Ndi wamaluwa ochepa omwe amakana kuyeserera kukulitsa zipatso zabwino za dzuwa - mphesa pa chiwembu chawo. Kupatula apo, mipesa ya zipatso, yomwe imaphatikizapo mphesa, imakula bwino ndikubereka zipatso ngakhale mumsewu wapakati. Komabe, kuti mbewu yabwino iberekedwe, mbewuyo imafunika kupanga zinthu zabwino. Amasowa danga lakukula, kuwala kokwanira, madzi, komanso, thandizo lomwe liana lingamamalire. Mphesa trellis imalepheretsa kugulitsa mpesa ndikuchita ntchito zina zambiri zofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, zimathandizira kupanga mthunzi momwe zimafunikira, ndikungokongoletsa malowo. Phunzirani momwe mungapangire mapangidwe othandizawa ndi manja anu.
Mchitidwe wakukula kwa mphesa
Mwachikhalidwe, mphesa zimabzalidwa kumadera akumwera: apa mbewu sizifunikira pogona nyengo yozizira. Kummwera, ndi trellis sikugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, ku Central Asia ndi Middle East, mipesa imangoyikidwa panthaka. America ndi Europe amadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chosagwirizana. Nthawi zambiri ku Caucasus, mtengo waukulu umangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thandizo, pomwe mabowo a mphesa amayikidwapo.
Koma ndikupanga tekinoloje zokulitsa mabulosiwa, komanso kusintha kwa njira zodzitetezera ku chisanu, mbewuyo idayamba kufalikira kumpoto. Zothandizira zomwe zimathandizira mphamvu ya mphesa pakupala zipatso zambiri sizinaphule kanthu. Mfundo za kapangidwe kazomwe zimathandizira zimadalira zinthu zingapo.
Zachidziwikire, chomera chaching'onochi sichifunikira mitengo yayikulu, koma chiyenera kubzalidwe kale poganiza kuti kapangidwe kake kali ndi malo okwanira
Kuphatikiza kuchokera:
- njira zobweretsera;
- mbewu zamtundu;
- matekinoloje adagwiritsa ntchito kudulira.
Popeza izi zimachitika, amasankha ma tremu oyenerera.
Ngati mphesa zibzalidwe pamalopo, sizofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito trellises mwachangu, zidzakhala zokwanira kumanga zothandizira kwakanthawi. Koma ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa stationary station, sikulimbikitsidwa kumangiriza. Mu chaka chachitatu kuchokera pakubzala mbewu, mutha kuyembekezera mbewu yoyamba. Pofika nthawi ino, chitsamba chija chimayenera kupangidwa bwino, ndipo mizu yake imafikira pamlingo woyenera. Ngati kupanga kwa trellis kuyambika nthawi imeneyi, izi zitha kusokoneza mbewu.
Sankhani malo a mpesa
Tiyeneranso kumvetsetsa kuti trellis sinthawi yochepa chabe. Imayikidwa zaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake, kusankha malo a mpesa kuyenera kufikiridwa moyenera. Pezani malo aulere pamalopo, oyatsidwa bwino ndi dzuwa. Malowedwe amathandizo akuyenera kuwongoleredwa poyang'ana kum'mwera. Njira iyi imathandizira kukwaniritsa kuwunikira kwamtunduwu nthawi zonse masana.
Ma trellise awa ndi zitsanzo zazikulu zamomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito malo opanda kanthu pakati pa mizere. Monga mukuwonera, wabzalidwa pang'ono
Kusiyana pakati pa mizere sikungakhale kosakwana 2 metres. Ngati chiwembuchi chili chaching'ono ndipo tikukumana ndi ntchito yogwiritsa ntchito malo ake mokwanira momwe zingathere, kutalikirana kwa mizere kungagwiritsidwe, mwachitsanzo, kubzala masamba. Nawa kapangidwe ka trellis pamenepa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndege imodzi.
Mapangidwe Othandizira a Mpesa
Ma tapestries amabwera motengera:
- ndege imodzi;
- ndege ziwiri;
- kukongoletsa.
Ma bus akhoza kukhala paliponse pakuthandizira kwake kapena mzere, pamene mbewu zingapo zimayang'ana ku chithandizo chimodzi. Mutha kupanga mizere ingapo, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuti mumzere umodzi muyenera kukhala ndi zitsamba zamtundu umodzi wokha. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa nthawi zambiri imafuna chisamaliro chosiyanasiyana, ndipo kubzala kwapafupi kumakhala kovuta.
Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake yayikulu - kuthandizira mipesa, trellis imatha kugwira ntchito yokongoletsa. Amakongoletsa chiwembucho ndikupanga makondedwe.
