Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazithunzi ndi mawonekedwe a tsamba lokongola la kalatea ndizodabwitsa, phale la utawaleza ndilowoneka ndi maso, ndipo mukufuna kungobweretsa zozizwitsa kunyumba kuti ziunikire ndi mitundu ya malo otentha. Moody calathea chisamaliro kunyumba chomwe chimafuna nthawi yayitali komanso ntchito, adapatsa chidwi anthu okonda zachilengedwe.
About mbiri yakuwoneka
Dziko la Kalathea ndi South America. Dzina lake wamba ndi galatea, mumadongosolo osindikiza - calatea.
Chiyeretso chodabwitsa cha mithunzi ya calathea milozo
Dzinalo loyamba la maluwa ndi "korona wa Inca"; calathea adalandira chifukwa cha maluwa ndi malo ogawa: Peru, Brazil, Bolivia.
Lachiwiri - "duwa la pemphelo", limachitika chifukwa masamba ake amadzuka madzulo, kuwulula mbali yakumunsi, ndipo m'mawa kugwa komwe anali kale, akufanana ndi manja akwezedwa m'mapemphero.
Conquistadors, Spain ndi Apwitikizi omwe adapambana America, adabweretsa chomera ku Europe.
Kodi Calathea amawoneka bwanji?
Ichi ndi chomera cha herbaceous chosatha cha banja la Marantaceae chokhala ndi mizu mu mawonekedwe a ma rhizomes - mbadwa za m'nkhalango zotentha za Latin America. Kuthengo, kuli mitundu yopitilira 130.
Mitundu ina imakula mpaka kutalika masentimita 80. Akuwombera nthawi zambiri mobisa, ndi ma rhizomes apamwamba kwambiri, pomwe amamera mphukira ndi maluwa opindika.
Zodzikongoletsera zazikuluzikulu zamasamba - masamba awo amawonekera mwachindunji kuchokera ku basal rosette. Amakhala akulu kwambiri, mpaka 30 cm, ngati mawonekedwe a chowongolera, ellipse kapena elong. Amatembenuka masana, amawona dzuwa, madzuwa akutuluka.
Mbatata calathea
Maluwa a calathea amapanga ma spike ngati kapena ozungulira inflorescence. Utoto wa mitundu ndi yosiyanasiyana. Duwa loyambirira limalola kuphukira kokha mwa njuchi zazing'ono.
Mitundu wamba
Otsatirawa amatchuka kwambiri.
Calathea milozo
Calathea ndi wamizeremizere, kapena monga imatchulidwanso ngati zebra (Calathea zebrina), yokhala ndi masamba owala amdima wobiriwira ngati mawonekedwe a ellipse, pomwe mawonekedwe ofiira amkati mwa mtsempha wapakati ndi mizere yambiri yochokako kuchokera pakona mpaka m'mphepete amalembedwa bwino.
Kusakaniza kwa calathea
Calathea Remix ndi ofanana ndi mamba, ndikusiyana kokha popeza ili ndi mawonekedwe omwewo ngati milozo, koma matani amdima pamizere yowala.
Kalaza Bachem
Calathea bachemiana, kapena maranta bachemiana, omwe anachokera ku malo otentha ku Brazil pambuyo pake kuposa ena, adayamba kukhala wamkulu ngati wowonjezera nyumba kalekale.
Masamba a calathea Bachem okhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi nthambi
Chomera chopanda monocotyledonous chopanda ndi rhizome. Tchire ndiwotsika komanso laling'ono. Masamba obiriwira a lancet-elongated kuwala kwa Bachem calathea amakongoletsedwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda wofanana ndi nthambi yomwe ili pakatikati pa mbale. Awa ndi amodzi mwa oimira mitunduyi.
Khulapo Warszewicz (Katswiri Watsamba)
Imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi ma toni obiriwira. Pansi pa pepalalo ndi utoto.
Spike inflorescence ndi pinki kapena zonona.
