Mitundu ya mphesa ya Sense pamlingo wina imayankha dzina lake: kukhala ndi mawonekedwe oyamba ndi zipatso zosiririka bwino, zimafananizidwa bwino ndi zonse zomwe amagula komanso luso losavuta lazolimo. Chifukwa chokana chisanu, mitunduyo imapeza mafani pafupifupi onse mdziko lathu.
Nkhani yakukulitsa mphesa Surance
Mitundu yambiri ya mphesa imakhala ndi mbiri yosangalatsa kwambiri. Si onse omwe adabadwira m'manja mwa asayansi azaulimi, ambiri adapereka chiphaso ku moyo wa amateur vinyo omwe samapanga maphunziro apadera. Watsopano watsopano, koma wotchuka kale wa mphesa wa Sension udawerengedwa zaka zoposa khumi zapitazo mu Rostov Region ndi Vasily Ulyanovich Kapelyushny wodziwika bwino wa mphesa ku Russia. Uwu ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umapezeka podutsa mitundu ya Talisman ndi Rizamat. Chifukwa chake, "makolo" a wosakanizidwa ali ofanana ndi m'bale uJulian. Malingaliro ndi a mitundu yoyambirira mwapang'onopang'ono pankhani ya kucha, ndimathamanga ndipo kuyambira pakuwonekera kuyambira koyambira kwa zipatso zamtchire. Ndi yoyenera kulimidwa m'malo osiyanasiyana nyengo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mwatsopano.
Masiku ano, mitundu yayikulu ya zipatso za mphesa zosakanikirana ndi matenda komanso kuzizira kwambiri kwa chisanu zimawonekera chaka chilichonse. Koma zoterezi sizinakhaleko zakale kwambiri, ndipo ndikuwonetsa zaka khumi zapitazo Surance, W. W. Kapelyushny adati: "Uku ndikusintha kwamphamvu yanga."
V. U. Kapelyushny mwaukadaulo wake wapadera sanali katswiri wazomera, koma mainjiniya. Anagwira ntchito yomanga njanji, kenako - mwa ntchito - m'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana a Rostov, kuphatikiza Rostelmash. Koma kale kuchokera ku 1960s adagwira ntchito yolima mphesa m'munda mwake. Pakutha kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, adayamba kuchita chidwi ndi zamtokoma kwambiri kotero adatchuka m'mabwalo oyenera osati kwa amateurs okha, komanso akatswiri. Pambuyo pake adakhala wophatikiza vinyo chakumayambiriro kwa 90s, pomwe minda yamphesa yamasamba 300 ya mphesa idayikidwa kutchire la Aksaysky, koma adakana mwachangu mitundu yavinyo ndikuyamba kuthana ndi canteens okha. V.U. Kapelyushny adachita zoyesa zoyambirira zaka za m'ma 1990 pamodzi ndi wasayansi wotchuka I.A. Kostrikin. Chifukwa chake adawonekera kuwerengera kwa Monte Cristo, Crimson, Melina ... Akazi, mwana wamkazi, mdzukulu wamwamuna anali othandizira pa bizinesi yoswana.
Zachidziwikire, sikuti mitundu yonse yomwe idapita "motsatana", koma yomwe yatchuka ndi yapadera kwambiri. Chisoni chilinso pamndandandawu - mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri, yolimba komanso yolimba, yokhala ndi zipatso zokoma kwambiri komanso chisanu kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zabwino kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino.
Kanema: V.U. Kapelyushny za mphesa zake
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Tchire la Sension ndi lalikulu, lamphamvu, ndipo limakula msanga: nthawi yotentha, mphukira zimakula kukula ndi 100-200%, pomwe zimatha kucha pafupifupi kutalika konse: mphukira zazing'ono ziyenera kufupikitsidwa nthawi yophukira yophukira osaposa 30%. Mphukira zambiri ndikupanga zipatso. Kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri: Mitengo yonse yosatha ndi mphukira za chaka chatha zitha kupirira kutentha mpaka -24 zaC. Pakadali pano, chizindikirochi chimadziwika ngati mulingo wambiri wa chisanu. Kummwera sikutanthauza kuti pakhale nyengo yachisanu, pakati komanso dera lakumpoto ndikoyenera kuti pogona pokhazikika.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa pang'ono ndi matenda akuluakulu a mphesa: mildew, oidium ndi imvi zowola. Nthawi yomweyo, kulumikizana kophatikizana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda kumangowerengedwa ndi 2,5%. Kufalikira kwa njira zonse zamphesa. Wodziwika kwambiri muulimi (mizu ya lignified cuttings) ndikumalumikiza pa tchire lokhala ndi mitundu ina.