Makina Awo Mapulogalamu Amodzi Oyesa
Chithandizo ichi chimatchedwa ndege imodzi chifukwa chomera chomwe chaphatikizidwa chimamera mu ndege imodzi. Mtundu wa trellis uyu ndiwosiyana, womwe tidzakambirana pang'ono pambuyo pake. Iliyonse ya mitundu yamathandizo imakhala ndi zabwino zake. Kunja, ndi mizati ingapo, pomwe waya watambasuka molunjika.
Kuti mumange trellis ya ndege imodzi simusowa kugula zinthu zambiri. Zipilala zochepa chabe ndi waya zimapereka chithandizo chodalirika
Zabwino ndi zoyipa zomanga
Uwu ndiye kapangidwe kotsika mtengo kake kosavuta kukhazikitsa. Pa iye, mbewuyo imakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira, palibe chomwe chingalepheretse kudulira kwake. Mphesa zomwe zimayikidwa mu ndege imodzi ndizosavuta kugona nyengo yachisanu. Ndipo pakati pa mizere yamathandizo mutha kumalima masamba kapena maluwa.
Komabe, ndizovuta kupanga mbeu zamphamvu zokhala ndi malaya angapo mu ndege imodzi: pali ngozi yoti kubzala kudzakulitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, malo a trellis samalola kuyika mipesa yambiri.
Zipangizo zofunika pantchito
Kuti mupange trellis yanu yamphesa ndi manja anu, mufunika izi:
- Zipilala
- waya.
Mapilogalamu amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo, konkriti wolimbitsa, wamatabwa. Kutalika kwa kapangidwe kamtsogolo kumatengera kutalika kwa nsanamira. Kuti mudziwe chiwembu, kutalika pamwamba pa dothi la 2 mita kumawoneka kuti ndiabwino, koma machitidwewo amakhala ndi ma trevise mpaka 3.5 metres.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo kuchokera kuzitsulo zosiyanasiyana: zitsulo, matabwa, ndi konkriti ndizoyenera kuchita izi. Ndikofunikira kuti ndizodalirika, chifukwa mapangidwe ake azigwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.
Mawaya amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pazitsulo zamagalasi m'malo mopanga mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu, chifukwa ndi zamkuwa ndi zotayidwa zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira za osaka zitsulo m'nyengo yozizira, pomwe eni ake sakhala mdziko muno. Makulidwe opitilira waya ndi 2-3 mm.
Timapanga trellis ya ndege imodzi
Trellis ya ndege imodzi imayenera kukonzedwa mu mzere ndi gawo la mamita 4-6. Popeza katundu wamkulu azikhala kumayambiriro ndi kumapeto kwa mzerewu, ndizothandizira izi kuti mizati yolimba kwambiri imasankhidwa. Kudalirika kowonjezereka kudzapatsidwa kwa iwo ndi zowonjezera za waya kapena otsetsereka, kulola kuti agawenso katundu.
Mapilara mu mzere akhoza kukhala ndi mainchesi 8-10, koma ndibwino kuti opanga owonjezera azikhala akulu. Iyenera kukumbidwa pansi ndikuzama kupitirira theka la mita. Ngati mtengo umasankhidwa kuti ukhale mzati wa zipilalazo, malo oyumikizana ndi nkhuni pansi ayenera kutetezedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, yankho la 3-5% la sulfate yamkuwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe mzati ayenera kukhala ndi masiku 10. Izi ziteteza mawonekedwe anu kuti asawonongeke.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuthira zipilala ndi antiseptics kapena kupatsidwa ulemu kwapadera, chifukwa zakumwa zoopsa zimatha kuwononga mizu ya mphesa. Ngati mitengoyo ndi yachitsulo, gawo lawo lakumunsi liyenera kuphimbidwa ndi phula, lomwe limateteza chitsulo ku kutu.
Tikasankha kutalika kwa mapangidwewo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mitengoyo imayilitsidwa pansi ndi theka la mita, kotero kutalika kwake kuyenera kukhala kofanana kapena kukula kuposa mamilimita 2.5
Gawo lotsatira la ntchito ndikukoka waya. Ngati pali mizere ingapo, pansi kuyenera kukhala 40 cm kuchokera pansi. Masango sayenera kukhudza pansi, ndipo pansi paumambo waya sangathe kusokonekera, kotero kuti mtunda wopendekedwayo suyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Mzere wotsatira ukhoza kukokedwa kuchokera pamtunda wa 35-40 cm kuchokera kumbuyomu. Nthawi zambiri okhala chilimwe amakhala ochepa mizere itatu, ngakhale trellis yokhala ndi mizere inayi kapena isanu imawerengedwa kuti ndiyothandiza kwambiri.
