Poyeserera kukula ma apricots nthawi ndi nthawi pamakhala nthawi zina pamene mtengo wowoneka bwino ukukana kubala zipatso. Ilibe zizindikiro za matenda, ngakhale imakula bwino ndipo imakondwera ndi maluwa a masika, komabe, chaka ndi chaka imasiya wamaluwa popanda mbewu. Chifukwa chiyani ma apurikoti samachita zinthu zopanda nzeru, okhawo omwe amadziwa bwino miyala yamaluwa okha ndi omwe amadziwa.
Chifukwa chiyani ma apricot samabala zipatso
M'malo mwake, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zokwanira kuti musayambe kubala chipatso mumtengo wa apricot:
- Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zakukusowa kwa mbewu ndicho chisankho cholakwika cha malo. Ngati madzi a kasupe akuyandama pamalo anu kapena madzi akhala akuyimilira kwakanthawi kwamvula yamvula yotentha, apurikoti sangakhale wosavutikira.
- Kuphatikiza apo, kuphatikiza kwa dothi m'mundamo kudzakhudza zipatso. Ngati zili zolemetsa, kuyembekezera zokolola sikophweka. Apurikoti amafunikira magawo a airy loamy. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yamchere pang'ono, yonyowa, yolumikizidwa ndi nayitrogeni, fluorine ndi potaziyamu.
- Chifukwa china choperewera zipatso nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosakwanira. Mtengo wa apricot unabwera m'minda yathu kuchokera ku malo owala kwambiri ndi chigwa, koma pamafunika nthawi yayitali kutetezedwa ndi mphepo yozizira.
Koma ngati mtengo wa apricot wasankhidwa bwino, koma osabzala, zifukwa zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- kuthirira kosayenera - ma apricot amatha kuthira thumba losunga mazira osati ponyowa kwambiri, komanso kuchokera padothi lowuma;
- kudulira kosakonzekera - ndikudulira koyambirira kwambiri kapena kwam'mimba kapena ngati nthambi zosabala zipatso zitha kugwa;
- kusowa kwa umuna - munthawi iliyonse ya kukula, munthu sayenera kuyiwala kuyambitsa feteleza wachilengedwe ndi mchere;
- chisanu - mitengo imapulumuka chimazizira mpaka -28 ° С; komabe, masamba omwe maluwa amatha kuphuka nawonso amavutika -1 ° С;
- Matenda opatsirana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga - ndi malingaliro osazindikira thanzi la mtengowo, mwina alibe mphamvu zokwanira zolimbana ndi matenda;
- mvula yamvula yotuluka masika ndi chilimwe - pano ma apricots ofooka kwambiri amavutika, omwe adapulumuka nthawi yozizira bwino ndipo sanalandire chithandizo.
Musaiwale kuti muyenera kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa kubereka, poganizira zaka zomwe mbewuyo imabzala. Zimatengera mwachindunji gawo la chitukuko cha apurikoti, popeza aliyense wa iwo atha kukhala ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
Mtengo wachichepere
Mtengo wa ma apulo mu zaka zoyambirira za moyo ungakane kubala zipatso:
- chifukwa cha mizu yofooka;
- chifukwa chosowa zakudya.
Mizu ya mitengo yaying'ono imatha kuwonongeka ngakhale mutabzala, pomwe ena osalima osadziwa zambiri asakaniza feteleza bwino, osayika malo ochepa owonda pakati pawo ndi mizu. Pankhaniyi, mizu yanthete imatha kudziwotcha. Zimatenga nthawi kuti asinthe zina zatsopano.
Kuperewera kwa feteleza ndizowopsa, chifukwa ndichinthu chofunikira kuti mitengo yaying'ono ikonzekere kuphukira kwathunthu. Feteleza zachilengedwe atha kukhala:
- kompositi
- manyowa osudzulidwa;
- humus.
