Peti la kanjedza ndi mtengo osatha pomwe zipatso zokoma - zipatso zimakula. Zomera zimagawidwa makamaka ku Asia ndi Africa. M'mayiko a ku Europe, monga lamulo, mitundu yokongoletsera yazomera imakulidwa. The Phoenix kanjedza watchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakukula kuchokera mwala komanso chisamaliro chosamalidwa.
Mbiri yakale ya mtengo
Ofufuza zakale apeza kuti madeti adakula ku Egypt ku Neolithic, komanso m'mphepete mwa Indian Ocean - kumayambiriro kwa Bronze Age. Pali umboni kuti mitengo ya madeti idakulidwa pamayiko a Iran yamakono zaka za zana la 6 BC.
Mtengo wa kanjedza wokhala ndi madeti
Malinga ndi nthano, kanjedza lidatchulidwa kuti ndi mtengo wamoyo, womwe umayimira kusafa komanso kubwezeretsanso. M'mayiko a Middle East, mtengo wa kanjedza unalemekezedwa ngati "mtengo wochokera kumlengalenga." Anthu akale ankakhulupirira kuti madeti ndi mtengo womwe zipatso zake zimatha kutchedwa chakudya cha milungu ndi anthu oyamba padziko lapansi.
Peti la kanjedza limadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha chuma komanso kukolola bwino. Anthu akale amakhulupirira kuti zipatso zouma za kanjedza zimachiritsa thupi lonse. Mtengo uwu unkapembedzedwa ndikufotokozedwa mu vesi, ndipo ojambula ambiri adajambula pamakanema awo. Martiros Saryan "kanjedza" - ntchito yotchuka yomwe inalembedwa ndi wojambulayo mu 1911.
Kukongoletsa deti la kanjedza
M'mayiko a ku Europe, mitengo yazipatso imabzalidwa posachedwa ndipo makamaka ngati chomera.
Kufotokozera Kwambiri
Date Palm (Latin - Phoenix dactylifera) ndi wa banja la Palm (Arecaceae). Kutalika kotalikirapo kwa mtengowo ndi mamita 12-32. Kukula kwa chomera chaching'ono kuli pafupifupi 50 cm pachaka. Ali ndi zaka 15, kanjedza limafika mita 7 kutalika. Monga lamulo, thunthu la kanjedza ndi shaggy, kuchokera pazoyambira masamba ogwa.
Pamwamba pa kanjedza panali chokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa a masamba 15 amisili, omwe amafika mpaka mikono isanu. Kutentha kwakutali kwa inflorescence kumapangidwa m'm ax ax masamba. Pakucha, ma inflorescence amagwada pansi pa kulemera kwawo.
Zipatso ndi madeti, zimakhala zazifupi kapena zowulungika, zimafika kutalika kwa 2-7 masentimita ndi 3.5 cm. Tsiku - chipatso chowoneka bwino, chokhwima, ndimtundu wachikasu kapena mtundu wofiirira.
Zosangalatsa! Zipatso za deti zimakhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri ndipo zimatengeka mosavuta ndi thupi la munthu. Mwa kukoma, madeti amatha kutchedwa zipatso za mchere wambiri.
Ili ndi mnofu wokoma wopatsa thanzi, momwe fupa lolimba limabisidwa ndi poyambira patali. Pakucha kwathunthu, kutentha kwokhazikika kwa pafupifupi madigiri 35 mpaka 40 kumafunika.
Zipatso za mtengo wa deti zimadyedwa mwatsopano, zouma, zouma ndi maswidi. Zipatso zatsopano sizisungidwa kwanthawi yayitali, chifukwa chake, pamashelefu osungira zimaperekedwa ngati zipatso zouma. Madeti oundana, ndi chiyani - chipatso cha kanjedza, chomwe mbewu idachotsedwa isanayanidwe.
Tsiku limamasuwa pachimake pazachilengedwe.
Kukoma kwa tsikulo ndikosangalatsa kwambiri, nthawi zina ngakhale kochuluka kwambiri, kutengera mitundu. Pali shuga wambiri bwanji masiku owuma ndi mbewu - zipatso zouma za kanjedza zomwe zili ndi 60-65% shuga (makamaka fructose ndi glucose, zomwe sizikuwononga thupi), ndizochulukirapo kuposa zipatso zina.
Malo ogawa
Mtundu wa kanjedza umakula m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yotentha ndipo umatha kulekerera kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa. Mtengowu ndiofala ku Europe, Asia, India, Africa, mzinda wa Luxor, South America ndi Australia. Madeti a Canary ndi a Robelins amakonda kulima m'malo a m'mphepete mwa miyala, miyala ndi miyala. Mtundu wa kanjedza wa kanjedza umakula m'madzi opezeka kumapiri a Libyan ndi Nubian.
