Mpendadzuwa ndi wotchuka osati kwa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mafuta oyamba, komanso zotsalira. Keke, ufa, mankhusu ndizomwe zili zofunikira, chifukwa ndizoonjezera zakudya zabwino mu ulimi. M'nkhaniyi tidzakuuzani za mafuta a mafuta a mpendadzuwa, chomwe chiri ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino, ngati n'zotheka nkhumba ndi ng'ombe, komanso nyama zina, kuti apatsidwe nsonga.
Keke - ndi chiyani?
Keke ya mpendadzuwa imapezeka pofikira mafuta ku mbewu zotsalira. Kukonzekera kwa chakudya ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera. Popeza keke ndi mapuloteni othandiza, ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zakudya zamtundu uliwonse. Mosiyana ndi tirigu, mafuta a mpendadzuwa ndi abwino kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Keke ili ndi dzina lina, mwa anthu omwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa "Makukha."Popeza pali mafuta ochulukirapo mu mafuta, amakhala ndi thanzi labwino ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Ambiri amadzifunsa kuti ndi chiyani chomwe chimapanga mkate wosiyana ndi mkate. Yankho ndi lophweka. Zonsezi, ndi zina-kupanga zonyansa pamene mukukonza zikhalidwe zina. Kusiyana kokha ndiko njira yopangira zinthuzi.
Maonekedwe a mkate wa mpendadzuwa
Keke ya mpendadzuwa imakhala yathanzi, imaphatikizapo 30-40% mapuloteni. Limaphatikizanso madzi, kuchuluka kwake komwe sikuyenera kupitirira 11%, kutayika - 5%, mafuta - mpaka 9,4%. Pamene akupera mbewu za chipolopolocho amachotsedwa ndi okha, choncho, pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chiri gawo la chakudya cha mpendadzuwa ndi mapuloteni abwino, komanso mafuta, omwe amawerengera 7-10%.
Mafuta a mpendadzuwa, omwe amakhalabe mu mafuta ochulukirapo, ali ndi mafuta ambiri a polyunsaturated acids, vitamini E ndi phospholipids. Komanso, mafutawa amakhala otsika kwambiri, choncho mankhwalawa ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito keke ya mpendadzuwa mu ulimi
Nthambi kumene gwero la mpendadzuwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndilosiyana, koma nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi. Mukalowa mu keke ya mpendadzuwa mukamadya nyama zakutchire monga chakudya choonjezera, kukula kwa nyama zazing'ono kudzakulimbikitsani. Mitengo ya nyama imakula bwino, nkhuku zowonjezeka zidzakula, ndipo chitetezo cha nyama chidzalimbikitsidwa.
Ziweto zimagwiritsa ntchito keke
Keke ya mpendadzuwa ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa ng'ombe, kuphatikizapo ng'ombe, abakha, akalulu, nkhumba, nkhuku, atsekwe, ntchentche. Keke inapezanso ntchito mu ulimi wa nsomba. Asanayambe kudyetsa nyama, keke ya mpendadzuwa iyenera kusweka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera. 
Momwe mungayesere mkate
Otetezeka ku khalidwe lamtsogolo labwino ndi thanzi. Keke ya mpendadzuwa ya nyama imapatsidwa mlingo wosiyana:
- Alimi a nkhuku nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chopatsa nkhuku nkhuku. Tsopano mankhwalawa akupezeka pafupifupi chakudya chonse, mlingo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana, koma osati zambiri. Ngati mukufuna kudzipatsa nokha zomwe mungapatse mbalame, keke ya mpendadzuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhuku zowonjezera mpaka 15%, komanso nkhuku zazikulu - mpaka 20%;
- Ngati simukudziwa ngati nkhumba zingaperekedwe keke, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chodandaula. Kwa ana aang'ono patsiku amafunikira 1-1.5 makilogalamu a keke ya mpendadzuwa;
- Chakudya cha nkhumba zonenepa ndi bwino kupereka pamtunda wa 0,5-1.5 makilogalamu patsiku, kokha mu theka la nthenda ya mafuta, mwinamwake mafuta akhoza kukhala ofewa;
- pamene keke yobereka akavalo ingakhale yothandiza. Keke ya mpendadzuwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa mahatchi, gawo lake mu chakudya choyenera siliyenera kupitirira 20%;
- mahatchi a ntchito amafunikira makilogalamu 2-3 a keke;
- Ng'ombe za mkaka, pofuna kugulitsa mkaka wonse, zimatenga 4 kg ya keke pa tsiku.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mkaka wa ng'ombe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera mafuta, muyenera kulemera makilogalamu 2.5. Ngati mumapitirira mlingo umenewu, mafuta akhoza kukhala otsika kwambiri.
Momwe mungasunge mkate wa mpendadzuwa
Pofuna kusungirako keke ya mafuta a mpendadzuwa, nkofunika kukwaniritsa zofunikira zina. Choyamba, msinkhu wa chinyezi mu chipinda chomwe keke sichiyenera kupitirira 12%, mwinamwake kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuli koopsa, kungapweteketse kapena kuvunda. Keke yapamwamba ilibe fungo, ukali kapena mildew. Keke ya mpendadzuwa iyenera kutenthedwa kusanayambe kusungidwa kapena kutumizidwa m'nyengo yozizira mpaka 35 ° C, ndipo nthawi ya chilimwe kutentha sikuyenera kukhala koposa 5 ºC kuchokera ku chilengedwe.
Ndikofunikira! Keke ya mpendadzuwa iyenera kusungidwa m'matumba, kuponyedwa mu milu, kapena zambiri mu malo owuma, oyera omwe sakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tosungira tirigu.
Chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira kapena wokhala ndi nyumba. Mpendadzuwa sayenera kuwonetseredwa ndi dzuwa, ndipo zipangizo siziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi kutentha. Ngati zasungidwa zambiri, ndiye kuti iyenera kusanganikirana nthawi zonse.
Kodi n'zotheka kupha nyama zokhala ndi chakudya, kudyetsa
Powonjezerapo chakudya cha mpendadzuwa ku zakudya za nyama, sizodalitsika kuti tisiyane ndi mlingo woyenera. Izi zingawononge ubwino wa mankhwala omaliza ndipo zimakhudza thanzi la nyama. Ndifunikanso kutsatila zomwe zili pamwambazi. Ngati keke idawonongeka, iyo idzavunda kapena nkhungu, ndiye kuti ntchito yake idzavulaza, zinyama zikhoza kukhala zoizoni ndikuyamba kuvulaza.