Mtengo wachikulire
Ngati mtengo wa apricot ukuleka kubala zipatso zaka zosaposa zaka 5, nthawi zambiri, umasowa feteleza wamamineral. Mtengo wokwera kwambiri wa mbewuyi ugwera pa zaka 5-7, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa zipatso kuyenera kuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Ngati mtengo wanu wa apricot wabala kale zipatso, koma mulibe chimtengo mu nthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa, ndiye kuti sunadyetsedwe ndi feteleza ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Pomwe zaka zingapo zapitazo ma apricots adaluwa m'munda wa wolemba izi, tizilombo tambiri timene tidali tambiri tidakumana nawo. Chithunzichi poyamba chinakhudza ndikuyika chiyembekezo. Koma maluwa atatha, palibe chipatso chilichonse chomwe chinawoneka panthambi. Kafukufuku wapafupi ndi nthambi, komanso mabuku apadera, adafotokozera vutoli - kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikuti timangodziyang'anira mungu, timalowanso bowa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timalowa m'zisokonezo za maluwa, kenako kumapeto kwa thumba losunga mazira. Pambuyo pake, zipatso zazing'ono zonse tidagwa ndikugwa.
Mtengo wakale
Ngati mtengo wakale wasiya kubereka, ndiye kuti uyenera kutero:
- odulira okalamba;
- kuteteza chisanu.
Kudulira kwapadera ndikofunikira kuti mphukira zatsopano ziziwoneka, zomwe zingapereke ovary chaka chamawa. Pa nthambi zakale, masamba amenewa amatha kukhala ochepa kapena ayi.
Vuto lina la mtengo wakale ndi kusakonzekera nyengo yozizira, makamaka kupukutira kwa thunthu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thunthu limakhazikika kwambiri ndi ukalamba, ming'alu yomwe imawoneka ngati njira yopatsira kulowetsa matenda ndi tizirombo.
Chifukwa chiyani ma apricot amatulutsa maluwa, koma osabala zipatso
Nthawi zambiri mtengo wa ma apricot umatulutsa masika ndi mtundu wankhanza, umadutsa zoopsa zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi chisanu usiku, umakhala unyinji wa mazira ndipo umatha. Zotsatira zake, masamba ochepa okha amakhalabe pamtengowo. Ngati maluwa apricot atawuluka asanapangire thumba losunga mazira, izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chosakwanira kupukutidwa.
Koma ngati thumba losunga mazira litawonongeka, nthawi zambiri chomera chimapatsa mwayi wokhumudwitsayo kuti akusowa michere kuti itukuke.
Ndipo popeza ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti apulumuke kuposa kupereka zokolola chaka chino, izi zowola zinaponya mtengowo. Zomwezi zimachitikanso ngati madzi akusowa.
Momwe mungapangire zipatso za apricot
Gawo lomaliza kwambiri la wamaluwa limathetsa vutoli ndi nkhwangwa.
Dziwani kuti nkhwangwa singangodula mtengo pansi pamizu. Mbadwo wokalamba wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mochenjera kwambiri. Anzanu angapo ochokera kudera la Voronezh adati ndi nkhwangwa mutha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mizu, ndiye kuti, ingowaduleni. Koma muyenera kuchita izi ndi lalikulu. Chaka chilichonse kumbali imodzi. Ndipo chizindikiro chimodzi chodziwika - ngati mumenya mtengo wa ma apricot ndi phokoso kumtengo ndikuwopseza mawu, chidzachita mantha ndipo chidzatuta bwino chaka chamawa.
Ambiri mwa okonda chipatsochi akufuna mwayi wopatsa mtengo wazipatso moyo wachiwiri. Ndipo monga lamulo, amakwanitsa kupeza njira yochitira izi.
Kupukuta
Zachidziwikire, kuti mukakolole bwino mumafunika maluwa okhazikika, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ma apricots ndi opanda chonde. Amafunika kupukutira mungu, choncho ndibwino kuti pakhale mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya mitengo m'mundamo. Nthawi zina, kuti apulumutse malo, okonda ma apricot amabzala mabatani awiri nthawi imodzi mu dzenje limodzi, lomwe limakula limodzi. Njira ngati imeneyi imapangitsa kuti nthambi za akorona awo ziziluka ndi kupukutira ngakhale mphepo yowala.
Muthanso kubzala mitengo yosiyanasiyana pamtengo umodzi kapena kukoletsa tizilombo tosokoneza mungu ngati njuchi pamalopo.
