Gloxinia ndi chitsamba chosatha cha banja la Gesnerievyh. Malo awo ndi nkhalango zakuda zaku South ndi Central America. Momwe timayendera, iyi ndi imodzi mwa zomera zotchuka kwambiri. Ndi osasunthika, olimba, choncho ngakhale oyamba kumene amayamba kulima. Olima amaluwa otukuka kwambiri akupanga kuswana mbewu zatsopano zomwe zimawonekera kwenikweni chaka chilichonse. Kaŵirikaŵiri, kuyesera kumayikidwa pa gloxinia terry - mitundu yobiriwira kwambiri ya zomera, zomwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Yesenia ili nayo.
Mitundu ya Gloxinia "Yesenia": ndondomeko ndi zizindikiro
"Esenia" - dzina la chikhalidwe cha Dutch hybrid. Zosiyanasiyana ali muyezo chitsamba ndi sing'anga kakulidwe petioles. Ngakhale, ngati mumamupatsa mosamala, akhoza kutambasula mpaka masentimita 30. Maluwawo ndi aakulu kwambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe a duwa, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera kuwirikiza kawiri. Mukhale ndi maroon wakuda kapena wofiira. Koma pamene mutseguka kwathunthu, malire okongola amawoneka pamphepete mwa pamakhala. Gloxinia "Yesenia" ali ndi zizindikiro zake zokha zosiyanasiyana - izo zimamasula kwambiri komanso kwa nthawi yaitali.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yaitali, pamodzi ndi dzina lakuti "Gloxinia", mawu oti "synningia" adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu ofanana. Komabe, kuyambira 2012, omalizawa apatsidwa mawonekedwe apadera. Chifukwa cha chisankho ichi chinali kusiyana kwa mizu ya zomera. Sinningia amapanga mazira a pansi pa nthaka, pamene gloxinia imalola nyongolotsi, zozizwitsa zowonongeka. Koma m'mayiko ena, Gloxinia poyamba imaonedwa ngati munda, ndipo yachiwiri - mitundu ya chilengedwe.
Kawirikawiri, gloxinia "Yesenia" imafotokoza mofanana ndi mitundu ina. Kusiyana kwake kokha ndi maluwa a terry ofodabwitsa mthunzi wakuya. Mbali za khalidwe lake ndizo khalidwe la mitundu yonse.
Ngati malamulo ake akusamalidwa mopitirira muyeso, maluwawo akuuma, amagwa ndipo mbewu siimapanga masamba atsopano.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kubzala terry gloxinia
Kupanga dongosolo kumayambiriro kwa masika. Panthawi ino, mphukira zatsopano sizipangidwe pa tuber. Chifukwa chodzala zomera tengani miphika ya pulasitiki kapena dothi.
Kuunikira ndi kutentha kulikonse
Chomeracho chimakonda kuwala, koma chinabalalika. Ndi bwino kuwululira mu chipinda choyang'ana bwino kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Kotero m'mawa ndi madzulo, dzuwa lopanda mavuto lidzagwa pa iye, ndipo tsiku lomwelo adzalandira kuwala kokwanira.
Ngati simungathe kupewa mbali ya kummwera, maola masana ndi kofunika kubisala maluwa okongola a gloxinia ku dzuŵa loopsya la dzuŵa, mwinamwake masamba awo oyaka adzatenthedwa ndi kuphimbidwa ndi mawanga ofiira.
Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kupachika pepala, zojambulajambula, ndizitsulo ziwiri zazudzu pazenera.
Chomeracho chimakhala choipa mu chipinda chopanda kanthu, makamaka pa kutentha. Malo owopsa kwambiri ndi khonde lotsekedwa pamadzulo otentha. Zikatero, chomeracho chimadumpha masamba, masamba amauma ndi kugwa. Ndikofunika kuti tisawononge chipindacho, komanso kuti tiwumitse chitsamba chokha. Koma panthawi yomweyi pewani zojambula ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha.
Gloxinia "Esenia" ali ndi chikhalidwe cha chomera chomwe chimafuna kuwala kwautali - osachepera maola 14 pa tsiku.
Choncho, ngati usana usakwanire, chomeracho chiyenera kuunikiridwa ndi nyali ya fulorosenti. Makamaka pankhani achinyamata zomera kapena mbande amakula mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito nyali zapamwamba ndi nyali zoyendera kapena nyali za fulorosenti.
Zosowa za nthaka
Kufotokozera zonse za chipinda gloxinia, m'pofunikira kumvetsera nthaka. Kwa zomera zabwino zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito violets, zomwe zingagulidwe ku shopu lirilonse la maluwa. Koma mukhoza kuphika nokha.
