Peyala - imodzi mwa mitengo yambiri ya zipatso mu madera akumidzi. Kawirikawiri wamaluwa amawoneka mwadzidzidzi, akuwombera masamba ake, omwe amatsogolera ku imfa ya mtengo. Chifukwa cha matenda ndi zifukwa zina zoterezi zimawoneka, tidzamvetsa nkhaniyi.
Bakiteriya amatenthe
Kutentha kwa bakiteriya kumatengedwa kuti ndi owopsa kwambiri komanso odwala nthawi zambiri. Vuto ndilokuti matendawa samaima pa nthawi imodzi, ndikuwombera zomera zonse zozungulira.
Zifukwa ndi zizindikiro za matendawa
Wothandizira matenda othetsera matendawa ndi gulu la enterobacteria (mwachitsanzo, salmonella). Malo okhudzidwawo a zomera, pamene matendawa akupita, sungani mankhwala ena achikasu, omwe ali ndi kuthetsa kwathunthu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimafalitsidwa ku mitengo yabwino ndi izi:
- tizilombo (mungu wowawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) ndi mbalame zikuyenda kuchokera mumtengo kupita ku mtengo, tizilombo ndi mbalame pamilingo ndi mapiko awo zimanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- mvula kawirikawiri, ntchentche - zimadziwika kuti nyengo yamvula ndi malo abwino kuti abereke ndi kubalitsa mabakiteriya;
- nthaka yodzaza ndi nayitrogeni ndi organic matter.
Phunzirani zambiri za zizindikiro ndi chithandizo cha kutentha kwa bakiteriya.
Zizindikiro za matenda ogonjetsedwa:
- Ma petals of inflorescences amauluka ndi kuwuluka, pedicel amasintha mtundu wake choyamba kubiriwira, ndiyeno mtundu wa amber kuwala;
- monga impso zimakhudzidwa, sizikugwa, koma zimadetsedwa ndi kutaya ntchito zawo;
- Masamba samayenda mozungulira, koma amawombera ndi rosettes lonse;
- nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakhalanso ndi mdima wakuda;
- Powonongeka kudzera mu ming'alu, makaluluwa amathyola thunthu, khungwa limauma, limatembenuza bulauni ndi kumapanga malo ofa. Ndi necrosis yotereyi, kutuluka kwa mankhwala amadzimadzi amadziwika.
Mukudziwa? Oyendetsa sitima ku Girisi wakale anamenyana ndi chithandizo cha mapeyala ndi matenda oyenda.
Chochita
Nthawizonse zimakhala zosavuta kuti tipewe kusiyana ndi kuchiza, kotero choyamba tidzakambirana za njira zomwe zingathandize kupewa bakiteriya kutentha. Kotero izo kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, muyenera kukumbukira ndikuganizira zotsatirazi:
- Kupalira (namsongole akhoza kutenga kachilomboka);
- Mitengo ndi njira zomwe zili m'mundawu, ndizofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zowonongeka zokha;
- Mitengo ya zipatso zakutchire yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo iyenera kuchotsedwa;
- Musanyalanyaze mankhwala ochiritsira a tizilombo nthaŵi zonse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Njira zolimbanirana ndi matenda omwe alipo kale:
- streptomycin;
- tetracycline;
- "Fitosporin";
- ofloxacin.
Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera malinga ndi malangizo, muyenera kufalitsa malo onse okhudzidwa: inflorescences, masamba, mphukira ndi tsinde la mbewu. Dzani njirayi mumtambo, nyengo yopanda mphepo.
Chithandizo chothandiza ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa wa sulfate ndi mandimu. Tiyenera kuzindikira apa kuti miyezo yapamwamba ikhoza kuyambitsa masamba oyaka masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati, mankhwala osokoneza bongo samayambitsa machiritso, mtengo wodwalayo uyenera kuchotsedwa ndi kutayidwa. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwezi zimatetezedwa ndi acidin kapena carbolic asidi.
Video: Kuchiza kwa bakiteriya kutentha kwa peyala
Peyala nkhanambo
Nkhumba - matenda opatsirana, omwe amachititsa kuti nyengo ikhale yozizira, masamba osweka. Kufalikira kwa matendawa kumadalira nyengo.
Mukudziwa? A Chinese amakhulupirira motsimikiza kuti abwenzi kapena okonda sangathe kugawana peyala imodzi, mwinamwake zidzatsogolera kukangana ndi kulekana.
Bwanji ndi momwe zimawonetseredwa
Choyambitsa matendawa ndi bowa zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'malo ozizira. Ndizodabwitsa kuti bowa amatha kupezeka pouma, nyengo yozizira pamaso pa mame ambiri.
