Shrub chrysanthemum ndi chokongoletsera chenicheni cha nyumba zambiri, koma kuti musunge zokongoletsa zachikhalidwecho, muyenera kusankha mitundu molingana ndi nyengo ndi malo omwe mumalimamo, komanso muziyang'anira malamulo obzala komanso kusamalira dimba kapena chomera chamkati.
Zambiri za kukula kwa ch bushs chrysanthemums ngati chikhalidwe chosatha chamunda
Bry chrysanthemum amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri, chiwerengero chonse chomwe tsopano chimaposa zikwi khumi. Onsewa amasiyanasiyana munthawi ya maluwa, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosankha malo okongola a chilimwe komanso yophukira. Mukakonzekera kubzala zokongoletsera, kutalika ndi kutalika kwa tchire kuyenera kukumbukiridwa.
Shrub chrysanthemums zimamasuka ngakhale maluwa ambiri atayamba kale kutuluka chisanu woyamba
Ndikofunika kubzala mitundu yayitali pafupi ndi mbewu zazitali bwino, komanso kwa mbewu zosaphika, mbewu zazing'ono zimasankhidwa mwa oyandikana nawo.
Mtundu wamtchire wa chrysanthemums uli ndi mitundu yopitilira 650 yomwe imasiyana nthawi yamaluwa, kapangidwe, kukula, komanso mtundu, kukula kwa inflorescence
Mitundu ya shrub ya chrysanthemum imakhala yamitundu yachilengedwe ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe.
Ngakhale olima odziwa zamaluwa amadabwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma chrysanthemums, mitundu ndi mitundu yawo
Kutchire, chikhalidwe chokongoletsera chimatulutsa nthawi yayitali komanso zambiri, nthawi zambiri kwa miyezi iwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Zovala zokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira wa chrysanthemums zimawonjezera zonunkhira pazopangidwazo, zomwe mungagawe gawo kukhala zidutswa zingapo kapena kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya maluwa kukhala amodzi
Kuyamba kwamaluwa ndi kutalika kwake zimadalira mawonekedwe amitundu ndi gawo la kulimidwa.
Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a tchire ndi maluwa a chrysanthemums amasiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, motero sizingakhale zovuta kusankha mitundu yamaluwa aliwonse maluwa - kuchokera kutsogolo komanso mosamalitsa kuti ayandikane ndi zachilengedwe
Mitundu yamtchire chrysanthemum imasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yamitundumitundu ndipo imadziwika ndi tchire lowoneka bwino lomwe limapangidwa ndikudulira ndikubzala mitundu yokhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri. Mphukira zambiri zokhala ndi masamba osema zimakhala ngati mtundu wobiriwira wamaluwa ophuka maluwa pamwamba pa mphukira. "Kunyumba" chrysanthemums pachimake mu chirimwe ndi nthawi yophukira.
Ma chrysanthemums otayika amatha kubzala panthaka, koma adzafunika kukumba ndikuwasamutsa m'miphika yozizira
Shrub mitundu chrysanthemum imasinthidwa bwino kuti ikule pa khonde, loggia kapena malo otetezedwa. Amayimilidwa ndi mitundu yokhazikika, yozungulira, komanso ya squat komanso kufalitsa mitundu. Maluwa nthawi yayitali amatenga zaka khumi zapitazo komanso nthawi yonse yophukira, mpaka nyengo yozizira ikayamba.
Chrysanthemum imadziwika kuti ndi mfumukazi ya nthawi yophukira kwa maluwa ataliatali komanso opitilira maluwa
Gawo lofunika la mitundu yotchuka yoberekedwa ndi obereketsa aku Dutch, India, Japan ndi Korea. Mitundu yama India imakonda kutentha, motero ndioyenera kukula m'malo otsekedwa.
Chrysanthemum ku India nthawi zambiri imamera m'nyumba m'nthaka
Mitundu ya Dutch ndi Japan imakulanso nyengo yochepa ndipo imafunikiranso chisamaliro chokwanira.
Zosangalatsa zokongola za chrysanthemums zimayimira chisangalalo, kuchuluka, nthawi yayitali
Mitundu yaku Korea ndi yolimba kwambiri. Amakhala mizu yabwino m'malo olima, nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yayitali. Gawo lamadera ambiri a Russia, mitundu yaku Korea ya chrysanthemums imakulidwa, ndipo kum'mwera pafupifupi mitundu yonse yaokonda kutentha ingabzalidwe.
