Kudulira kwa masika kwa mphesa: ukadaulo ndi mawonekedwe a zigawo

Kudulira ndi gawo limodzi laukadaulo waulimi, gawo lofunikira pakulima kwa mbewuyi. Kudulira kwa masika kutsatiridwa ndi mphukira za garter kumathandizira kupangidwa kwa manja, kukhazikitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mpesa. Chifukwa cha opareshoni iyi, magawo olinganiza a gawo lapamwambapa ndi mizu ya chitsamba amapangidwa. Kudulira kumakondera kukula koyenera kwa ziwalo zodziyimira zokha za mphesa ndi zipatso zake.

Kufunika kwa kudulira mphesa mu masika

Mbali yofunika kwambiri pachikhalidwe cha mphesa ndi kuthekera kwake kubala zipatso kokha pakamphukira (mipesa) yapachaka yomwe imakula pazaka ziwiri zokha. Izi zimathandizira kudulira mphesa. Kudulira ndi ntchito nthawi yomwe masamba am'mphepete mwa mphesa amachotsedwa kuti athe kuwongolera kuchuluka ndi kutalika kwa mikono, mipesa ya zipatso, ndi katundu kuthengo ndi zipatso mphukira (maso).

Kudulira kwa mphesa pachaka, kuchitidwa mwaluso komanso munthawi yake, kumakupatsani:

• sinthani makulidwe ndi kutukuka kwa chitsamba;
• yendetsani zokolola, kukula ndi mtundu wa zipatso;
• Tetezani mphesa pakukula kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa chitsamba komanso mpweya wabwino;
• imapereka mwayi pakusamalira mphesa;
• amalimbikitsa kukonzanso mbewu.

Madeti Okonzera

Masika amatengedwa kuti ndi nthawi yoyenera kudulira tchire ta mpesa. Mphukira zatsopano zomwe zidapangidwa panthawiyi, nthawi ya kukula isanathe, khalani ndi nthawi yakukula komanso kukhwima, kukwaniritsa kupezeka kwa matabwa osatha a zipatso ndikuwatsimikizira kuti nyengo yabwino yozizira ikhale mphesa.

Masamba akuluakulu omwe adalowa mu nthawi ya zipatso amatha kudulidwa onse mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatengera mitundu (yophimba kapena yosaphimba) ndi dera lomwe likukula. Mulimonsemo, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa panthawi yanyengo yazomera, nyengo isanayambe. Kwa mphesa zosagwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe chokhala ndi chisanu chambiri chifukwa cha tchire, ndikofunika kuyamba kudulira kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira (masabata awiri atatha tsamba kugwa) ndikupitiliza mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pomwe kutuluka kumayambira. Kuchepetsa mphamvu zake kukuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya pansi pa madigiri asanu.

Kuphimba mitundu ya mphesa, kudulira kumachitika m'magawo awiri:

1. Koyamba (yophukira) - isanayambike nyengo yozizira komanso pogona la chisanu. Kudulira kumachitika pa mtengo wokhwima kuti apange maulalo azipatso za zipatso za chaka chamawa.
2. Yaikulu (kasupe) - mutatsegula tchire kumayambiriro kwa masika, musanaphuke. Mukudulira, kuchuluka kwa zipatso (maso) otsimikizika kumatsimikizika.

Pakudulira kwamasika, mbali zonse zowonongeka za chitsamba, mphukira zopanda mphamvu ndi mafuta, mikono yayitali yopanda mitengo yazipatso imachotsedwa.

Kanema: liti kuti muzidulira mphesa, kusankha mitengo ya mpesa

Technology ya kasupe kudulira mphesa

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodulira mphesa nthawi yamasika ndi chilimwe:

• kudulira kuti apange chitsamba - chochitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pa masamba osatsimikizika;
• chidutswa cha mphukira zobiriwira - zimakuthandizani kuti musinthe katundu wa chitsamba ndi masamba (maso) ndikuwongolera momwe mungapangire mphesa (kuwala ndi kuwulutsa);
• stepsonovka - opaleshoni yochotsa (kufupikitsa) mphukira yachiwiri kuti achepetse kukula kwa mpesa, zimapangitsa kuyendetsa bwino zakudya za chitsamba panthawi yamasamba akhama;
• kutsina - kudina nthambi za masamba ophukira kuti achepetse kukula kwawo ndi kupewa kukhetsa maluwa (zimachitika makamaka pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa).

Kuti mudulira bwino chitsamba cha mpesa, muyenera kudziwa kapangidwe ka mphukira za zipatso (mipesa). Kuphatikizika ndi mawonekedwe a mpesa: muvi wazipatso ndi mfundo yofunika kuloza zipatso. Ndikudulira chitsamba polumikizira chipatso chomwe ndi chosavuta kwambiri komanso chofala kwambiri pa mitengo yodulira.