Zizindikiro za matenda zimasonyeza Mdima wakuda ndi maluwa otenthamonga madontho a mildew. Pamene matendawa akukula, masambawo akutembenuka wakuda, matendawa amawonongedwa, zomwe zimayambitsa masamba ogwa. M'tsogolomu, nkhanambo imakhudza nthambizo, kuziphimba ndi mthunzi wakuda, wofiira ndi mthunzi. Popanda chithandizo chokwanira, zipatso zimakhudzidwa chifukwa chokhala ndi madontho wakuda. 
Mmene mungachitire
Poyamba zizindikiro, mankhwala othandiza akupopera Bordeaux madzi. Chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali ya mankhwala (masiku 14), chithandizo chimaperekedwa kasanu ndi kawiri pa nyengo. Njira yoyamba ikuchitika musanayambe mphukira.
Phunzirani momwe mungachotsere nkhanambo pa peyala.
Kukonzekera kwachitidwe:
- "Horus";
- "Strobe";
- "Bwerani."
Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuyambira masiku 20 mpaka 35, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kawiri pa nyengo, mankhwalawa sagwedezeka ndi mvula.
Video: kukonza mapeyala ndi maapulo ku nkhanambo fungicidal kukonzekera
Kuphatikizana ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala, kupaka foliar kumachitika ndi chimodzi mwa zoterezi feteleza:
- ammonium nitrate (10% ndondomeko);
- ammonium sulfate (10%);
- potaziyamu chloride (kuyambira 3 mpaka 10% ndondomeko);
- potaziyamu sulphate (3-10%);
- potaziyamu nitrate (5-15%);
- potaziyamu mchere (5-10%).
Njira zothandizira:
- kudulira nthawi yake (wandiweyani korona - yabwino sing'anga kwa bowa);
- kuyeretsa kwa mtengo pafupi ndi masamba ndi namsongole;
- pa nyengo yokula ndikulimbikitsidwa kusunga bwalo lapafupi pafupi ndi nthunzi yakuda;
- kumapeto kwa nyengo, amatha kupopera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito "Agat" kukonzekera kapena wothandizira.
Ŵerenganiponso za chithandizo cha peyala ndi dzimbiri.
Kusasowa kwa zinthu ndi kuzizira kwa masamba
Masamba a peyala osakanizidwa akhoza kuthandizidwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mchere. 
Zomwe zimachitikira zomera ndi kusowa kwa zinthu
Taganizirani zambiri:
- potaziyamu. Mphepete mwa masambawo amayamba kuumitsa, kupanga mtundu wa mzere wonyezimira, mbaleyoyo imakwera, kusintha mawonekedwe. Chidziwitso chosadziwika bwino cha mchere m'magulu apansi, akulu;
- chitsulo. Kukula kwa masamba kumachepetsanso, chlorosis imawoneka, osati masamba okha, komanso nsonga za mphukira zimauma. Mtengo umayamba kusiya masamba, kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumachepa, khalidwe lake limachepa. Mphukira yazing'ono ya chaka chino ikuvutika kwambiri;
- zinki. Kuperewera kwa mchere kumayambitsa kuyanika ndi kumdima kwa masamba. Panthawi ya fruiting, chipatsocho chimakhala chosasunthika, khungu lake limasintha kayendedwe kawo, kumakhala ndi malo ozizira komanso malo amdima. Masamba ndi nthambi ndizopunduka;
- calcium. Mafuta ndi kusowa kwa kashiamu amayamba kutentha, ataphimbidwa ndi mdima wandiweyani. Kukoma kwa zipatso kumafalikira, pansi pa khungu, zamkati zimakhudzidwa ndi kupenya, salifu moyo wa zipatso umachepa;
- phosphorus. Mapepala a mapepala amasintha mawonekedwe, kukoka m'litali, amamdima. Mphukira yaing'ono imasiya kukula, yopunduka. Masamba pa akale amawombera ntchentche;
- mkuwa. Kuperewera kwa chinthu ichi m'nthaka ndi chosowa kwambiri, makamaka pa nthaka ya peat, nthawi zambiri - pa dothi la mchenga ndi sod. Pali kusowa kwa mdima ndi kupotoza kwa masamba, kuyanika kwa mphukira zazing'ono ndi zamtunda.
Peyala Leaf Tizilombo
Blackening ndi kugwa kwa masamba akhoza chifukwa parasitic tizilombo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ana awo amadyetsa chomera ndi minofu.
Medianitsa
Kusiyanitsa mitundu itatu ya tizilombo: amapepala, ofiira ndi achikasu. Nthawi zambiri anthu akuluakulu ozizira pa mtengo, kuswana mu kasupe. Tizilombo timayika mazira pa makungwa a mphukira, ndipo kenako - pamphuno ndi masamba. 