Pa chitsamba chimodzi mutha kusiya maso pafupifupi 45. Maluwa a Sense amakhala amitundu iwiri, ndiye kuti, amakhala ndi ma pistili ndi ma stamens; ma tchire ena safunikira kuti abzalidwe kuti mungu udutse. Mtundu wa masango umakhala wotakasuka kapena wapakatikati, mawonekedwe ake ndi ofanana kapena amasintha kuchokera ku cylindrical kupita ku conical, kukula kwawo ndi kwakukulu. Kulemera kwakukulu kumafika kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, ndipo nthawi zambiri zochulukirapo. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kuphuka kwake isanakwane: zimatenga miyezi 3-3,5 kuyambira pachiwonetsero chokula (ukufalikira kwa masamba oyamba) kufikira nthawi yakucha kwazipatso zonse, ndiye kuti, ngakhale m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia zipatso zoyambirira zimakhala zoyambirira kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti. Koma pankhani ya zokolola zapamwamba kwambiri, kucha kwa zipatso kumachedwa ndi masabata awiri.
Zokolola zamtunduwu ndizambiri, ndizokhazikika, koma zipatso nthawi zambiri zimamangidwa kwambiri kuposa chitsamba chitha kupirira, ndipo tikuyenera kutulutsa zokolola, ndikuchotsa ena mwa magulu. Ngati izi sizichitidwa, zipatso za zipatsozo ndi kukula kwake zimasokonekera kwambiri. Masamba pachitsamba amagwira mwamphamvu, osafuna kuchotsedwa mwachangu: osatulutsa nthawi yambiri sawononga konse; Kuphatikiza apo, chiwopsezo cha mavu, ma horneti ndi tizilombo tina touluka sichochepa. Mukasiyidwa tchire, zipatsozo sizivunda ndipo sizipuntha, sizimasweka ngakhale mvula ikakhala nthawi yayitali. Samataya mawonekedwe awo ogulika panthawi yoyenda mtunda wautali.
Zipatso za burashi sizisonkhanitsidwa mwamphamvu, koma chifukwa cha kukula kwake ndi kulemera burashi imawoneka yochititsa chidwi kwambiri
Zipatso za mtandawo ndizokulirapo, palibe mawonekedwe. Wachikhulupiriro amakhala ndi mtundu wofiira. Maonekedwe a zipatsozo ndiwotsika kwambiri, "ngati chala", kotero zitsanzo zina zimafikira kutalika kwa 55 mm ndi theka la makulidwe. Kulemera kwa mabulosiwa kumachokera pa 16 mpaka 30 g, pafupifupi - pafupifupi 20 g, koma kapangidwe kake ka zipatso zilizonse ndizofanana.
Mtundu wa zipatsozo umasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wakucha. Utoto woyamba ukatha kubiriwira watha kukhala wachikasu, kenako utoto wabwino, wokhala bwino.
Guwa ndi labwinobwino, lalikulu kwambiri. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumanenedwa kukhala kosangalatsa kwambiri komanso koyenera, kokoma, ndi zonunkhira zowoneka bwino, zopepuka za muscat. Peelyi ndi yamakulidwe apakatikati, siyimasokoneza kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso. Chifukwa chake, kuchokera pakuwona kwa ogula, mitunduyo imatha kudziwika ngati mphesa yoyambirira ya chala cha zipatso ndi zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zipatso za mphesa Suction zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa kucha, koma lembetsani bwino nthawi zonse
Makhalidwe a mphesa zosiyanasiyana
Kutengera kufotokozera kwa mphesa za Surance zomwe tidakumana, mutha kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za izi, pobweretsa zabwino ndi zovuta zake. Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwa zopindulitsa kudzakhala kwakukulu, koma palibe chilichonse padziko lapansi chomwe sichingwiro. Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazabwino zaubwino wa Sensation ndi:
- kukoma kwambiri kwa zipatso;
- mawonekedwe okongola;
- kulumikizana kwa zipatso zomwe zili mgulupo, ndiko kuti, kusapezeka kwa omwe amatchedwa "peeling": zipatso zazing'ono ndi zosafunikira;
- chitetezo chazaka zazitali, kuphatikiza pa ma bus;
- kusunthika kwa zokolola zambiri;
- kupsa koyambirira kwambiri;
- zokolola kwambiri;
- maluwa awiri okongola, osafuna kukhalapo kwa tchire loyandikana ndi mtundu wina wa mphesa, ngati pollinator;
- kukana zipatso kumvula yamvula yayitali komanso yayitali: kusowa kwa zipatso m'mikhalidwe yopanga chinyezi;
- kukana kwambiri chisanu, kulola zitsamba kuzizira pansi pobisalira pang'ono ngakhale kumpoto;
- mizu yabwino yodulidwa (mpaka 80%), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale kosavuta kufalitsa mphesa;
- kukana matenda akulu a mphesa.