Mkuyu. 1. Mutadulira masika, cholumikizira cha zipatso chimakhala ndi: mfundo - yolowa m'malo, b - muvi wazipatso. Mkuyu. 2. Mbande zamipesa zimadulidwa kumayambiriro kwamasika, ndikupanga cholumikizira chatsopano (mivi imawonetsa gawo la mphukira)

Muvi wazipatso ndi mpesa wosemedwa m'maso sikisi kapena isanu ndi itatu, pomwe mbewu yotsatira ikapangidwa. Choyimira cholowa ndi chowombera pachaka, kudula m'maso awiri kapena atatu ndipo chimakhala panja pokhudza ulemu pakati pa chitsamba. Imasiyidwa pafupi ndi dzanja lalikulu kapena tsinde momwe mungathere. Kuchokera pa mphukira iyi chaka chamawa kulumikizana kwatsopano. Ngati owombera zipatso sanakwatire kapena mphesa zamtunduwu zimakhala zochepa, mivi iwiri ndi mfundo imodzi yotsalira ikadulidwa. Ulalo wazipatso uwu umatchedwa kuti wokhazikika. Muvi wobala zipatso umadulidwa, ndikusintha ndi ulalo watsopano wachipatso.

Chofunika: mukakonza mfundo yoti ilowe m'malo, chovalacho chikuyenera kuchitika mosadukiza kuti pamwamba pake pamalowo pamakhala mpirawo.

Vidiyo: kudulira mphesa kumphatso yazipatso

Kudulira chitsamba champhesa

Monga lamulo, mphesa zimayamba kubala zipatso mchaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi mutabzala m'malo okhazikika. Koma mukamakula bwino, mutha kupeza mbewu mchaka chachiwiri. M'zaka zitatu kapena zinayi zoyambirira, mmera umapangidwa ndikudulira. Kufunika kwa ntchitoyi ndikuti ikapanga, maziko a chitsamba chamtsogolo amayala - mikono yake, yomwe imathandizira pophukira zipatso, opanga madzi, mchere ndi pulasitiki komanso malo opezeka. Musanagwire ntchito podulira chomera chambiri, muyenera kuphunzira za mitundu yayikulu ya kapangidwe ka mphesa ndi mawonekedwe ake. Kutengera nyengo yamaderawo komanso mtundu wachikhalidwe (chophimba kapena chosaphimba), mitundu ingapo ya mapangidwe imasiyanitsidwa: osakhala muyezo, wokhazikika, arched (arbor).

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Zitsanzo za Kusintha kwa Mabasi A Vine

Kwa oyambitsa vinyo woyamba, mapangidwe a Guyot ndi mawonekedwe ambiri osagwedeza opanda chidwi ali ndi chidwi, chifukwa chosavuta komanso chothandiza kwambiri kwa mitundu yonse ya mphesa.

Kupangidwe kwa mphesa malinga ndi dongosolo la Guyot

Mapangidwe amtunduwu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pophimba mitundu, monga mwakutero, ndikosavuta kuchotsa malaya ku trellis, ndikuwapunthira pansi ndikukhazikika nthawi yachisanu.

Njira yodulira chitsamba molingana ndi dongosolo la Guyot ndi motere:

1. Chapakatikati, mmera wamphesa wobzalidwa umadulidwa mpaka 15-20 masentimita kuchokera pansi, kusiya masamba awiri kapena atatu omwe amaphukira kwambiri. Ngati nyengo yabwino idapangidwa mchaka choyamba cha masamba, pofika nthawi yophukira 2-4 itakhazikika bwino, mphukira zokhwima ndi mainchesi 6 mm pakatikati ndi kutalika kwa 1 mita kukula pamenepo.
   

   M'dzinja la chaka choyamba, manja awiri amtsogolo amapangika kumera
2. Mukugwa, mphukira zimadulidwa: imodzi kwa masamba anayi, yachiwiri kwa awiri. Mphukira za chaka choyamba ndi zovala zamtsogolo za mitengo ya mphesa. Kudulira kuyenera kuchitika osati pafupi ndi impso, koma kuthandizira masentimita 2-3. Kwa dzinja, mphukira zimachotsedwa mu trellis ndikuphimbidwa.
3. Mu kasupe wa chaka chachiwiri pambuyo pogula chakudya kuchokera kunyumba, mphukira zimamangiriridwa ndi waya pansi pakona madigiri 45, ndikuwatsogolera mbali zotsutsana. Mphukira zisanu ndi imodzi zotumphuka zimamera kuchokera m'maso nthawi yakula. Ngati mphukira ndi zoonda (zosakwana 7 mm), ndiye kuti mphukira zonse zinayi zosankhidwa zimadulidwa kukhala masamba awiri kapena atatu. Woonda akuwonetsa kuti chitsamba sichinakonzekere kuphuka. Ngati makulidwe a mphukira ndi oposa 7 mm, ndiye kuti mutha kuchita kudulira kwa zipatso.
   