Njira yoyamba ya chiwonongeko ikuchitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene masana kutentha kuli pamwamba pa zero, makamaka pa dzuwa, tsiku lopanda mphepo. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa:
- Aktara;
- "Sherpa";
- "Fastak".
Njira yoyamba iwonongera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimachitika kale ndipo nthawi yomweyo maluwa akupha mphutsi. Pamene kupopera mankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, "Dimilin".
Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta mapeyala: masamba a masamba, ndulu ya mite.
Peyala gall mite
Tizilombo ta arachnid timatchera pansi pa khungwa, ndipo m'nyengo yachisanu, akazi amaika mazira pa impso. Onse akuluakulu ndi ana awo amadyetsa kusweka kwa maselo a mtengo. Tizilombo tingathe kuwononga munda wonsewo, chifukwa sumafuna mbewu zina, ndipo kufalikira kwake kumathandizidwa ndi mphepo ndi tizilombo timene timayambitsa nyongolotsi, mbalame. Tiyenera kudziwika kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - mpaka 3 mm m'litali. 
M'chaka, m'pofunikira kuchiza mankhwala amtundu wa acaricidal, popeza tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingawathandize. Ikani mankhwala awa:
- "Decis" (2%) kapena "Inta-Vir" isanayambike mphukira;
- Keltan (20%) kapena Karbofos (10%) pa nthawi ya masamba;
- colloidal sulfure kapena "Fufanon" (0.1%) mutatha maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Yankho lirikonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo a kukonzekera, ngati kuli koyenera, kupopera mbewu kumaphatikiza mobwerezabwereza pakapita masiku khumi.
Aphid
Mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda imeneyi ndi yachonde kwambiri, imapanga mtengo wokhala ndi zigawo zonse. Vuto la kulamulira kwa tizilombo likuwonjezeka chifukwa chakuti mwakumwa timadziti, zimachokera ku zinyama zomwe zimakhudza nkhungu. Kuphatikiza apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kuuluka ku mitengo ina, kuwapwetekanso. Mitundu yowonjezereka ndi yobiriwira, yofiirira ndi yofiira nsabwe za m'masamba. 
Mungathe kumenyana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi njira zosiyana siyana:
- Celandine kulowetsedwa: 3-4 makilogalamu atsopano kapena 1 makilogalamu a zouma zofiira zimatsanuliridwa ndi ndowa imodzi ya madzi, yokutidwa ndi chivindikiro ndi kuikidwa m'malo otentha kwa maola 36;
- Dandelion kulowetsedwa: 400 magalamu a mizu (kapena 600 magalamu a masamba) anaphatikiza maola atatu mu malita 10 a madzi;
- anyezi kulowetsedwa: 200 magalamu a anyezi peel amathiridwa ndi 10 malita a madzi ndipo anaphatikiza kwa 12-15 maola;
- Sopo yothetsera: 300 magalamu a sopo ochapa zovala 10 malita a madzi.
Video: Kukonza mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera ku aphid ndi madzi ammonia
Mankhwala:
- "Kinmiks" - kumayambiriro kwa masika;
- "Agravertine" - mu nthawi ya kutupa kwa impso;
- "Ikani" - mutatha maluwa.
Zolakwika zosamalira
Waukulu kulakwitsa novice wamaluwa - mkulu chinyezi. Pamene phokosolo liri lakuda kwambiri, kuwala kwa dzuwa sikuloŵerera mkati. Madzi otsalira pambuyo pa mvula ndi malo abwino oti abweretse bowa ndi matenda ena, mthunzi ndi wabwino kwa madera a tizirombo. Choncho, mitengo yokongoletsa ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti tikhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Kuthirira ndi koyenera ndithu, koma kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kumapangitsa kuchulukitsa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, kumakopa tizilombo, kumawonjezera chiopsezo chovunda cha mizu. Madzi pokhapokha ngati mukufunikira ndikupereka mlingo wa madzi. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri imamasulidwa potsegula nthaka ndi mpweya.
Zoonadi kutero Muyenera kuyesa bwalo la thunthu ndi malo oyandikana ndi namsongoleChoyamba, iwo amakula kwambiri, kachiwiri amapanga chinyezi chowonjezeka; kachiwiri, gawo la zakudya zimachotsedwa pa peyala, kufooketsa chitetezo chake. 
Pamaso pa wintering ayenera kukhala mosamala yeretsani malo a masamba osweka ndi nthambi zazing'ono. Masamba omwe amapezeka - malo omwe amakonda kwambiri bowa ndi wintering.
Kupewa peyala ndi chithandizo: ochita munda wamaluwa
Matenda ndi tizirombo ndi gawo losasangalatsa la kulima peyala. M'kupita kwa nthawi, njira zothandizira kupewa komanso kusamalira bwino zolima, zidzatulutsa fruiting ndi moyo wa mtengo.