Mizu ya ma chrysanthemums aku Korea ndi amphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa mitundu yambiri imatha nthawi yozizira pogona popanda malo
Zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe achidule a mitundu yotchuka
Kusankha ma chrysanthemums oyenera kwambiri m'munda mwanu, muyenera kudziwa mitundu yambiri yotchuka ndi wamaluwa.
Minx
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 60-70. Mtundu wa maluwa nthenga ndi wamtali masentimita 5-6 - wofiirira kapena burgundy. Limamasaka mu Seputembala.
"Minx" - mitundu yambiri yaku Korea ya chrysanthemums
Alice
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 35 mpaka 40. Mtundu wa maluwa owirikiza kawiri masentimita awiri ndi wachikasu. Limamasaka mu Ogasiti.
Sizodabwitsa kuti chrysanthemum yamitundu iyi imatchedwa "duwa lagolide"
Bacardi
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 50. Utoto wamaluwa osavuta masentimita 7 cm ungakhale woyera, wa pinki, wachikasu wokhala ndi pakati pakatikati. Limamasula mu Seputembala onse.
Chrysanthemum "Bacardi" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa, chifukwa ali ndi tsinde lolimba komanso inflorescence yamphamvu.
Wotchuka
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 70-90. Mtundu wa duwa losavuta wokhala ndi masentimita 3-4 ndi wachikasu. Limamasaka mu Seputembala ndi Okutobala.
Chikondwerero ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino mu gawo la chikrysanthemum; mtundu wa ma petals ndi dzuwa wachikasu wokhala ndi pakati
Saba
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi pafupifupi masentimita 70. Mtundu wa duwa losavuta kukhala ndi mainchesi 7-10 cm ndi pinki kapena lofiirira. Limamasaka mu Seputembala.
Chrysanthemum Saba imasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba obiriwira, oyera kapena oyera burgundy inflorescence okhala ndi pamatumba a tubular
Lolipop
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi 40-50 cm.Maluwa a pinki owoneka bwino kwambiri komanso awiri mwake masentimita 6.7. Maluwa mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala.
Duwa la Lolipop chrysanthemum ndilopangika, ma inflorescence ali ndi fungo labwino lomwe lili ndi udzu
Reagan
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 75-90. Mtundu wa duwa looneka ngati supuni wokhala ndi mulifupi mwake wa masentimita 7000 ndi lalanje, pinki kapena ofiira wokhala ndi pakati wachikasu. Limamasula mu Ogasiti ndi Seputembala.
Pesi la Reagan chrysanthemum ndilamphamvu kwambiri, masamba ndiwotota, obiriwira okhazikika, mawonekedwe okhazikika mumphika ndi okwera - mpaka masiku 20
Mona Lisa
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 150-170. Mtundu wa duwa ndi wamtali masentimita 6-8 - lilac-pinki, oyera kapena ndimu wokhala ndi maziko okongola obiriwira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa mochedwa.
Palery chantsanthemum yautoto yosiyanasiyana "Mona Lisa" imakhala chitsamba chachikulu chomwe chili ndi maluwa ambiri ang'ono
Baltic (Zembla)
Kutalika kwa tchire ndi masentimita 65-85. Maluwa ndi oyera, achikaso, apinki komanso obiriwira. Limamasula kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Okutobala.
Baltika ndiwopambana pakati pa olima dimba; maluwa oterewa ndi oyenera kukhala ndi maluwa komanso mapangidwe ake
Njira zopangira
Bush chrysanthemums itha kukhala yofesedwa pofesa mbewu, kubzala kudula, komanso kugawa chomera. Dothi lodzala liyenera kukhala lopatsa thanzi komanso lotayirira, lokhala ndi zotungira zabwino.
Ngati pali dothi lolemera m'munda wamaluwa pamalopo, kulima koyambirira kumakakamizidwa ndikukhazikitsa feteleza okwanira. Kupanda kutero, pali kukula kwachikhalidwe chokongoletsera komanso kuzizira kwa tchire m'nyengo yozizira.
Kulima mbewu
Kubzala kolondola mu Januwale kumalola mbande kukula, kulimba ndi kuphuka mchaka choyamba cha kulima.
- Mbewu zachikhalidwe chokongoletsera sizimamizidwa pansi, chifukwa chake, kufesa kwawo kumachitika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyenera kulembedwa.
Kuti tikule ma chrysanthemums kuchokera ku mbewu, chidebe timafunikira, pansi pomwe miyala, dongo lokwanitsidwa kapena china chilichonse chimayikidwa ngati ngalande
- Kutentha kumera kumakhalabe pakati pa 17-18 ° C, ndipo zophukira zoyambirira zimatuluka patatha milungu ingapo. Mbande zamphamvu zimalowa pansi mwachangu m'matanki amtundu wokwanira, odzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza ndi thanzi.