   M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo, zipatso zimalumikiza mawonekedwe a nthambi zanthete

4. Mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi tsindeyo imadula masamba atatu (awa azikhala malembedwe), ndipo mphukira zotalikirapo zimadulidwa kukhala masamba 4 - 7 (awa ndi mivi yazipatso). Chifukwa chake, magawo awiri az zipatso amapezeka. Mphukira zowonjezera zimachotsedwa.
5. Chapakatikati pa chaka chachitatu, mivi yazipatso imamangirizidwa mozungulira ndi waya wam'munsi wa trellis. Mipesa yobala zipatso yomwe imamera kuchokera kumaso nthawi yachilimwe imamangirizidwa ndi waya wachiwiri ndi wachitatu, motsatana. Pofuna kuti asadzaze chitsamba ndi maso, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe amapanga zidutswa zake, ndikusiya masamba atatu kapena anayi apamwamba.
   

   Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu timapeza chitsamba cha mikono inayi, chokonzekera kuphuka
6. Mukugwa kwa chaka cha 3 mutakolola, mipesa yambiri imadulidwa. Pa mphukira ziwirizi zomwe zimamera pachinthu chilichonse chamalo, zimapangidwa zatsopano. Pankhaniyi, mphukira wapamwamba uyenera kudulidwa ngati muvi wa zipatso, ndi wotsikirapo - ngati mfundo yatsopano.
7. M'zaka zonse zotsatira, kudulira mitengo ya mphesa ndi chimodzimodzi.

Potola kulumikizano ku chipatso, muyenera kusankha mphukira zopangidwa bwino kwambiri. Mipesa yokhala ndi makulidwe akulu kwambiri imatha kudulidwa kwakutali kuposa oyonda (ndi 8-10 maso). Pali nthawi zina pomwe mphukira imodzi yokha imamera pamtengo. Iyenera kupendekeka ndi mtundu wa mfundo zolowa m'malo, i.e. awiri kapena atatu maso. Mwanjira iyi, mphukira yolimba kwambiri pamtengo wa chaka chatha ntchito kupanga mphukira.

Pakadulira nthambi, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti muvi wa zipatso nthawi zonse umakhala wapamwamba, ndipo mfundo yolowererapo ndiyotsika pakatikati pa chitsamba.

Mapangidwe opanda mphesa

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malaya a chitsamba cha mphesa kumachitika magawo angapo ndipo zimatengera mtundu wa mapangidwe: osakhazikika kapena muyezo. Ndi mapangidwe osakhwima, malaya amakula mwachindunji kuchokera kumutu wa chitsamba. Chiwerengero cha maluso pachitsamba chimodzi chimasiyana kuchokera awiri kapena eyiti. Koma njira yabwino kwambiri ndiyopangidwa ndi manja awiri kapena anayi. Ochulukira kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe osakhwima a mipendero yayikulu kwambiri monga zimakupiza, mbali imodzi ya zimphona ndi chingwe. Mfundo za kapangidwe kazinthu zopangira zipatso zamtunduwu ndizomwe zimapangidwira ndizofanana ndi Guyot.

Kupanga kwa zimakupiza zidatenga dzina lake kuchokera pakupangidwe kwamanja a mphesa mu ndege ya trellis mwa zimakupiza. Mukudulira ndikulitsa tchire, mphukira imayikidwa pamiyeso yosiyanasiyana pamawaya a trellis, kuyambira kuchokera kutsika kwambiri.

Mapangidwe amakono amiyendo inayi ya mmera wachichepere wapatsidwa pansipa.

Zotsatira zake za kudulira kwam'madzi pachaka cha 4 chaka chamoyo, chitsamba chamiyendo inayi chimapangidwa

1. M'ngululu ya chaka choyamba, tsinde limafupikitsidwa pambewu pachaka, kusiya awiri kapena atatu amaso otsika. Mphukira zomwe zakula pamwamba pa chilimwe zigwada pansi ndi pogona nyengo yachisanu.
2. Mphukira ziwiri zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zidamera mmera mchaka choyamba cha masamba ndikupezeka pansi mozama, mchaka cha chaka chachiwiri, chimadulidwa m'maso atatu aliyense, ena onse amachotsedwa.
3. Mphukira zinayi kapena zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zapanga chilimwe zimamangiriridwa ndi waya trellis symmetrically mbali zosiyanasiyana. Mu yophukira, mphukira zimachotsedwa mu trellis ndikuphimbidwa.
4. Mu kasupe wa chaka chachitatu, mipesa inayi yabwino kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga manja. Kuti tichite izi, mutatha kudulira 0,4-0.6 m, mphukira zimayikidwa mbali ziwiri motsutsana mwa chimphona ndikumangiriridwa ndi waya mosayang'anira. Maso otsala amang'ambika, kusiya awiri kapena atatu apamwamba. Chifukwa chake, mikono inayi imapangidwa pachitsamba.
5. Kumapeto kwa chovala chilichonse kumapeto kwa chaka chachinayi, zolumikizira zipatso zimapangidwa, ndiko kuti, mfundo yolowa m'malo ndi muvi wazipatso. Nthawi yomweyo, mpesa womwe uli kumbali yakunja umadulidwa (ndi maso awiri) ndikutenga gawo, ndipo mtengo wapamwamba umadulidwa m'maso 5-10 kutengera mtundu wa muvi wazipatso ndikumangirizidwa.
6. M'zaka zotsatira, kuchokera pa mipesa yomwe idakulidwa pa mfundo yolowera m'malo mwake, mfundo yatsopano ndikuikamo muvi wopangira zipatso, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Ndipo muvi wakale wokhumudwitsidwa umachotsedwa. Pankhaniyi, kudula kuyenera kuchitika ndi chitsa chaching'ono cha 1.5-2 masentimita kumanzere, apo ayi chilonda chakuya chiziwoneka pachikono, kupangitsa minofu yakufa, mitsempha yamagazi ndi kufooketsa thanzi la mipesa yotsalira.