Komabe, kukana kwambiri kwa wolemba matenda a fungus mpaka pano kwatsimikiziridwa pang'ono. Eni minda yambiri ya mphesa za Soney imavomereza kuti aliyense agwirizane ndi vuto la kufooka, koma pokana ma oidium ndi zowola imvi, komanso tizilombo ta matenda oopsa a m'munda wamphesawo - phylloxera - sanabwerebe pakugwirizana: titha kunena kuti funso ili magawo a maphunziro.
Pali zolakwika zochepa zodziwika za mitundu Yopereka (tisiyira ubale ndi phylloxera pakali pano).
Zoyipa za omwe amapanga vinyo ndi:
- kuwonongeka mu mtundu wa zipatso ngati zokolola zazikulu;
- Funso la nthawi yozizira silinayankhidwebe: pali malingaliro oti, pothana ndi kutentha komwe kumatanthauza kuzizira, tchire zowononga kwambiri chifukwa chakuzizira kwambiri.
Zowonadi, ziribe kanthu kuti izi ndi zodandaula bwanji za wopanga vinyoyo, gawo lalikulu la mphesa liyenera kudulidwa: osagwirizana ndi zokolola, zipatsozo ndizochepa, ndipo maburashi ndi aulesi komanso osagwira ntchito. Kuchotsa mabulashi kuyenera kuchitika posachedwa maluwa, chiwerengero chawo pach chitsamba chikuoneka bwino.
Ponena za chisanu, zinaonedwa kuti tchire losavundikira limakhalabe ndi moyo pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, koma akudwala kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo samapereka zokolola zambiri. Ngakhale kuletsa kutentha kochepa, tchire liyenera kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira pakati komanso madera akumpoto. Matalala akuthwa, chinyontho chimagwirizana ndi mtengo, womwe umakhudza chitsamba chonse.
Ngakhale pali zolakwika zomwe zatchulidwa, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti Sense ndi imodzi mwazipatso zodziwika bwino za mphesa zomwe zimabzalidwa m'nyumba zanyengo yachilimwe komanso pamsika wamafuta. Zosiyanasiyana sizikhala zopanda pake, zimatha kumera kumadera akum'mwera komanso kumadera ozizira komanso kotentha. Chidwicho chidapeza mafani ake ngakhale ku Siberia ndi Far East.
Mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukula
Potengera mfundo zodziwika bwino za kubzala komanso kukula, kubzala sikusiyana ndi mitundu yambiri ya mphesa. Zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufunika koletsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi katundu wambiri pakukolola kwawo. Mitundu imafalikira bwino ndikudula (mizu yake ili pafupi 80%), koma amathanso kumalumikizidwa kumtundu wina. Ngakhale chitsamba chimadziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu yakukula, akatswiri samanenetsa kuti mtunda wopita ku tchire loyandikana ndiwokulirapo, ndipo mutha kupitiliza mkati mwa 1.5-2 mita. Izi zimapangitsa kuti Sensation ikhale yokongola kwambiri ngakhale kwa eni nyumba zazing'ono. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu ndi izi ndi kudzala kwina kwamtunduwu. Chifukwa chake, pazosowa zanu zakuthupi, mutha kubzala chitsamba chimodzi chokha cha Sensation ndipo musaganizirenso za mpesa.
Kubweretsa zipatso zoyamba kucha kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti, Kubwezerani kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muwasunge nthawi yayitali kuthengo, ndipo kukolola kwakukulu kwa mitundu kumapangitsa banja la Russia kukhala ndi zipatso zokoma komanso zokongola kwa miyezi itatu.
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kubzala mu nyengo iliyonse, kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino zakubadwa mu Surance, ndikofunikira kupatsa tchire kuthekera kwa kuwonekera kwambiri kwa dzuwa. Ili pakati pa madera owala kwambiri omwe amapezekapo omwe muyenera kusankha malo. Njira yodzala mphesa imafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane muzambiri ndi mabuku, chifukwa chake timangokhala pazinthu zazikulu.