Kalaza Varshevich
Chisamaliro cha Kalonda kunyumba
Kodi kusamalira zofuna za calathea kunyumba? Mwana wa nkhalango yamvula, calathea, amafunikira kutentha chaka chonse. Sakonda zojambula, zolozera, kusintha kozama mu kutentha ndi kusintha kwounikira. Kukula kwake kumapitilizabe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti feteleza amafunikira nthawi zonse, kusintha kwa dozi ndikosintha kokha.
Muyenera kuthilira duwa m'mphepete mwa mphika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi samalowa pakatikati. Mukathirira, chotsani madzi otsalawo pachomeracho. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikusamba, kuphatikiza hydration, kumathandizira kuchotsa fumbi ndikuthandizira kupewa kupha tizilombo.
Zowonjezera. Chomera chamoyo sichitha kugwidwa ndi tizilombo; maluwa ofooka omwe amakhala m'malo ovuta amadwala.
Miphika ndikofunika kusankha kwakukulu komanso yotsika, chifukwa kukula kumachulukanso m'lifupi.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri m'chilimwe masana kudzakhala 22-25 ° C, usiku - osati kutsika kuposa 18 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa masana kuyenera kusungidwa pamlingo wa 18-20 ° С, usiku - 16 ° С. Chomera sichilola kuti kutentha kusanduke.
Kuwala
Chofunikira pakuwongolera maluwa ndi kusankha koyenera kwounikira. Ndi zochulukirapo, masamba amayamba kupeza mtundu wa bulauni. Kuperewera kwa dzuwa kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa masamba, momwemo ndi kukongoletsa kwa duwa lonse. Ndikofunika kuti muike poto pazenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo.
Kuthirira
Kutsirira kuyenera kuthandizidwa mosamala, makamaka chilimwe. Kuphatikiza pa kuthirira mwachindunji, muthanso kubzala mbewu pallet yonyowa.
Mukamadula masamba osokonekera a dothi opukutira ndi kupendekera, ndipo m'mphepete mwake mumawuma.
Zofunika! Thirirani chomeracho ndi madzi ofunda okhaokha. Madzi ozizira amachititsa kufewa komanso kuwola kwa masamba. Ngati simukuyesetsa kusintha kayendedwe ka ulimi wothirira, calatea ikhoza kuwakhazikitsanso.
Kuwaza
Duwa limakonda kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, koma mitundu ina yokhala ndi masamba velvety silivomereza njirayi - imayambitsa mawonekedwe a bulauni.
Chinyezi
Chomera chimafunikira mpweya wonyowa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofunikira kumunyowetsa kuchokera pa mfuti yofayira kapena kukhazikitsa chinyontho chamagetsi pafupi. Mutha kuyikanso mbale pafupi ndi duwa.
Dothi
Dothi la calathea liyenera kukhala acidic pang'ono. Dothi logula la azaleas ndi ma orchid, omwe ali osakanikirana mbali zofanana, kuwonjezera mchenga ndi perlite, ndi abwino.
Blooms Kalimbaa Varshevich
Osakaniza akhoza kukonzekera pawokha posakaniza:
- Mapepala lapansi - magawo awiri;
- Humus - 1 gawo;
- Peat - 1 gawo;
- Mchenga - 1/2 gawo.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Pakadyetsa, feteleza wazamadzi wovuta kupangidwira maluwa chamkati akhoza kukhala yoyenera. Kuzungulira kwa yankho kumatsitsidwa ndi theka, poyerekeza ndi zomwe zikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo.
Pangani mavalidwe apamwamba mutathirira kawiri pamwezi panthawi yamasamba omwe maluwa akhazikika (kasupe-chilimwe). M'chaka chonse, nthawi imodzi m'mwezi ndi theka ndizokwanira.