Kanema: Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pakupanga mitengo ya mphesa pachaka

Mapangidwe a mbali imodzi ya fan samasiyana kwenikweni ndi fan. Kusiyana ndikuti malaya ali kumbali imodzi ya mutu wa chitsamba. Monga lamulo, ndi mtundu uwu wa mapangidwe, chitsamba chimakhala ndi mikono itatu.

Mphesa

Mapangidwe a Cordon tchire losiyana kutalika kwa tsinde amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kumadera osaphimba mphesa, komanso mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu yomwe sikufuna pogona nyengo yachisanu. Kusiyana pakati pa mapangidwe amtunduwu ndi osakhala wamba ndikuti mphesa zikakhala zokhazikitsidwa, thunthu lalikulu la chitsamba limayamba kulimidwa - muyezo, pomwe manja azidzachoka. Kutalika kwa tsinde nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0,2 mpaka 0,8 m. Mwamwambo, ndi mapangidwe amtambo, mikono ili pamtunda wa ndege imodzi. Zotsatira zake, mbali zonse za thengo la mphesa zimayatsidwa mokwanira komanso mpweya wabwino. Chingwe chimakhala chosiyana: chopingasa, chokhazikika, chokhazikika, chimatha kukhala mkono umodzi kapena mikono iwiri. Zimatengera kutsogolo kwa malowo.

Zingwe zopingasa komanso zopendekera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga tchire lamtundu wophimba, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wochotsa ndi kuphimba ma hoses m'dzinja lakumpoto. Mapangidwe amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa mikono yambiri yazipatso za mphesa. Mukachotsa chingwe chopingasa, mikono yanu imamangirizidwa ndi zingwe zam'munsi za trellis. Maulalo a zipatso amapangidwa ndikuchepetsa mphukira zonse zotsikira zomwe zimakhala pansi pa mkono. Maso akumanzere amabala zipatso.

Mkuyu. 1 - Chomera cha chaka choyamba cha moyo. Mkuyu. 2 - Kuchepetsa chitsamba mchaka chachiwiri. Mkuyu. 3 - Bush kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu. Mkuyu. 4 - Bush kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu. Mkuyu. 5 - Bush mutadulira kumapeto kwa chaka chachinayi

1. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa mphesa, mphukira imodzi kapena ziwiri zazitali zimakula. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbande ndi chisamaliro chabwino zimawonetsetsa kutalika kwa mphukira pakutha kwa nyengo yokulira kuposa 100 cm.
2. Chapakatikati pa chaka chachiwiri, masentimita 50 amayeza pa mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri kuti apange tsinde, ndipo maso anayi kapena asanu ndi amodzi asiyidwa pamwamba pa malowa. Maso apansi amachoka. Ngati ndi kotheka, mphukira imodzi kapena ziwiri zabwinobwino zitha kusiidwa kwa iwo.
3. M'chaka chachitatu chakumapeto, mphukira zonse zimadulidwa. Mwa mphukira zinayi kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi za chaka chatha, mphukira ziwiri zotsalazo zimadulidwa kukhala zolowa m'malo mwake (maso a 2-3), ndipo mphukira ziwiri zolimba kwambiri zomwe zili pamwambazi zimadulidwa kukhala mphukira yazipatso (kuchokera pa maso 6 mpaka 15).
4. Zotsatira zodulira m'ngululu ya chaka chachinayi, zolumikizira zatsopano zimapangidwa pazinthu zoyimitsa (mfundo yolowa m'malo kuchokera pa mphukira yaying'ono ndi muvi wazipatso kuchokera kumtunda). Nthawi yomweyo, mphukira zonse za chaka chatha zimachotsedwa, ndipo mivi yatsopano ya zipatso imamangirizidwa mozungulira ndi waya wamunsi.

Chingwe cholungamitsidwa chimapangidwa pakulima mitundu ya zipatso yosagwa chisanu, makamaka pamene trellis ili paliponse kapangidwe kapena mpanda. Pankhaniyi, manja anu amamangirizidwa ndi trellis.Maso onse m'chigawo cha waya wam'munsi amachoka, kusiya maso awiri okha: amodzi pamwamba pa waya, wachiwiri pansi pake. Zotsatira zake, mphukira ziwiri zimapangidwa pachikono, zowongoleredwa mbali zosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa waya.