Kuti muchite izi, sakanizani zigawozi:
- gawo la masamba a masamba;
- gawo la nthaka;
- gawo la mchenga wa mtsinje;
- magawo awiri a peat;
- zidutswa ziwiri za nthaka.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi ofooka acid acid pH = 5.5 - 6.5. Koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kumapeto kwa nyengo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mchere wambiri, choncho imayenera kusinthidwa nyengo iliyonse.
Nkhumba ya kokonati ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi alkalini kapena osalowerera ndale. Kuti akonze acidity, zidutswa za makungwa a pine odulidwa amawonjezeredwa.
Ndikofunikira! Cha kumapeto kwa September, chomeracho chikonzekera kupuma kwachisanu. Mmene mungakulitsire gloxinia nthawi ino? Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kuthirira kamodzi pamwezi, asiye kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Pakutha mwezi umodzi, gawo lonselo liyenera kufa. Kenaka mphika umatsukidwa pamalo ozizira (10 - 15 ° C) kwa miyezi inayi. Tuber ikhoza kuchotsedwa mu mphika, kubisika mu moss kapena utuchi ndi kusungidwa kumeneko mpaka February. Pakati pa nyengo yozizira, imayikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano, yotentha, yozungulira kutentha imamera, ndi kuthirira kumayamba.
Kupanga teknoloji gloxinia "Esenia"
Kusankha momwe mungasinthire gloxinia kunyumba kumayamba posankha mphika wabwino. Chomeracho chimafuna mphamvu yozama, koma yayikulu. Kawirikawiri amatenga mphika wa kukula kwake, koma ngati tubers yakula kwambiri, ndi bwino kutenga lalikulu.
Madzi ayenera kuthiridwa pansi, ndipo dongo silivomerezedwa. Ndi bwino kumwa vinyo, phula.
Mukudziwa? Alimi ena amalimbikitsa kuwonjezerapo nthaka monga kuphwanya katsulo katsulo kamene kali ndi zeolite. Zosakanikirana ndi nthaka mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 5. Izi zimapangitsa mphamvu zake zowonjezera ndipo sizilola kuti zikhale pamodzi.
Njira yowunikira imafuna kuti muzuwo uike m'manda atsopano ndi theka, popeza kuti kubzala kwakukulu kumapereka mphukira imodzi yokha, yomwe padzakhala masamba akulu, ndipo mbewuyo idzatayika. Mukamabzala bwino, chitsamba chaching'ono chimapereka mphukira ziwiri, ndipo munthu wamkulu - mpaka asanu.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji "Yesenia"
Chomeracho chimaonedwa kuti n'chosawonongeka, kotero mungathe kuchimbana nacho, ngakhale kuti simudziwa zambiri pa floriculture.
Kuthirira mbewu
Gloxinia imafuna kuthirira kawirikawiri, makamaka panthawi ya kukula kwakukulu ndi maluwa. Koma onetsetsani kuti panthawiyi, madzi samagwera pa masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopitilira ulimi wothirira.
Onetsetsani kuti madzi sagwidwa ndi nthaka. Pamene imalira kuchokera pamwamba, nkofunika kuyembekezera masiku ena angapo ndipo mutangomaliza kuthirira madziwo. Madzi ayenera kuyeretsedwa, popanda chlorine komanso kutentha pang'ono kusiyana ndi kutentha. Zoopsa madzi ozizira pa mapangidwe masamba ndi maluwa. Pafupi ndi autumn, kuthirira pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsedwa, kukonzekera chomera kwa nyengo yozizira dormancy.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zina kugwa, zomera siziuma ngakhale kumapeto kwa maluwa. Ndiye ziyenera kuletsa kuthirira, kuziika pamalo ozizira. Mukadzatha, tulani ndi kuchoka mpaka pakati pa chisanu.
Pa nyengo yokula, chomeracho chiyenera kupatsidwa chinyezi chokwanira - pafupifupi 70 - 80%. Koma panthawi yomweyi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumawononga zomera.
Mukhoza kuthetsa vutoli poika mphika pafupi ndi aquarium mwa kuika chidebe ndi madzi kapena chonyowa dothi lowonjezera pafupi nalo.
Nthaka feteleza
Mutabzala zakudya zimakhala pafupifupi miyezi limodzi ndi theka, kenako muyenera kuyamba kudyetsa. Manyowa a "Yesenia" a gloxinia amagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi mapulaneti ena, komanso violets. Ayenera kukhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yambiri kuposa nayitrogeni. Amabweretsedwe mlungu uliwonse ndi madzi kuti akuweta. Komanso, feteleza a violets amatengedwa mu mlingo kawiri kuposa momwe akulimbikitsira, komanso chifukwa cha maluwa - zocheperapo kanayi zomwe zimasonyezedwa pa phukusi.
Kubalana gloxinia
Maluwa akhoza kuchepetsedwa mwa njira zazikulu zitatu:
- rooting cuttings.