Dothi la mbande liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, kotero liyenera kutsanulidwa mwadongosolo kuchokera ku mfuti yothira kuti lisamalizike
- Zomera zobzalidwa m'minda ya maluwa kuyambira Meyi mpaka pakati pa Juni. Tizikumbukira kuti tchire lomwe lalimidwa kuchokera kumbewu limapanga bwino maluwa omwe alibe fanizo lakunja.
Chrysanthemum ibzalidwe pamalo opanda mitambo mutabzala, kutsina chitsamba, kufupikitsa tsinde lonse, ndikutsinanso patapita milungu itatu mutabzala
Kudzala Chrysanthemum Kudula
- Mitundu yonse ya chrysanthemums ndiyosavuta kudula. Njira yobala iyi ndi yotchuka komanso yosavuta. Kwa odulidwa, muzu wokhwima bwino komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito bwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito, womwe umayenera kukhala ndi ma infode pafupifupi 2-3.
Mapulogalamu olembetsedwa omwe ndi ovuta kuzika mizu komanso ofewa kwambiri omwe amatha kuwola sayenera kulunzanitsa.
- Mizu imachitika munthaka yophatikiza, kuphatikiza magawo angapo a dothi lachonde, gawo limodzi la humus ndi theka la mchenga wapakatikati. Zodulidwa zimazamitsidwa ndi 25-30 mm ndipo zimasungidwa pa kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C. Kuti pakhale nyentchuli yokwera pamwamba pa thanki yomalizira, "dome" ya polyethylene imapangidwadi kuti ipatse mpweya chinyezi. Pakatha milungu ingapo, mbewu zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa yankho laofooka la feteleza "Wabwino" kapena "Utawaleza".
Musanabzale, kudula kotsalira kwa shank kumakhala kothinitsidwa bwino mu yankho lomwe limathandizira kukula kwa mizu
- Patatha milungu inayi mutayamba kuzika mizu, mizu yamphamvu imamera pamadulidwewo, ndipo mbewu zatsopano zimabzyala pamabedi a maluwa ozungulira Meyi-Juni. Maluwa a maluwa obzala ayenera kuyalidwa bwino ndi dzuwa, oyimiriridwa ndi michere ndi nthaka yovomerezeka. Mitundu yonse yamtunduwu imabzalidwa mchaka chokha, koma zipatso zosatha zimabzalidwe nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira.
Mu sabata yoyamba pambuyo poti zodulidwazo zibzalidwe, mpweya wambiri ndi dothi ndizofunikira kwambiri
Kubalana mwa kugawa chitsamba
Zovuta za agrotechnics za shrub chrysanthemums zimaphatikizapo kufunikira kukumba chomera zaka zitatu zilizonse, kuzigawa m'magawo ndi kubzala, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuchepa kwa zokongoletsa zachikhalidwe. Kuphwanya lamuloli kumapangitsa tchire kukhala losowika komanso maluwa ochepa.
Chomera chimakumba mosamala kuti chisavulaze mizu, ndipo ngati pali mphukira zazitali kwambiri, zimadulidwa.
Mbewu imakumbidwa mosamala, mizu imamasulidwa ku dothi, mphukira zakale zimachotsedwa, pambuyo pake nthambi zatsopano zimasiyanitsidwa ndikuwabzala m'maenje okonzekera omwe ali pamtunda wamtunda wamtunda wina ndi mnzake. Mwambowu umachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa Ogasiti.
Kusamalira m'munda kuyambira nthawi yobzala panja mpaka kugwa
Shrub chrysanthemum ndiwofatsa, koma chisamaliro chokhacho chokhacho chimakupatsani mwayi kuti mbewu iyi yokongoletsa ikhale yabwino komanso yotulutsa maluwa yayitali. Njira zazikulu, zoyenera zomwe zimayenera kuperekedwa ku chrysanthemum zimaphatikizapo kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba komanso kudulira.
Momwe mungasamalire pa kukula ndi maluwa: kuthirira, feteleza, kudulira
Ma Chrysanthemums ndi amitundu yokongoletsera yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi maola ochepa masana, koma kuti maluwa ambiri azitha, ndiyofunikira kupereka kuwala. Akakulidwa m'maluwa amkati, maluwa kapena poto wokhala ndi chomera amaika pazenera la kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Chinyezi cha mpweya chimaperekedwanso pamlingo wa 40-50%.