Chifukwa cha kudula kwa malaya m'mipikisano iwiri kapena itatu pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chachinayi, chitsamba cha mphesa chimapangidwa ngati chingwe cholimba

1. M'chaka chodzala, mphukira imodzi yayitali imakulidwa pachitsamba.
2. Mu nthawi yophukira, imadulidwa kutalika kwa gawo lonse lakucha bwino kuti diso lakunja likhale mbali yakumaso - kuti mupitilize dzanja.
3. Chapakatikati chakumapeto kwa chaka chachiwiri, mphukirayo umamangiriridwa mpaka pansi pa waya. Maso akayamba kutseguka, ndiye kuti onse otsika, kupatula okhawo, amachoka. Maso akumtunda nawonso adafota, ndikusiya mtunda wa 30-30 masentimita pakati pawo. Mphukira zonse, kupatula zotsiriza (zowonjezera), ziyenera kukulira kumtunda kwa dzanja lanu ndikuwongoleredwa m'mwamba.
4. M'dzinja la chaka chachiwiri, mipesa yomwe idapangidwa pachilala imadulidwa m'maso awiri, ndipo mpesa womaliza, womwe umakula, kuchokera kumaso otsika kwambiri, umadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa malowo.
5. M'chaka chachitatu, nthawi yophukira, masamba amaphulika mu gawo latsopano la colon, ndikusiya mphukira zingapo pamtunda wa 30-35 cm.
6. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu, mphukira ziwiri zimamera mphukira ziwiri-zitatu. Omwe amacheka ndi impso ziwiri, kulandira mfundo zolowa m'malo mwake, ndipo apamwamba ndi ma 5-6 masamba, omwe amapanga mivi yopatsa zipatso.
7. Chapakatikati pa chaka chachinayi, atakweza manja, mivi yonyamula zipatso imamangiriridwa ndi waya wam'munsi, kukwaniritsa malo awo oyimilira.

Chifukwa cha thunthu lamphamvu losatha ndi maulalo pakapangidwe kamatoni, chitsamba cha mphesa chimakhala ndi mitengo yambiri yakale, yomwe imaloleza kupirira chitsamba chachikulu ndi mbewu

Ntchito zobiriwira pa chitsamba cha mphesa

Ntchito zobiriwira (ntchito) zimaphatikizapo ntchito zothandiza m'munda wamphesa, zomwe zimachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndikumayambiriro kwa chilimwe ndikuthandizira kudulira ndikusintha kwa mbewu. Uku ndi kugawanika kwa maso ndi mphukira wobiriwira, kutsina ndi kuthina.

Mukudulira koyambirira kwamasika (masamba asanatsegule), ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa impso zopatsa zipatso ndi zina zosabala. Kuti mupeze kuchuluka koyenera kwa mphukira zobala zipatso, mumagwiritsidwa ntchito zinyalala zobiriwira. Chimakupatsani mwayi wamtengo womaliza wa chitsamba cham'maso ndi maso ndikuthandizanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa chitsamba. The ntchito kudula wobiriwira mphukira ndi wofatsa kwambiri kwa mbewu, monga Mabala omwe amapanga panthawi ya zinyalala ndi ochepa komanso amachira msanga mokwanira. Kambewu kakang'ono kofewa kamayamba ndikuwongolera pang'ono pamutu pake.

Pakaphuka, mphukira zitatu zimatha kutuluka mu impso, koma muyenera kusiya imodzi yokha, yolimba kwambiri, yonseyo ndiyofunika kuthyoledwa.

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kumeneku, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kuchuluka pakati pa mphukira zopanda zipatso komanso zipatso, komanso kukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe owala komanso mawonekedwe amlengalenga. Zokwanira pazaka zomwe zikukula, muyenera kupanga zidutswa ziwiri kapena zitatu. Wreckage woyamba amapangidwa pomwe mphukira pazingwe ndizitali za 2-3 cm. Osadula maso, omwe mtsogolomo angafunikire kupanga ndikusintha mawonekedwe ngati chitsamba. Kuwonongeka kwachiwiri kuyenera kumalizidwa pamene mphukira wafika kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15. Ndi kukula uku, ndikotheka kale kusiyanitsa pakati pa mphukira yazipatso ndi osabala. Inflorescence nthawi zonse amakhala woyamba kukhala wopatsa zipatso, ndi tinyanga tosabereka. Ngati mitundu ya mphesa imakhala yotulutsa zambiri ndipo pali inflorescence zambiri, zikumera zonse zopanda zipatso ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Ndi kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa inflorescences, gawo la mphukira zosabala limasiyidwa kuti lisale ndikukula kwa chitsamba.

Pa mphukira wautali wa 8-12 cm, inflorescence amawonekera bwino, kuwombera kumeneku ndikopatsa zipatso

Ndi zinyalala, mutha kukonza kudulira kumlingo wina, ngati zolakwa zidapangidwa, sinthani mphamvu yonse yakukula pachitsamba, pangani malo abwino owunikira ndi kutsitsa chitsamba. Mphukira zowonjezera pamtchire zobala zipatso zambiri zimakhala zovulaza. Amachotsedwa kaye.