Mitundu ya Date Phoenix Palm
Mitundu yopitilira 17 ya mitengo yazipatso imadziwika kuti imabzalidwa ngati mtengo wobzala komanso mitengo yazipatso. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yazipatso za kanjedza imaphatikizapo:
- Canary (canariensis);
- Palmate;
- Robelini (roebelenii).
Canary
Tsiku la Canary - m'malo achilengedwe, thunthu la mtengo wozungulira limakula mpaka 15 mita kukwera, mpaka mita 1 mulifupi. Pansi pamunthu, chomera ndizochepa kwambiri. Mtundu wa Canary deti uli ndi masamba okwanira okulirapo amitundu ya malachite.
Canary Tsiku la Palm
Maluwa a mtengo amapezeka mwachilengedwe, mikhalidwe yokonza pakhomo sikhala pachimake. Madeti a Canary osamalira pakhomo amafunika kutsatira mosamalitsa boma loyendetsa madzi ndikuwonetsetsa kuyatsa bwino.
Palmate
Madeti a kanjedza - mwachilengedwe, thunthu la mtengo limafikira 30 cm kutalika ndi 30 cm mozungulira. Pa thunthu la mtengowo pali masamba ambiri a petioles a masamba owuma. Masamba ndi osiyana, kutalika (mpaka mita 6), osanjidwa bwino, ngati maluwa pamwamba pake.
Tcherani khutu! Chifukwa cha kukula kwakukulu, mbewu zazing'ono zimamera pakhomo.
Palm kanjedza
Robelini
Tsiku la Robelini ndi mitengo yambiri yam'magulu angapo kapena mitengo imodzi ya basili, imamera mpaka mita 1-3. Thunthu la bwalo lozungulira limakhala pafupifupi masentimita 10. Masamba ndi pinnate, kutalika kwapakatikati (mpaka mita 1-2), mtundu wawo ndi wobiriwira wakuda.
Tsiku Robelini
Chifukwa cha kukula kwake pang'ono komanso kukula pang'onopang'ono, mtunduwu ndiosavuta kubzala kunyumba.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Malamulo posamalira kanjedza ndi ofanana ndi mitundu ina ya kanjedza.
Kuwala
Mtengo wa deti umakonda kuunikira bwino, koma kumamveka bwino ngakhale pang'ono. Miphika yokhala ndi chomera ikhoza kuikidwa pazenera la kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. Kuti korona akukhazikike bwino, mbewuyo imafunikira kuunika kotseguka, ndipo muyenera kuisinthira nthawi zonse ndi magawo osiyanasiyana kupita kuuniyo.
Mtengo wa kanjedza mumphika wapansi
M'chilimwe, mausiku akakhala otentha ndipo kutentha kusatsika madigiri +12, mutha kuyendetsa nthambi ya kanjedza panja m'mundamu, pansi pa mitengo ina yonse. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti ndiyenera kupita kumtengowo kupita ku loggia kapena khonde, koma muteteze ku dzuwa.
Zofunika! Ngati kanjedza silinatembenukire mbali zina kuloza dzuwa, koronayo amakula bwino mbali imodzi yokha.
Kuthirira
Ikasungidwa kunyumba, chomeracho chimayenera kupatsidwa madzi okwanira. Osalola kuyanika kufinya kwa dongo m'mphika. Udzu wapamwamba (masentimita 2-3) ukauma, ndikofunikira kuthirira. Munthawi ya kukula kwantchito (kuyambira koyambirira kwa Epulo - Ogasiti), mtengo wa kanjedza umafunika kuthirira kwakukulu.
Pakutentha kwambiri, mbewuyo imathiriridwa madzi masiku onse awiri ndipo masamba owazidwa amathiridwa kamodzi kamodzi patsiku. Nthawi yogonera (Seputembala - kumapeto kwa Marichi), mbewuyo imathiriridwa madzi pafupipafupi (osapitirira nthawi 1 pa sabata) osati zochuluka.
Kuthirira mitengo ya kanjedza kuchokera kuthirira
Kuti muchepetse chinyezi, mutha kuyika mphika ndi chomera pa cholembera chadongo kapena moss. Mukathirira mtengo wa kanjedza, osathira madzi ochuluka, chifukwa, chifukwa chinyezi champhamvu nthaka, mizu imatha kuvunda ndipo chomera chimafa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mphika uli ndi zotungira zabwino.