Ma Chrysanthemums omwe amabzala kunyumba safuna kuti azisamalira, kukula bwino, pachimake kwambiri komanso kubereka mosavuta
Kuwaza gawo la mlengalenga kumachitika makamaka mchilimwe. Ngakhale kuti chrysanthemums amalimbana ndi chilala, njira zothirira zimachitika nthawi zonse, koma osati zochulukirapo. Kusintha kwa nthaka ndikumatha madziwo akauma. Pothirira, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kutenthetsa dzuwa ndikukhazikitsa madzi.
Ngati mumabzala ma chrysanthemums amitundu yosiyanasiyana, yoyenera mtundu wa inflorescence, mumphika umodzi, ndiye nthawi yamaluwa amawoneka owoneka bwino kwambiri
Chrysanthemums amayankha bwino pakuvala kwakanthawi kokwanira, ndipo pakukula kwamaluwa ambiri, chomera choterocho chimayenera kupereka dothi lokhala ndi humus ndi mchere. Kwa koyamba kudya mutabzala m'malo okhazikika, organics ndi kuwonjezera kwa superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika masabata angapo pambuyo pa kukula. Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chimayambitsidwa pa nthawi ya mapangidwe a Mphukira ndipo chiyenera kukhala ndi g g ya potaziyamu ndi 25 g wa phosphorous.
Mavalidwe apamwamba akuyenera kuyamba masiku 10 atatuluka
Kudina ndi kudulira kumayambitsa kupangika kwa nthambi zatsopano zouma pakanusi rysanthemum, komanso zimakhudza kukula kwa mizu. Mitundu yamitundu yaying'ono imatha kumanikizika pamwamba pa tsamba lachisanu, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi woloveka korona wokongola. Kupanga inflorescence zazikulu ndi zokongola, mphukira zammbali zonse zimadulidwa, komanso masamba onse, kupatula wamkulu.
Kusamalira pambuyo maluwa. Momwe mungakonzekere chomera nyengo yachisanu
Kukonzekera kwa chrysanthemums kwa chisanu bwino mu zigawo zambiri kuyenera kuyamba kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena Seputembala. Potseguka kum'mwera, kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, kudulira mutatulutsa maluwa kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15 pamwamba pamtunda, kumera ndikukula ndi masamba owuma. Monga mulch, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi za spruce kapena udzu wouma.
Mulching - kuphimba dothi ndi mulch kuteteza ndi kukonza malo ake; udindo wa mulch mutha kuchitidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo: udzu, lapnik, khungwa, mchenga
Mitundu yosakwanira yozizira-yolimba yayikulu-yosungunuka ndi ma hybrids aku Europe kuti azisungidwa nthawi yozizira imakumbidwa pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dothi, kenako ndikuyika mabokosi amtengo omwe amaikidwa mchipinda chowala pamtunda wa 2-6 ° C ndi chinyezi cha mpweya mumtunda wa 75-85%. Masewera apadziko lapansi ayenera kumunyowetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Komanso, kusunga chrysanthemums mu chapansi kapena cellar kumapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Ngati muli ndi chisankho komwe mungasungire chrysanthemums nthawi yozizira, perekani chidwi ndi chipinda chowala. Amakhulupirira kuti popanda kuwala panthawi yachisanu, chrysanthemum imatha, imakhala yotuwa komanso yopanda mphamvu
Zomera zakunyumba mutatha maluwa ziyeneranso kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Mphukira zouma zimachotsedwa, ndipo nthambi zonse zowuma ndi zowonongeka zimadulidwa. Pafupipafupi madzi othirira amatsitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, kenako mumphika womwe uli ndi chomeracho umayikidwa pamalo abwino, koma wopanda chinyezi komanso kukonzekera. Munthawi imeneyi, chikhalidwe chokongoletsera chamkati sichimamwe madzi, chimasungidwa popanda feteleza kutentha kwa 5 ° C. Chapakatikati, chomeracho chimasinthidwa. Maluwa asanafike maluwa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni pakuvala kwapamwamba, ndipo panthawi ya maluwa, mapangidwe a nitrate amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati ingachepetse kuphukira kwa masika, chomeracho chikhala champhamvu kwambiri ndipo chimawoneka chosafunikira
Kanema wa Kukula kwa maluwa: Malangizo Akatswiri
Kodi ndimaluwa otani omwe amakula
Ngakhale chrysanthemums imakhala yotupa kwambiri komanso yolimbana ndi matenda ambiri komanso majeremusi azomera, olima minda ambiri ali ndi zovuta ndi kulima chikhalidwe chokongoletsa ichi.