Galushchenko V.T., Berezovsky Yu.S. "Mphesa". Kusindikiza nyumba ACT-Stalker, Moscow, 2008

Mphukira zobiriwira nthawi zonse zimasweka ngati:

• ovuta, odwala, ofooka, osayenera kukula kwina ndikukula kwachitsamba;
• awiriawiri ndi ma toni amaso akulu, chifukwa amakonda kuswa ndi kuwononga mpesa;
• kopitilira muyeso poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kwa maso pampesa, amazengereza kudya ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa mbali zazikulu za chitsamba;
• underdeveloped mphukira pakati pa zipatso, kuchotsedwa kwawo kumathandizira kukonza zipatso.

Vidiyo: Tizidutswa ta maso pachitsamba chaching'ono cha mphesa

Mu kasupe, ndi kuyamba kwa kutentha ndi kuyamba kwa gawo logwira ntchito pazomera, kuwonjezera pa mphukira zazikulu, mphukira za "dongosolo lachiwiri" - stepons zimapangidwa pachitsamba cha mphesa. Udindo wawo pakupanga mphesa zazing'ono ndizoperewera. Kumbali ina, stepons amatenga chakudya kuchokera ku mphukira zopatsa zipatso ndikuthandizira kukulitsa matenda a fungus, chitsamba chokulirapo. Pa nthawi yakucha mphesa, anthu ambiri opondaponda amatha kuchepetsa izi.

Chitsamba chokhazikika, ma stepons amasokoneza kuwala kwake kokwanira komanso mpweya wabwino, motero amachotsedwa momwe angathere

Komabe, nthawi zina, stepons samachotsedwa. Chifukwa cha kukula kwamphamvu kwa stepson poyerekeza ndi zazikulu, zolumikizira zatsopano za zipatso zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo pamakwenzi a mpesa zovuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakubwezeretsa chisanu zowonongeka kapena tchire lopangidwa molakwika. Pankhaniyi, pamtunda wa masentimita 15 mpaka 20, nsonga zimapanikizika kuti zithandizire kukula.

Kanema: Kupondera chitsamba chaching'ono

Kudulira chitsamba cha mpesa wachikulire

Pokhazikika bwino, chitsamba cha mpesa chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri chokulirapo ndipo chimapanga mphukira zambiri zazikulu, zolowa m'malo, kugona ndi axillary. Ngati muwasiya onse, ndiye:

• mphamvu zambiri zokulira zipita kukakulitsa mafuta osabala ndi mphukira m'munsi mwa chomera, pomwe malo osungirako zakudya ambiri amakhala;
• osati malo abwino kwambiri adzapangidwa kuti pakhale mbewu yamtsogolo, chifukwa masamba opanga zipatso sakhala pamtunda womata.

Chifukwa chake, mchaka, kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa kudzutsidwa ndi mphesa, ndikofunikira kudulira ndikuphwanya mphukira zosafunikira komanso masamba ofowoka, mapasa ofooka ndi ma te. Mwa mphukira zonenepa, ndikofunikira kusiya imodzi yomwe ikukula kuchokera kunja mkati ndi kumapeto kwa manja, komwe kungakhale kothandiza pambuyo pake pakupanga manja kapena nthambi zatsopano. Pamene inflorescences iyamba kupanga, ndikofunikira kuchita chachiwopsezo chachiwiri - kuwonda mphukira zopanda zipatso.

Pakudulira masika, mphukira zochulukirapo komanso zopanda mphamvu, komanso mipesa yambiri, imayenera kuchotsedwa.

Mwambiri, njira za kudulira, zinyalala zobiriwira, ndikudula pakati pa chitsamba chachikulu cha mphesa ndi zofanana ndi njira zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito chomera chaching'ono pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe kale zidaganiziridwa. Njira yayikulu yoyenera kudulira iyenera kukhala kuchuluka kwa impso (maso) otsala pachitsamba. Monga munthu wamkulu, sayenera kupitilira masamba 40, ndiye kuti, mutha kusiya mphukira 5-7, ndikudula ena onse.

Kanema: Njira yodulira masamba chitsamba cha mpesa wachikulire

Pali njira zotsatirazi zokonzera: zazifupi, mpaka maso 4 - pamaselo amfumu, kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a cordon, mfundo zophatikizira; pafupifupi, mpaka 7-8 maso - akamadulira mipesa yazipatso zamitundu yambiri pamtunda wokutira; Kutalika, kuyambira maso 9 mpaka 14 - pamitundu yamphamvu ndi chikhalidwe cha gazebo. M'malo ambiri a viticulture, kudulira kosakanikirana kumagwiritsidwa ntchito - kochepa komanso kwapakatikati

A.Yu. Rakitin, dokotala S.-kh. sayansi, pulofesa"Kukula zipatso. Makhonsolo agolide a Timiryazev Academy." Lik Press Publishing House, Moscow, 2001