- chiwonongeko;
- kufesa mbewu;
Cuttings tsamba limathera m'chilimwe. Tsambali limadulidwa m'magawo atatu, mapesi amachotsedwa ndikuwongolera pansi, kuwonjezereka ndi 0,5 masentimita. Mphika wokhala ndi chigwirizano umamangiriridwa ndi filimu ndipo umakhala pamalo otentha komanso ozizira kumene kutentha kumachitika pa 23 + 24 ° C.
Tsiku lirilonse, filimuyo imachotsedwa chifukwa chokwera, kuchotsa condensate ndi kuthira nthaka. Pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, mizu yachinyamata iyenera kuoneka pansi pa pepala. Kenaka zikumera zimatha kuziika miphika imodzi ndipo patapita miyezi inayi kuti idikire maluwa oyambirira.
Tuber yagawanika pa katsamba kasupe. Gawani kuti pali mphukira pa delenka iliyonse. Musaiwale kuti muzichita malo odulidwa ndi makala.
Nkhumba iliyonse imayenera kubzalidwa mumphika yomwe ili ndi masentimita 13, pamene imakula ndipo imayambira, kutentha kwake kumakhala koyenera.
Kwa kubereka kudzera m'mbewu Mukhoza kugula zinthu mu sitolo yapadera, ndipo mungathe, ngati chomeracho chili kale m'nyumba, sungani nokha. Pamapeto pake, panthawi ya maluwa ayenera kuyipitsa mungu. Yembekezerani kuti mbewu zakula mukamaliza kupanga bokosi idzatenga miyezi iwiri. Mbewu imafesedwa mu February, kufalikira pamwamba pa mchenga wothira ndi nthaka ya peat. Ndiye kufesa kumatsekedwa ndi filimu ndikuyika malo otentha.
Kubwera kudzafunika kuwunikira ndi kutuluka tsiku lililonse kwa theka la ora. Mphukira yoyamba iyenera kuonekera masabata awiri. Ndi maonekedwe awo, wowonjezera kutentha amachotsedwa, mphika umasamutsidwa ku malo owala. Tsamba limodzi kapena awiri enieni akawoneka pa mbande, amalowa m'miphika yosiyana. Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, zomera ziyenera kuphuka.
Gloxinia zosiyanasiyana "Yesenia" - matenda aakulu ndi tizirombo
Gloxinia imakhala yotchuka komanso matenda enaake.
Masamba achikasu amasonyeza kuchepa, kutentha kwakukulu, kuwonjezera pa feteleza. Mabala a Brown amaonekera pa masamba kutentha kwa dzuwa. Anganenanso kuti chomera chimakhala chozizira kwambiri, makamaka pambuyo kuthirira, kapena kuthirira madzi ozizira kwambiri. Masamba amataya mawonekedwe awo abwino komanso ali ndi dampness. Mmerawo ukhoza kutengeka kwambiri.
Ngati inu mukuphwanya zikhalidwe za kundende zingawonekere powdery mildew kapena imvi zowola pa maluwa ndi masamba. Zikatero, kuthirira kwaimika kwa kanthaŵi, mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimachotsedwa, ndipo nthaka imathandizidwa ndi systemic fungicide. Izi ndizo matenda a gloxinia, ndipo mankhwala awo amachitika ndi njira zoyenera.
Koma nthawi zina zomera zooneka ngati zathanzi zimakana kuphulika. Izi zikuwonetsa zolakwika zake: Panthawi yopuma yomwe idasungidwa pamalo otentha ndi owuma, obzalidwa m'nthaka yolakwika, yowonjezera ndi feteleza a nayitrogeni, sanapereke malo okwanira okwanira, chinyezi.
Ponena za tizirombo, mbewuyo imakhala ndi vuto. nsabwe za m'masamba, nematodes, whiteflies, nthata za kangaude, mealybugs, thrips. Ndibwino kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda motsutsana nawo, koma zomwe sizichititsa kuti ziwotchedwe pamasamba. Komanso, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera, osati kutsuka njira zothetsera vutoli, popeza masambawo ali ndi masamba.
Gloxinia "Yesenia" - mmodzi mwa okonzeka kwambiri a mtundu wa terry mitundu iyi. Madzi akuya amavutitsa maluwa ake samasiya aliyense wolima. Kuonjezerapo, mumusamalire ndikuchulukitsa mosavuta. Ndikofunika kuti musalole chinyezi kuti chikhale chochepa mu nthaka ndikupatsani chomera chokwanira chokwanira.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, amafunika kuonetsetsa kuti apuma mokwanira, kuchotsa zitsulo zapansi pa nthaka ndikuchotsa mphika pamalo ozizira. Pambuyo pa kuzizira mu kasupe, maluwawo adzakondwera nthawi yaitali ndi masamba ambiri okongola.