Kutentha ndi chinyezi
M'miyezi yophukira ndi yotentha, pakakhala ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito masamba, + 20-25 ° C imawonetsedwa ngati kutentha koyenera kwa mitengo. Munthawi yopumira (nthawi yophukira, nthawi yozizira), kutentha kwa mtengowu kumatanthauza kuti ndi + 15-18 ° C, koma pali mitundu ya kanjedza yamtunduwu yozizira bwino pa + 8-10 ° C.
Mukasunga mtengo wazaka, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti sizigwirizana pakukonzekera. Masamba amatha kuda kapena kugwa kwathunthu. Komanso chomera chimakhala ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri, ndiye kuti mphika wokhala ndi mtengo wa mgwalangwa suyenera kuyikidwa pansi papulasitiki yoyenda bwino kapena pawindo.
Mtengowu umakonda chinyezi chambiri, ndipo kukwera kwake, bwino (pafupifupi 70-85%). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa zoziziritsa kukhosi m'chipinda momwe chomera chikuyimira, komanso kupopera masamba nthawi zonse ndi madzi osadetsedwa.
Mtsuko wamadzi
Kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse, muyenera kupukuta masamba a kanjedza ndi chinkhupule chofewa komanso chonyowa. Pakangotha masiku 7 aliwonse, ndikofunikira kumunyowetsa chomera kuchokera ku bafa, pomwe madziwo ayenera kukhala otentha komanso ofewa.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Munthawi yakulima, kanjedza kameneka limaphatikizidwa kamodzi masiku 14. Pa matalala, feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi masiku 30. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Mavalidwe ophatikizika apamwamba pazomera zokongoletsera zokongoletsera komanso mawonekedwe apadera a michere ndi ma organic a mitengo ya kanjedza amaonedwa ngati abwino kwambiri.
Mbewuyo imadyetsedwa ndi mizu ndi foliar, kumwaza masamba a mbewu ndi feteleza. Kuti muwonjezere bwino masamba obiriwira amtundu wa kanjedza, nitrogen yambiri imafunika.
Thirani
Ngakhale mtengo wa mgwalangwa sufuna kuikidwa zina, umafunikabe kuumwetsa. Zomera zazing'ono, zaka 1-5 mpaka 10, zimafunikira kumuika pachaka. Mitengo ya kanjedza yoposa zaka 5 iyenera kudulidwa wina uliwonse zaka 2-3.
Kugulitsa kumachitika ndikusinthana ndi mtanda wakale wakale. Choyamba, dongo lakukulira limayala pansi pa mphika watsopano, kenako mtengo wa mgwalangwa umayikidwa limodzi ndi nthaka yakale ndikuwazidwa ndikufunika kosakanizika kwatsopano.
Kusintha chomera kukhala mphika watsopano
Poika mbewu, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mphika wa chomera uyenera kusankha kwambiri, popeza mizu ya kanjedza ndi yayitali. Ponyamula kanjedza, monga lamulo, amagwiritsa ntchito njira iyi: dothi, nthaka ndi mchenga. Zigawo zonse zimatengedwa chimodzimodzi.
Mavuto Amakula
Ngati simutsatira malamulo oyenera osamalira, kuthiramo madzi pang'ono kapena pang'ono, ndiye kuti posachedwa mbewuyo ikadwala, tizirombo titha kuoneka.
Tizilombo ndi tizirombo
Tizilombo tambiri tomwe timakumana ndi kanjedza kanyumba:
- Kangaude wofiyira. Izi, monga lamulo, zimayamba ndi kuthirira kosayenera ndikusagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa chipindacho. Choyamba, nkhupakupa imakhudza zimayambira kenako masamba a kanjedza;
- Chotchinga. Tizilombo timawoneka ngati timadontho tofiirira. Amenya masamba, ndikuyamwa madziwo onse. Zotsatira zake, masamba a kanjedza amatembenuka chikasu, nkuuma ndikugwa;
- Kangaudeyu ndi wamba. Tizilombo timeneti timatha kuwoneka chifukwa cha mpweya wouma kwambiri wamkati. Mtundu wa kanjedza ukakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kabatani kakang'ono kamatha kuwoneka pamasamba.
Masamba amawuma pachimake
- Chowawa cha Powdery. Tizilombo timeneti timakhudzana ndi tsinde la mbewu ndi masamba ake. Ngati palibe chochitika, mtengowo udzauma kwambiri;
- Zopatsa. Ma midge ochepa kwambiri omwe amayikira mazira awo pamasamba a kanjedza. Ngati mbewuyo ili ndi kachilombo, mawanga a bulauni amatha kuwoneka mkati mwa masamba, ndi kuyera kunja.
Ngati tizirombo tapezeka, simuyenera kuchita mantha - zitheka kuchiza mbewu.