Kuchepetsa mphesa pa Chipilala

Chikhalidwe cha Arched ndi imodzi mwazikhalidwe zakale kwambiri zosamalira mphesa ndipo zimakonda kutchuka m'mipesa yambiri padziko lapansi. Mapangidwe a arbor amadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yothandizira, komanso njira zamakonzedwe a mipesa m'malo awo. Zothandizira zimatha kukhala imodzi (arbor), kapena yolumikizidwa mwanjira zojambula zovuta, tunnels kapena arches. Pergolas, zomangamanga ndi zomangira zina ndizofala kwambiri pamtundu wozungulira ngati chipilala kapena wozungulira wozungulira. Zitha kukhala ndi mizere yazingwe zopindika zolumikizidwa kumtunda, kapena ngati mawonekedwe opindika olumikizidwa mumizere iwiri yoyandikana ndi misewu yopingasa. Waya umakhala wotambasulidwa pakati pa mizere kapena matayala amtengo amamangiriridwa, ndikupanga mtundu wa mauna, opindika kuchokera kumtunda mpaka pansi ndi mpesa, zomwe zimapangitsa chithunzi cha mtundu wamtambo wobiriwira.

Gazebo ikapangidwa ngati njira, tchire zimabzalidwa m'miyala iwiri yoyendera ndege imodzi, yolumikizidwa kumtunda ndi mabowo kapena mbali zokulirapo; mphukira zimadulidwa kulumikizano

Mitundu yam'mphesa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphesa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu mitundu ya mphesa, imapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe akuluakulu a kupindika kwamtondo, mawonekedwe okhathamira kwa dzanja lalitali ndi kuphatikiza kwawo kosiyanasiyana. Nthambi zimabzalidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za mawonekedwe a gazebo, pomwe nduwira zake zimagawidwa mlengalenga, ndikukhala mozungulira, ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira ndege yoyimirira. Mwakutero, zilibe kanthu kuti mumakhala chani pamapeto pake - fan, colon, kuphatikiza kwawo, kapena kapangidwe kake sikudziwika konse sayansi. Chinthu chachikulu pankhaniyi ndikugawana zolumikizira zipatso (mipesa yopanga zipatso) m'malo othandizira, osalola kukula kwa tsamba.

Ngati chitsamba pa gazebo chakhazikitsidwa ngati chingwe cholungamitsidwa, ndiye kuti kudulira kwa mphukira kumachitidwa chimodzimodzi ndi kupangika kwa chingwe cholunjika

Vidiyo: kudula mphesa pa chipilala

Zinthu za kudulira kwa masika kumadera

Mukadulira mphesa mu kasupe m'magawo, ndikofunikira kulingalira za nyengo za malo ena, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mawonekedwe ake komanso momwe mungathere zinthu zina zovuta mwanjira yodzidzimutsa mwadzidzidzi kapena nyengo yotentha ndi chilala chachilendo masiku ano.

Pachikuto, mitengo ya mphesa imadulidwa m'njira ziwiri: m'dzinja - isanachitike kutchire musanazizire chisanu ndi kasupe - mutatsegula tchire musanatsegule masamba ndi mphukira. M'madera opanda zipatso, tchire amazidulira m'dzinja-nthawi yachisanu, patadutsa masiku 15 mpaka 20 masamba atagwa, ndikupitilira nthawi yozizira (masiku opanda chisanu) mpaka masamba atatseguka masika.

Posankha kutalika kwa mitengo yazipatso nthawi zambiri, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti maso a gawo la pakati (masamba 4- 9 a mpesa) amasiyana kwambiri zipatso.

Kudulira mphesa mu April

Kudulira mitengo ya mphesa ku Ukraine kumayambira mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha Okutobala - m'masiku omwe kutentha kwa mpweya sikumatsika m'munsimu 6-8^⁰C.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka ntchito yokolola mphesa, kudulira kwamtchire kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mphukira, kuphatikiza zipatso ndi zipatso zambiri. Chifukwa cha opaleshoni yotere, katundu wina wa mitengo ya mphesa amayikidwa ndi maso kapena mivi yazipatso. Cholinga chachikulu chodulira m'munda wamphesa ndikuchotsa maselo ambiri (owombera) pazomera mphesa, pomwe zimayimba ndi zipatso zoyenerera zimatsimikizira kukolola koyenerera popanda kufooketsa mphamvu yakukula kwa nthambi za mpesa.

Pomwe nthambi za mphesa zimapangidwa molingana ndi mtundu wamalire owoneka mwamphamvu panyanga, zolumikizira zipatso zimapangidwa: wokhazikika (mfundo kwa awiri kapena atatu ndi muvi wazipatso kwa maso anayi kapena asanu ndi atatu) kapena wolimbikitsidwa (mfundo yokhala ndi maso awiri kapena atatu ndi mivi awiri kwa anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi ndi maso asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu), kusankha komwe kumadalira kuchuluka kwa nyanga pamakono ndi zotsatira zakuzindikira katundu wokwanira.