Gome 1: Matenda ndi Tizilombo ta Bush Chrysanthemums
| Matendawa | Zizindikiro | Njira zoyendetsera |
| Dzimbiri loyera | Maonekedwe a mawonekedwe achikasu achikasu pazitsamba, zomwe pamapeto pake zimasanduka zofiirira | Kuchotsa madera omwe akhudzidwa ndi mbewu ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides |
| Gray zowola | Maonekedwe amtundu wa bulauni pamiyala, pambuyo pake idafalikira m'mbali zonse za mlengalenga | Kukhathamiritsa kwa kukula kwa mikhalidwe, kuchotsera mbali zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi mbewuyo ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides |
| Septoria, kapena masamba owonekera | Chomera chimafooka, masamba amasanduka achikasu, mawanga okhala ndi fungcnids amawonekera | Kuwaza ndi mkuwa chloride kapena Bordeaux |
| Powdery mildew | Mapangidwe pa duwa ndi masamba a spore yoyera amafa ndikusowa kashiamu m'nthaka, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni komanso kutentha kwambiri | Kudula kwapamwamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi msuzi wamkuwa wa sopo kapena sopo ndi phulusa la sopo |
| Greenhouse aphid | Masamba ake ndi opunduka, koma masamba sawonekera | Kufufuza ndi Bi-58 New, Aktellik kapena Karate |
| Brown chrysanthemum aphid | Masamba owonongeka ndi chimbudzi ndi mphutsi | Kufufuza ndi Bi-58 New, Aktellik kapena Karate |
| Spider nthata | Tsambalo limakutidwa ndi masamba, limasanduka chikaso ndikuuma, pambuyo pake limagwa | Chithandizo cha Actellik ndi Fitoverm |
| Kupita kwa nsikidzi | Udzu umafota ndipo kumatupa; maluwa sapezeka | Chithandizo ndi Actellic kapena Karate |
Makamaka chidwi chimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza moyenera. Kuchulukana kwa dothi ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumapangitsa kuti chomera chitsegule, masambawo atha kutayika ndipo masamba amatha. Kuperewera kwa mavalidwe apamwamba oterewa kumayendera limodzi ndi kuwononga, komanso masamba akugwa, kudula maluwa. Phosphorous ndizofunikira chomera pakukula komanso nthawi yakula. Phosphate feteleza tikulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito koyambirira kwa kasupe ndi chinthu chamoyo.
Nthawi zambiri, dimba komanso chomera chamkati chimadwala, komanso pang'ono kapena kukayika kwakeka kosasamala kapena kosagwirizana ndi malamulo okonza.
Gome 2: zolakwika posamalira, mawonetsedwe awo ndi zosankha kuti athetse
| Zosintha | Zifukwa | Kuthetsa |
| Masamba akuda | Matenda oyamba ndi nkhungu, kudya mosasamala, kugwetsa kwambiri, kusayenda kwa mpweya | Kubzala mbewu, kuwona regimen yodyetsa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa 0.4% mkuwa chloroxide, 0,2% baseazole kapena 0,2% Topsin-M |
| Kupanda maluwa | Kuchekacheka, kusowa kwa dzuwa, kusadyetsa koyenera | Kukhazikika pamalopo ndikuwala kokwanira, ndikukhala zaka zitatu zilizonse, kupatsa thanzi |
| Kucha kwa gawo la mlengalenga | Kuwonongeka kwa matenda kapena tizirombo, kuthirira kosayenera | Kupewa kwamatenda, malamulo a boma la njira zothirira, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi othirira |
| Masamba achikasu komanso odabwitsa | Wotentha mizu, wotchedwa strangulation wa muzu, mkulu acidity nthaka | Kuthandiza nthaka kuchulukitsa, kupatula manyowa atsopano kuchokera pamavalidwe apamwamba, kulowererapo kwa dothi lamaluwa |
Nthawi zambiri, zipatso zamaluwa zamaluwa zimayamba kuphuka mwachangu komanso zokongoletsera zina zambiri zikutaya kale kukongola ndipo zikukonzekera holide yachisanu. Zomera, zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri kutalika kwake, kukula kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake kuthengo, sikuti ndizofunikira kwambiri kuzisamalira, koma kutsatira malamulo akukulitsa kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muzikhala wabwino komanso komanso maluwa akutali kwambiri.