Waya uyenera kukhazikitsidwa motetezeka momwe ungathere. Kutengera ndi zida za mizati, mphete za waya, misomali kapena zitsulo pazitsulo ndizoyenera kuchitira izi. Zina mwazomangamanga zothandizira ndege imodzi zitha kupezeka mu kanema:
Zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa ndege imodzi
Tikambirana mitundu ingapo yothandizira kuti isankhe yomwe ili yoyenera banja lanu.
Mutha kupanga njira ndi waya wapawiri. Chowoneka mosiyana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi njira yomangira waya. Pamitengo yayitali kwambiri, misewu yopingasa imalimbikitsidwa, yomwe waya imakokedwa. Chifukwa chake, khola limapangidwa pamodzi ndi ndege imodzi, waya womwe umakwezedwa mbali zonse kumanja ndi kumanzere.
Apa mwachisawawa, ndizotheka kupereka mawonekedwe a trellis ya ndege imodzi yokhala ndi visor. Kupezeka kwa visor kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muwonjezere gawo lothandiziralo popanda kuwonjezera kutalika kwake
Njira ina ndi trellis yokhala ndi visor. Vertical trellis imapititsa patsogolo mbali. Mawaya owonjezera angapo amakokedwa pamenepo. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kameneka, malo ogwiritsika ntchito, kuthekera kwa mpweya wabwino ndikuwunikira kumakulitsidwa, ndipo chisamaliro cha mphesa chimakhala chosavuta.
Double waya trellis, monga kapangidwe kena kalikonse, ilinso ndi otsatira ake. Kusankhidwa kwa mtundu wa chithandizo nthawi zonse kumadalira momwe zinthu zikugwiritsidwira ntchito pambuyo pake.
Mtundu wojambulidwa ndi T nawonso ndi wotchuka. Kutalika kwa zogwirizira za chithunzichi sikupita masentimita 150. Mawaya pa iwo amakhazikika awiriawiri: mizere iwiri pamizere yapamwamba ya trellis kumanja ndi kumanzere ndi mtunda wa 50 cm ndi mizere iwiri pamunsi, komanso mbali - 25 cm ya kusiyana.
Ubwino wa fanizoli ndikuti mphukira zazing'ono sizikufunika kumangidwa: zimawonekera mkati mwa khonde ndikudziyimira pawokha pazothandizira.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, kusankha komaliza ndi trellis ndi kuwonjezeka kodabwitsa. Ndi kapangidwe kameneka, chovala cha tsinde chimapangidwa kuti chithandizire. Kukula kumachepera.
Kupindaku kuli papulatifomu yapamwamba yokhala ndi mizere ingapo ya waya yomwe ili patali
Momwe mungatetezere mitundu ya chivundikiro?
Ngati mpesa watetezedwa chifukwa cha dzinja, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotchinga. Kuti muchite izi, filimu yoteteza kapena zinthu zounikira zimaponyedwa kudzera mu waya wam'munsi, ndikupanga mtundu wa niche yoteteza.
Makina a ndege imodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba mitundu ya mphesa, chifukwa ndizosavuta kuphimba mpesa pamsewu woterewu ndi njira yolumikizira
Ngati zakonzedwa kuphimba mphesa ndi masileti kapena mabasiketi, ndibwino kuti poyamba muzichotsa mizati kuchokera pansi pa mpesa ndi masentimita 40. Kenako mizu imavutikanso pang'ono mukakumba maenje pansi pazipilara, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuphimba mbewuzo.
Mphesa Zapawiri Zapulogalamu
M'mapulogalamu awiri, kuthandizira mipesa kumatha kuyikidwanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kuti mupange chithandizo choyenera cha mphesa zakudziko ndi manja anu, muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la zosankha zonse zomwe zingatheke, ndiye kuti musankhe zabwino kwambiri.
Ichi ndi ndege ziwiri zopangira ndege, zomwe zimapangidwira mitundu yosaphimba mphesa ndipo zimakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule
Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu iwiri ya trellis
Zothandizira pama ndege awiri ndi:
- Zowongolera. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimaphatikizapo ndege ziwiri zofanana zomwe zili pafupi ndi mzake.
- V. Ndege ziwiri zomwezi zimayikidwa mosadziwika bwino - ngodya wina ndi mnzake.
- Yopangidwe. Gawo lam'munsi la kapangidwe kake ndi ndege imodzi, kenako mapulanetiwo amasunthira mbali imodzi ya madigiri 45-60 wina ndi mnzake.