Kudulira mitengo ya mphesa ku ulalo wazipatso kumakupatsani mwayi wotsatira kubwezeretsa pachaka. Muvi wopatsa zipatso umakolola mphesa, ndipo mfundoyo imapereka mphukira yophukira bwino, pomwe ikuluikulu yazipatso zidzapangidwa chaka chamawa. Komabe, chitsamba chilichonse cha mpesa chimasiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa mphukira zapachaka. Chifukwa chake, pochita, kupatuka kwina kulikonse kuchokera mdulidwe wamba kupita ku cholumikizira zipatso ndikothekanso.

Kanema: Kudulira mphesa ku Ukraine

Kudulira mphesa kumapeto kwa Belarus

M'madera akumwera kwa Belarus, mitundu yosenga ubweya imakonzedwa mu Novembala, masabata angapo mphesa isanaphimbidwe ndipo chisanu chokhazikika chizilowa, ndipo tchire losavundikira la mitundu ya Alpha ndi Baltic pakusankha - koyambirira kwamasika, chisanu chitasungunuka, podulira mitengo ya zipatso ndi tchire. Poona nthawi yayitali masana masana, mipesa yambiri imakula nthawi yakula. Chifukwa chake, kudulira mphesa "zobiriwira" ku Belarus kumakhala ndi malamulo ake. Monga aliyense, izi zikudina, komanso kuthamangitsa mphukira nthawi yakale kuposa momwe zimafunikira kuti mpesa ukhale. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwira kutalika kwa trellis, ndipo masamba atsopano akukula kale pamipondoyi, yomwe nthawi zina imadina.

Kanema: Kudulira mphesa kumapeto kwa Belarus

Kudulira mphesa pakati pa Russia kumapeto

Kuwonongeka kwa mphesa nthawi yozizira - nyengo yamkati mwa Russia ndiyofala. M'madambo, kudulira ndiyo njira yokhayo yopulumutsira zinthu. Nthawi yomweyo, amayesa kusiya maso ambiri pa mphukira zazing'ono. Mphekesera pomwe gawo lonse la kumtunda la mpesawo linawonongeka chifukwa cha chisanu, iwo amalidula, kuyesera kupanga mphukira zochulukirapo kuchokera ku hemp yotsalayo. Ngati nsonga zokwanira za mphukira zikapangidwa, sipangakhale zovuta zina ndi izi.

Popeza nyengo yamkatikati mwa Russia ndi nyengo yake yochepa, ndikofunikira kusankha mitundu yakucha msanga. Kuti muchepetse ntchito yakucha, ntchito yofunika kudulira mwamphamvu iyenera kuchitidwa. Mosiyana ndikudulira mitengo yazipatso, kudulira mphesa kumachitika osati munthawi yanyengo yokha, komanso munthawi ya kukula. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mphesa zimabala chipatso pokhapokha patatha chaka chino.

Kanema: mawonekedwe a mphesa zodulira chapakati Russia

Zolinga ndi njira zochotsere "kulira" kwamasika kwa mphukira

Kutentha kwa mpweya kukakwera kufika pa +8 ^°Kuyambira mphesa zimayamba "kulira": kuchokera kumagawo kapena m'malo owonongeka madzi a juisi amatulutsa kwambiri. Uku sikuyenera kuchita mantha. Mphesa "kulira" - zikutanthauza kuti moyo udadzuka mmenemo ndipo mizu yake imagwira ntchito mwachizolowezi. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mphesa zimalekerera chisanu bwino mpaka kutuluka kwamayendedwe kumayamba. Ndipo masamba akaphulika, mbewu zimayenera kutetezedwa makamaka ku chisanu.

Pamaso kutupira komanso pakutupa kwa maso, kuchokera kudula konse kwa mphukira za zipatso ndi mbali zosatha (manja) za chitsamba, madzi owoneka bwino otuluka - njuchi, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuyambira kwa mizu ya mphesa

Kumayambiriro kwa gawo loyamwa la timiyala tating'ono, timiyendo tating'ono timabisidwa, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kumakulirakulira ndikuchepera kumapeto kwa gawo. Kutulutsa kogwira kwambiri sikumatha masiku 10-15, ndipo kutalika kwake, kutengera dera ndi nyengo ya chaka, kuyambira masiku 2 mpaka 66. Manja ndi mphukira zimakhala zotanuka, zosinthika, kotero ndizosavuta kumangiriza ku chithandizo ndikuyika zigawo.

M'madera omwe simunagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa mu gawo la kuyamwa kwamadzi pitilizani kudulira tchire. M'malo osungirako nyama zachilengedwe, ntchitozi zimayambitsidwa ndikutsegulidwa kwamatchire. Ndi duwa la masamba ndikukula kwamasamba pamasamba omwe amayamba kutuluka madzi, madzi otuluka amayima.

Kudulira mphesa ndi ntchito yopanga, yothandiza komanso yosangalatsa.Osatengera kuti ndinu katswiri wopanga vinyo kapena woyamba kulima, ngakhale mutakhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza chisamaliro cha mphesa, mutha kulima bwino izi ndizopatsa thanzi komanso kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zochuluka.