Tcherani khutu! Kusakwanira komanso kuphatikiza feteleza mosiyanasiyana kumakhudza mkhalidwe wa calathea, monga momwe chithunzi cha masamba asinthira: zimasinja. Kukhalapo kwa mchere wamchere mu kapangidwe ka feteleza kumamupha.
Panthawi yopuma
Nthawi yokhala duwa ndi yocheperako, chifukwa mitengo ya Amaranth ikupitirirabe nthawi yophukira-nthawi yachisanu. Feteleza kumachitika kangapo, kuchepetsa Mlingo. Madzi osefukira ayenera kupewedwa, chifukwa pamtunda wotsika kwambiri pamadzaza mizu, zomwe zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri; nthawi zina zimakhala zosatheka kupulumutsa mbewu.
Kudulira
Palibe chifukwa chodulira nthawi zonse. Masamba owuma okha ndi owonongeka ayenera kuchotsedwa pa nthawi.
Kodi calathea zimaswana bwanji
Fotokozani za calatea m'njira zingapo:
- Kufesa mbewu;
- Zodulidwa;
- Kuyala kwam'mlengalenga.
Kumera kwa mbeu
Kuphatikiza poti iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yotalikilapo, zotulukapo zake sizimadziwika - zomwe zimayambitsa zidzakhala za mtundu wina wosiyana ndi chomera cha kholo. Kumera kwa mbeu ndizochepa kwambiri, kotero muyenera kufesa mbewu zambiri kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.
Ndondomeko ya tsatane-tsatane ndi motere. Bzalani mbeu mumbale zosaya yodzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cholimba ndi mchenga poyerekeza 2: 1. Khalani ndi kutentha kwa 21-25 ° C. Pambuyo pa kumera, mbande zimakhira m'madzi zitakula, zobzalidwa mumiphika.
Zowonjezera. Njira imeneyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa.
Mizu yodula
Kuthekera kwa zotsatira zabwino pamilandu iyi ndikwapamwamba pang'ono. Tsinde limasiyanitsidwa mosavuta popanda kuvulaza ngati malo okula amakhalabe pa chomera cha kholo ndi kudula. Amabzyala dothi lonyowa, yokutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu mpaka mizu itawonekera.
Mpweya wagona
Mwa njirayi, tsinde limapinda pansi, kutetezedwa, kukonkhedwa komanso kuthiriridwa. Pambuyo pakupanga mizu yawo, zigawo zimadulidwa mosamala kuchokera kwa chomera cha kholo ndikubzala.
Zosankha zina
Chachikulu pa zonse ndi kufalikira kwa masamba a kalatea, komwe nthawi zambiri kumatha polephera. Masamba abwinobwino amasankhidwa, olekanitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi kubzala m'nthaka yonyowa. Phimbani ndigalasi mpaka mizu itawonekera.
Kuti mupeze mawonekedwe atsopano, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsamba, njira iyi ndi yosavuta, ndipo imasinthasintha mawonekedwe amtunduwo.
Zosiyanasiyana za Calathea
Poika calathea kuyambira wazaka zitatu, phokoso limagawidwa mosamala m'magawo angapo, ndikusiya gawo labwino pa "kugawa" kulikonse, ndikulandila mbewu zazikulu kamodzi. Mizu yolumikizana imadulidwa ndi mpeni. Malo omwe mabala amathandizidwa ndi phulusa.
"Gawoli" lirilonse limabzalidwa m'chidebe chake, ndikugona ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga komanso mchenga woyerekeza 2: 1, kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri ndikusiyidwa mpaka ma peat awuma. Phimbani ndi kanema, ndikupanga mabowo kuti mpweya ulowemo, kuthiriridwa ngati nthaka ikuluma.
Thirani
Chizindikiro cha calathea ndikugwiritsa ntchito mizu, yomwe imatulutsa zinthu m'nthaka zomwe zimakhumudwitsa mtundu wake. Kuphatikiza apo, mizu yake ndiyosaya kuchokera pamwamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kukula kwamtundu wa duwa kumatha kuchitika ndikusintha kwadziko lapansi, zomwe zimachitika pakubzala.