Monga mphesa zilizonse, Seding imakula bwino pamadothi a chernozem, koma mitundu ina iliyonse ndi yoyenera, yokha ndiyofunika kukonzekera. Onjezani laimu ku dothi lamachulukidwe ambiri, mchenga ku dothi louma, humus yochulukirapo, phulusa lamatabwa, feteleza wina wa michere kunthaka iliyonse, ndikukumba chilichonse. Izi ndi zamalo omwe azungulira chitsamba cham'tsogolo, pafupifupi mamita awiri mbali iliyonse. Ndipo pokhapokha kukumba bowo.
Kudzala dzenje kukumba ngati mitengo yazipatso, koma kuudzaza chifukwa chobzala mphesa ndizachilendo: kuthira pansi kumafunika
Tsiku lobzala labwino kwambiri ndi theka lachiwiri la Epulo, koma kumwera mutha kudzala mu Okutobala. Chifukwa chake, m'madera ambiri, dzimbalo liyenera kukumbidwa yophukira yambayi, ndipo kumwera kwa chilimwe, miyezi 1-2 mphesa zisanabzalidwe. Kukula kwa dzenje la Selling kuli muyezo, kuchokera 80 cm pamitundu yonse. Pa dothi la dongo lomwe lili mu dzenje liyenera kuyikamo ngalande, zopangidwa ndi njerwa zosweka kapena masentimita khumi ndi theka. M'madera ouma kwambiri, chitoliro cholimba chikuyenera kudulira pansi kuthirira chitsamba m'zaka zitatu zoyambirira za moyo wake. Mphesa zibzalidwe kwambiri, koma dothi loyera lopanda feteleza. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dothi lothira manyowa liyenera kuthiridwa ndikuyankhira dothi: limakonzedwa kuchokera ku dothi lachonde, ndikusakaniza ndi humus, phulusa ndi ma feteleza ovuta a mchere. Kenako imayika mbewuzo m dzenjemo ndikuiphimba ndi dothi loyera, ndikusiya masamba awiri okha pamtunda. Mukapopera dothi komanso kuthirira bwino, bowo liyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi chilichonse chotayirira.
Kusamalira tchire chachikulire kumakhala ndi kuthirira, kuvala mwa apo ndi apo, kudulira maluso mwaluso komanso malo ogona nthawi yozizira. Kuthirira Sensations amafunika okwanira, koma osati pafupipafupi, makamaka mphesa zimafunikira madzi pakukula kwa mabulosi ambiri, ndipo masabata awiri 2-3 tisanakolole, kuthirira kumatsutsana. Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayenera kuchitika panthawi yake komanso popanda kutentheka kwambiri: feteleza wa nayitrogeni sayenera kuzunzidwa makamaka, ndibwino kupatsa mphesa za nayitrogeni m'njira ya organic, mwa kukumba koyambirira kwamapeto kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira 1-2 tchire la kompositi kapena manyowa osachedwa kuwonongeka. Ndipo mutha kuwonjezera phulusa lamatabwa ambiri pansi pa zitsamba, iyi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri, makamaka, feteleza zachilengedwe.
Mphamvuyo imalengezedwa kuti imalephera kugwidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus, koma kupopera mankhwala mwa apo ndi apo kuchokera ku mphutsi, oidium ndi kuwola imvi sikungakane. Ndiwodalirika kwambiri kuthira mipesa mwachangu ndi sodium sulfate mukangotsegula tchire kuchokera ku hibernation, komanso ndi zovuta zazing'ono zovuta pakukula, Bordeaux madzi.
"Zojambula zolemera" momwe amapangira mankhwala opangira mankhwala azigwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati tikufuna kugulitsa zipatso.
Kunena za kudulira, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mphesa zamtundu uliwonse mtundu wake ndi wokwanira. Kudulira koyambirira kwa masika kuyenera kukhala kwodzikongoletsera, ndikuchotsa youma komanso mwachidziwikire mphukira. Ntchito yayikulu pakupanga chitsamba imachitika mchilimwe ndipo imaphulika mphukira zowonjezerazo, zikadali zazing'ono kwambiri komanso zobiriwira. Pankhaniyi, zimakhala zosavuta kuthana ndi chitsamba chifukwa cha kugwa, musanakhazikitse mipesa nyengo yachisanu. Kudulira kwa masamba ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mphukira zimafupikitsidwa, kudula malo osapsa, komanso zidutswa, pamtundu uliwonse wa kukula kwake. Pa tchire la Sension, kufupikitsa kumachitika pamlingo wa masamba a 6-8, koma pamabowo angapo mungangosiya zidutswa zitatu zokha. Fomu yovomerezeka yamphesa yamitundu iyi ndi fan.
