndi humus ndi mchenga wamtsinje liyenera kukhala lotayidwa nthawi zonse.
Kudyetsa kumachitika kamodzi pa masabata awiri, kusinthana feteleza ndi michere ya michere.
Zofunika! Chofunikira mukamakula mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kupuma pang'ono.
Momwe mungapangire physalis mu wowonjezera kutentha
Chomera chikuuzani momwe mungapangire physalis mu greenhouse. Atangowoneka mphukira zowonjezera zopanda zipatso, amachotsedwa.
Kuti muwonjezere zokolola, theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, amatsina zigawo kumtunda kwa mphukira.
Matenda a Physalis
Matenda a thupi amalimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo tina osiyanasiyana. Amatha kudwala kokha ndikusamalidwa bwino komanso nyengo yovuta komanso malo. Matenda akuluakulu a physalis, omwe amawonongera kwambiri thanzi la chitsamba mpaka kuwonongeka kwake ndi awa: amitundu, mwendo wakuda komanso woluma.
Matenda a Physalis mu wowonjezera kutentha
Mukakulitsa mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha, imatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi mwendo wakuda.
Zomwe zimawonekera ndi mpweya wonyowa kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino.
Kuti mumvetsetse ngati chitsamba chili ndi mwendo wakuda, muyenera kuyang'ana pansi paziphuphu. Ndi matendawo, mawanga amdima ndi kuderako kumawonekera pamenepo.
Matenda a masamba
Matendawa amatuluka, nthawi zambiri, amakhudza masamba a chikhalidwe. Amatha kutembenuka chikasu kenako ndikuyamba kugwa. Nthawi zina mawanga osamveka ndi ziphuphu zimawonekera pamwamba pawo.
Matenda a Mose
Monga phwetekere, physalis amatha kudwala mochedwa komanso fusariosis. Ndikaphulika mochedwa, masamba amapenti amapaka m'malo amdima akuda, ndiye kuti amawuma ndi kufa nthawi yomweyo. Matendawa ndi owopsa chifukwa nthawi yothirira komanso mvula mavairasi omwe amayambitsa matendawa amatha kulowa m'munsi mwa tsinde ndi mizu yachikhalidwe ndikukula pamenepo.
Matenda enanso a fungus, fusarium, amapezekanso pamasamba a chitsamba. Kuwononga mizu, nthendayi imalowa m'mitengo ndikufikira masamba, omwe amasintha chikasu, bulauni, kupindika ndi youma.
Zofunika! Ngati zikhalidwe zina zoyandikana nazo zimamera m'deralo ndi madokotala, ndiye kuti kudwala kumawonjezeka nthawi zina. Musanabzala, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi mbewu ziti zomwe ndizizungulire zokha komanso ndizovomerezeka kwanthawi yomwe sizivomerezeka.
Ziphuphu zachikasu pamasamba
Maonekedwe a zikasu zachikasu pamasamba a physalis akuwonetsa kuonekera kwa matenda atuwa. Kuwala, nthawi zina pafupifupi koyera, mawanga amayamba kuwoneka pamasamba ndi zipatso. Zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake.
Pamwambapa masamba ayamba kuphimbidwa ndi mawanga, omwe amadetsa masamba ndikusintha masamba awo. Kukula kwa chikhalidwe kumachepera, masamba ayamba kufota ndikusanduka chikasu, zipatso sizingakhale zipse.
Malangizo ndi malangizo othandizira kuti muteteze tizilombo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Kuchiza panthawi yake kumatha kupulumutsa zitsamba ndi mbewu. Kuti muthane ndi matenda, mutha kugula kukonzekera kwapadera kwa mafangayi m'masitolo kapena kuwakonzekeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka.
Matimu achigiriki amalephera
Koma ndibwino kusamalira thanzi la chikhalidwe chathu musanachite zinthu mosamala:
- musanabzale mbewu, ndikofunikira kuti muthane ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Bzalani mbewu kutali ndi nightshade osati pamalo pomwe mbewu za banja ili zimamera;
- mutatha kugwira ntchito m'munda ndi m'munda, tengani mankhwala othandizira kuti asayambitse matenda;
- samalani kuti muwonetsetse kutchire moyenerera nthawi yonseyo.
Chikhalidwe chosadziwika bwino chingakhale ngati chomera chokongoletsera, komanso zipatso, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zipatso zokoma za mitundu ya physalis mabulosi ndizoyenerera bwino kupanga jams ndi jams, mitundu yamasamba a pickles ndi kukonzekera kwina nthawi yachisanu. Kuphatikiza apo, amathanso kudyedwa mwatsopano.