- Yopangidwa ndi chopindika chomwe chimapachika. Kapangidwe kake kali ngati mtundu umodzi wa ndege ndi visor, masomphenya okha ndi omwe ali pamtunda uliwonse, amawongoleredwa mbali zoyang'anizana ndi cholowera chapakati. Pansi pamapangidwewo ndi Y-mawonekedwe.
Chifukwa cha mapangidwe amphamvu kwambiri pazothandizira zoterezi, ndizotheka kukula mitundu yamtundu ndi kukula kwanthunzi. Zotsatira zake, zokolola m'gawo lililonse zimachulukirachulukira. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiza kuti masango akhale pamalo achitetezo komanso kuti asamavutike ndi dzuwa kapena mphepo.
Mapangidwe Ofanana ndi Y ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakuphatikiza kopindulitsa kwa phindu limodzi ndi trellis yama ndege awiri: imakhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso yowunikira, kukulolani kuti musunge mbewu zamphamvu zolimba
Zowonadi, kapangidwe kameneka ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa ndege imodzi. Ndipo zida zake zidzafunika zochulukirapo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyikula sikophweka. Ndipo mapangidwe awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka paz mitundu yosaphimba.
Kodi ndindani thandizo la mphesa za ndege ziwiri limapezeka mu vidiyo:
Timapanga kapangidwe ka ndege ziwiri za V
Momwe zidagwiritsidwira ntchito zidawerengedwa pamzere uliwonse wa trellis wamamita atatu. Ngati mukufuna, mutha kupanga mizere ingapo, ndikuwonjezera zochuluka zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.
Chifukwa chake tifunikira:
- Mapaipi anayi achitsulo a mita 2.5;
- mwala wosweka ndi simenti;
- Waya wamamita 30;
- zikhomo zamatanda zokuimikira;
- choko ndi muyeso wamatepi.
Kutalika kwa kapangidwe kathu kikhala mikono 3 ndipo m'lifupi mwake masentimita 80. Timalongosola makona otere m'malo osankhidwa ndi munda wamphesa. Tidzayendetsa zikhomo m'makona ake. M'malo omwe tili ndi zikhomo, muyenera kukumba mabowo. M'lifupi mwa dzenje lirilonse ndi 30cm, ndipo kuya kwake ndi 40-50cm. Tidzalowetsa mapaipi mu maenje obwera, omwe m'munsi mwake amathandizidwa ndi phula.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yathu, mapangidwe ngati amenewa a V ayenera kupezedwa. Ntchito yomanga inatenga zida zowirikiza kawiri kuposa ndege imodzi
Ndikusintha kuti m'munsi mwa nyumbayo, mtunda pakati pa mapayipi ndi 80 cm. Timagawa malekezero awo kumtunda kwa masentimita 120 kuchokera kwina. Timakonza mapaipiwo ndi miyala, kenako timathira simenti yosungunukiramo. Ntchito imatha kupitilizidwa pambuyo poti simenti yatha.
Tsopano mutha kukoka waya. Chingwe chotsikitsitsa chizikhala pamtunda wa 50-60 cm kuchokera padziko lapansi. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mphesa ndizambiri, mtunda kuchokera dothi umatha kukulitsidwa. Mizere yotsala iyenera kugawidwa 40-50cm patali. Mutha kukonza zingwe pogwiritsa ntchito mbedza zapadera. Sikuti ndikosangalatsa chabe, koma ndikodalirika.
Ngati mitengoyo ili yopangidwa ndi matabwa, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira ma waya: amathandizira kukulitsa moyo wa waya
Kukongoletsa trellis kwa mitundu yosaphimba
Ngati mitundu ya mphesa yosaphimbira ikabzala pamalopo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera za arbor, arched, chomangira uta ndi mitundu ina yokongoletsera pazolinga izi. Mutha kuwapanga kuchokera kuzipangizo zosiyanasiyana, koma njira yosavuta ndiyotengera nkhuni.
Kukongoletsa ma trellis ndi mphesa kumatha kupanga mthunzi komwe ukufunika. Koma muyenera kudikira mpaka mphesa zitakula
Momwe mungapangire trellis yotereyi imapezeka mu kanema:
Pazinthu zonse za trellis zomwe zalembedwa munkhaniyi, ndikosavuta kuyitcha imodzi yabwino kwambiri komanso yodalirika. Chisankho chilichonse chili ndi othandizira ake. Chisankho chimatengera zinthu zambiri, ndipo muyenera kuchita nokha. Tikukhulupirira kuti takupatsani chidziwitso chokwanira kuti chikhale cholakwika. Pangani trellis ndi manja anu, ndipo mphesa zimakusangalatsani ndi zokolola zambiri kwa zaka zambiri.