Munda wamphesa weniweni umakonzedwa bwino: kulimba kwa trellis, mabwalo okuthirira, zitsamba zodulidwa bwino
Ukadulira m'dzinja, mipesa imachotsedwa mu trellis ndikufundidwa ndi zida zowoneka bwino, spruce kapena pine lapnik: imatetezanso mbewa. M'pofunika kumasula tchire kuthengo kumapeto, pafupifupi kumapeto kwa March, ndi isanayambike masiku abwino.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
Palibepo ndemanga zambiri zokhudzana ndi Chigawo. Mwa iwo, opanga vinyo amawona kufanana kwa Sensations ndi mitundu ya Julius, komanso Kusintha kosiyanasiyana kuchokera pakupanga V. N. Krainov. M'maforamu ambiri, ulusi wopatula womwe udaperekedwa ku Sensation sunapezekebe. Komabe, mitundu ingalimbikitsidwe kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mafakitale komanso yazanyumba zam'chilimwe.
Chiyeso changa chinabzalidwa pamalo okhazikika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015. Nyengo yathayi, kusindikiza sikunandisangalatse. Ndi mu Seputembala pomwe adaponya inflorescence yaying'ono mu stepson yachiwiri. Chifukwa chake chaka chino ndi zipatso zoyambirira. Unaphuka mu kasupe mu umodzi woyamba patsamba langa - Bazhen woyamba pa 16 June, kumbuyo kwake Sension. Kutulutsa masango a 20. Panali ma inflorescence awiri pa mphukira zina. Pea anali wofanana. Pang'ono pang'ono.Kenako adachotsa masango ena anayi. Palibenso dzanja lokweza! Ndipo mwina pachabe. Tsopano ndili ndi mantha momwe nthawi yozizira imakhalira, kaya nthawi yokolola itulutsa chaka chamawa. Ngakhale mphukira zacha nthawi yayitali komanso pafupifupi mpaka kumapeto. Yayamba kujambulidwa pa Ogasiti 9th. Kunali kotentha. Shaded. Kutentha kwausiku mu theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti, zipatsozo zinayamba kutengeka kwambiri ndi utoto. Sindinkaganiza kuti mphesa zimatha kusintha mwachangu - zipatsozo zinangokhala kukongola kodabwitsa! Poyamba zinali zapinki, kenako mtundu wa pinki unadzala. Mvula kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala siyinakhudze Chiwongola dzanja, palibe mabulosi amodzi omwe adasweka.
Nina//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=711.0#lastPost
Malinga ndi zisonyezo zingapo, Surance ili pafupi kwambiri ndi katatu wa V.N. Inde, mavu samalabadira kwenikweni. Mtundu wa mabulosi ndiwosiyana pang'ono, ukuoneka ngati wowonekera kwambiri kwa ine. Malinga ndi nthawi yakucha pachitsamba cha ku / s, imacha pang'ono kupitirira katatu, komabe imakhalabe yabwinoko.
Mikhno Alexander//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=238.0
Mapeto tsopano yakula. Amatha katemera ku Dobrynya. Pa RR 101-14, pa Andros ndi Vierul, adakana katemera ndi kugwa kapena chaka chamawa. Tiyenera kuyesa muzu wachikhalidwe. Kwacha kale kuposa Kusandulika.
Eliseevs//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=1337592
Pofika nthawi yathu, 08/12/09 kupita ku Vasily Ulyanovich g.f. Zomverera zinali zitakonzeka kale, shuga anali wabwino, mnofu wake unali wowuma, kukoma kwake kunali koyenera. Ndinkakonda fomu iyi ndipo ndilandira pa mwayi woyamba. Sindikulengeza za gf iyi, ndikungokuuzani zomwe ndidawona ndikuyesera!
Antipov Vitaliy//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1593
Mitundu ya mphesa ya Surance, yomwe idapangidwa zaka pafupifupi khumi zapitazo, idakali chinsinsi: chifukwa cha zabwino zake zonse ndi zoperewera zochepa, akatswiri ambiri amapereka malangizo oyenera oti azigwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya anthu oyamba chilimwe. Koma, poganizira mawonekedwe a mitundu ndi zokambirana za akatswiri, mukukhulupirira kuti iyi ndi tebulo labwino kwambiri komanso kukhwima koyambirira.