Zomera zazing'ono ziyenera kuziwitsidwa kumtundu uliwonse wamasika. Pofika zaka zinayi, kumuika kumachitika mchaka chimodzi. Ndikwabwino kuchita izi kumapeto kwa dzinja kapena koyambirira kwamasika.
Zofunika! Mukamasankha chidebe, makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kwa mphika wambiri, wotsika.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula
Sikovuta kuti maluwa azolowere mchipinda. Kuposa mumphika, amadzimva m'malo opatsirana, momwe kumakhala kosavuta kupanga chinyezi chachikulu.
Kuwala kowala kwambiri, makamaka dzuwa lowala, kumatha kuyambitsa kutayika kwa masamba ndi kuwuma masamba. Kuti apewe izi, amasamutsa kalatea kumalo ena owala kumene kulibe dzuwa.
Chifukwa chiyani ma calatheas masamba owuma
Ngati mpweya wuma kwambiri m'chipindacho, nsonga za masamba zimasanduka zofiirira komanso zowuma, zomwe zimapotoza pepalalo kukhala chubu. Kukula ndi chitukuko zikuchepa.
Malangizo. Kuti mupange chinyezi chachikulu, muyenera kumwaza mbewuzo, apo ayi mamba wa kangaude angaoneke.
Ndikofunikira kuchotsa masamba akufa.
Chifukwa chiyani calatheas amapotoza ndikugwa masamba
Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kumapangitsa kuti masamba ayambe kupindika ndi kupindika, kenako nkugwapo. Munthawi ya mbewu yogwira, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa kuti lisamere pakati pa madzi.
Kugwa kwamasamba kumayambitsidwa ndi mpweya wouma kwambiri. Kuti muthane ndi vuto ili, mutha kuyika duwa m'malo otetemera, dimba la mabotolo, kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kapena kuyika peat chonyowa mozungulira chomera.
Tizilombo
Kuphwanya malamulo okhudzana ndi calathea kumabweretsa mawonekedwe a tizirombo ndi matenda. Tizilombo ta calathea ndi ofanana ndi ambiri omwe amabzala m'nyumba.
Zomera zili pansi pa tsamba, sizimasuntha, zimayamwa madzi kuchokera masamba. Masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikugwa, mphukira zimafa.
Kukhalapo kwa tizilombo kukuwoneka ndi ma phukusi pouma pamasamba, kenako bowa wa sooty amakhazikika pamenepo. Pofuna kutaya mbewu, ndewu imayamba nthawi yomweyo, kukonza karbofosom kapena "Actellik".
Ziphuphu za kangaude zimakhazikika pansanja ya masamba, masamba oonda amafotokozera izi, izi zimachitika chifukwa chinyezi chambiri m'chipindacho. Masamba amayamba kutembenukira chikaso ndi kutha. Popewa kuwonongeka ndi kangaude, masamba amafafaniza mbali zonse ziwiri, masamba ofunda amakonzedwa masiku onse atatu.
Spider mite masamba a calathea
Pogwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tambiri, chithandizo cha mankhwala a Actellik ndi Fitoverm chidzafunika.
Mwa mawonekedwe a masamba, ndikosavuta kudziwa matenda a maluwa. Mu chomera chathanzi, chimakhala chokongola, chokhala ndi utoto; odwala, amatembenuka chikasu ndi kupindika.
Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuchiza duwa, muyenera kudziwa zolakwika zomwe zimachitika posamalira komanso kukonza, kuchotsedwa kwawo kumadzetsa moyo.
Ngakhale chiwonetsero chowonjezeka cha chisamaliro, duwa lamkati la calathea likufalikira kwambiri, likuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa okonda kuchita nawo ntchito yolima ndi kubzala mbewu yosangalatsa, yomwe imawerengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha chisangalalo cha mabanja.