Tizirombo titha kuthana ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- Kuchotsa kwamakina ndi chinkhupule ndi sopo;
- Kukhathamiritsa ndi mankhwala: Pyrethrum, Fosfamide, Actellik, Fitoverm. Ndalamazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera vutoli, pogwiritsa ntchito magalamu awiri a mankhwalawa pa lita imodzi yamadzi;
- Pochiritsa masamba ndi tsinde ndi mowa (madera otenthedwa amapukutidwa ndi swab ya thonje yonyowa, yothiridwa ndi madzi).
Zambiri. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana thunthu, masamba ndi thunthu la kanjedza kuti muwone tizirombo tomwe tingapangitse kuti chomera chifere.
Matenda ofala
Ma kanjedza a Date samangogwidwa ndi tizilombo, komanso matenda.
Malangizo a masamba awuma
Monga lamulo, nsonga za masamba zimayamba kuuma pachikatikati cha mtengowo ndi madzi osakwanira, nthaka ikauma kwambiri. Chifukwa china ndikuchepa kwa feteleza. Ngati kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zonse, ndipo kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa nthawi, ndiye kuti chifukwa chake chitha kukhala chinyezi chambiri pamizu.
Izi zimachitika ndi dothi losakwanira. Mutha kuthana ndi vutoli pokoka mbewuyo mumphika, kutsuka mizu ndikuyiyika mumphika wina, koma onetsetsani kuti mwayika pansi pansi.
Masamba amasanduka achikasu
Ngati masamba asintha chikasu pachikhatho, izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina samamwetsa bwino, kapena kuthira feteleza wosakwanira. Komanso, zomwe zimayambitsa zingakhale kuthirira ndi madzi olimba komanso kouma kwambiri mchipindacho.
Masamba auma
Mutha kuthana ndi vutoli mwa kupopera mankhwalawa komanso kuthilira ndi madzi ofunda.
Masamba a bulauni
Chifukwa chiyani masamba a bulauni adawoneka pa kanjedza - mbewu idagwidwa kwambiri ndikunyowa kapena hypothermia. Kuti musunge mtengowo, muyenera kuuchotsa mu mphika ndikuyang'ana mizu, kudula zowonongeka, kuwaza ndi malasha osemphana ndikusintha chomera m'nthaka yatsopano.
Momwe mungakulitsire kanjedza kuchokera pachaka fupa
Kupadera kwa kanjedza kaja ndikuti imatha kumera kuchokera pambewu. Kuti kubereka kuchitika, ndikofunikira kusankha zipatso zouma zomwe sizinachitike. Khama lotereli silibereka zipatso.
Mafupa a deti, dothi loumbika komanso zophukira
Kukonzekera mafupa ndi kumera
Gawanitsani fupa kuyambira masikuwo, nadzatsuka bwino ndi kuwiritsa m'madzi ofunda kwa tsiku limodzi. Kuti kumera bwino, scalp imatha kuthiridwa ndi madzi otentha. Kenako, nyemba za deti ziyenera kuyikidwa pa ubweya wa thonje lonyowa ndikuphimbidwa ndi gawo lina.
Ikani ubweya wa thonje mumtsuko ndi malo otentha kwambiri kuti kumere. Ndikofunikira kupukuta ubweya wa thonje nthawi zonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nkhungu siziwoneka. Zimatha kupitirira mwezi umodzi kuti zimere, choncho khalani oleza mtima.
Kusankha dothi ndikunyamula
Nthaka ikawoneka pafupa, imabzalidwe m'nthaka yokonzedwa kale. Pa kukonzekera amatenga: turf, peat, utuchi ndi humus mulingo wofanana. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lamasamba a mitengo ya kanjedza.
Zofunika! ikani chigawo pansi pa thankiyo. Kuzama fupa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Ikani chidebe ndi malo otentha pamalo otentha. Sungani pansi mu chidebe pang'ono chonyowa. Wosanjikiza wa sphagnum moss akhoza kuwayika pamwamba pa nthaka.
Sprout chisamaliro
Mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera m'miyezi ya 1-6. Akakula mpaka masentimita 10-15, ayenera kuwaika m'miphika ingapo. Ndikofunikira kuti miphika ndiyitali, popeza mizu yayitali imakula pachaka. Izi zimatsatiridwa ndikuziika pachaka mumphika wokulirapo.
Munthawi ya kukula kwa mbewu zazing'ono, kudulira sikuyenera kuchitika, popeza mbewuyo ili pamwamba pomwepo. Komanso, zikumera zimafunikira kupereka kuwala kwathunthu kwa tsiku komanso kutentha kwa mpweya.
Kukula kanjedza kunyumba ndikulota kwa alimi ambiri, akhoza kumasuliridwa mosavuta mu zenizeni, muyenera kungoyesetsa pang'ono ndi kupirira.