Kudyetsa ndi kuthirira
Kugwa kwa thumba losunga mazira lomwe lakhala likuwoneka kale kumatha makamaka kuchokera pakusowa kwa michere. Kuti mupewe izi, muyenera kukumbukira kupukutira ndi kudyetsa mbewuyo nyengo yonseyo. Njira izi ndizosavuta kuphatikiza:
- Thirani apurikoti kwa nthawi yoyamba kasupe musanayambe maluwa. Nthawi yomweyo, kuthira feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni umayikidwa.
- Kachiwiri, kuvala pamwamba ndi nayitrogeni limodzi ndi kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika ndendende theka la mwezi maluwa atatha.
- Kutsirira kwachitatu, kuphatikiza ndi kuvala kwapamwamba, kuyenera kuchitika mwezi umodzi pambuyo pakupezeka kwa thumba losunga mazira, pomwe zipatso zimayamba kuthira. Kuchokera pano, kuvala pamwamba kudzakhala kofunikira, kokhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yambiri.
- Kuthirira kwachinayi ndi kuvala munthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kuchita mukakolola, ndipo maluwa akutenga kale mphukira za chaka chamawa. Chovala chapamwamba ichi chizikhala ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potashi wokha.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mankhwala aliwonse okhala ndi nayitrogeni theka lachiwiri la chilimwe amawononga apurikoti.
Njira ya Pulofesa Kolomiyets
Njira ya Doctor of Sayansi Kolomiyets imachokera pakudyetsa mitengo moyenera. Monga makumi makumi a zaka zana lomaliza, mothandizidwa ndi mavalidwe apamwamba, adatha kukakamiza kubala zipatso ngakhale wazaka wazaka chimodzi (mchaka chachiwiri atatha kutemera). Kuphatikiza apo, mitengo pachaka imachulukitsa zipatso zake. Njira yodyetsera ndi motere:
- Pakati pa Epulo: Manzere 1-1.5 (wazaka wazaka chimodzi) kapena 1.5-2 (wazaka wazaka ziwiri) wogawanitsa azofosks (kapena nitrophosks) pagawo loyandikira (70-80 cm) ndikuwaphimba ndi dothi m'nthaka.
- Pakati pa Meyi: feteleza yemweyo mulingo womwewo.
- Kumapeto kwa Meyi: feteleza yemweyo mulingo womwewo.
Chimodzimodzi, mutha kukupatsani chilimbikitso kuti muwonjezere zipatso za mitengo ya akulu omwe alowa kale zipatso. Poterepa, mlingo womwe watchulidwa uyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka pamanja asanu pamtengo wozungulira.
Mapangidwe a Korona
Ngati inflorescence itagwa pambuyo pa chisanu chamadzulo, sikuthekanso kuthandizanso zokolola za chaka chino. Komabe, ndikofunikira kusamalira kubala zipatso chaka chamawa.
Amadziwika kuti zokolola zabwino kwambiri zimapezeka pakukula kwa chaka chatha. Chifukwa chake, pasanathe zaka khumi zoyambirira za June, nthambi zazing'ono ziyenera kudulidwa pakati. Ngati mphukirayo ndi wofooka, itha kudulidwa - ndi wachitatu kapena kotala.
Mukadula ma axillary masamba a nsonga, mphukira zingapo za kukula kwachiwiri zimawonekera nthawi imodzi. Ma apricots achichepere nthawi zambiri amapereka zochulukirapo. Mu mitengo yakale, mphukira ndizocheperako komanso zazifupi. Koma mulimonsemo, maluwa amtsogolo adzaikidwa pa zophuka.
Izi mphukira zidzakutidwa ndi maluwa lotsatira kasupe. Ndipo izi zidzachitika patatha masiku 8 mpaka 12 kuposa kuwonekera kwa masamba pamapazi akale. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kuchedwetsa maluwa ndikukulitsa mwayi woti chisanu chitha kale. Masika a masika usiku atasakaza maluwa ophukika kumene pamtundu woyandikana nawo, nthambi zake zazing'ono zimaphuka pang'onopang'ono, kubala zipatso ndikubereka bwino.
Kanema: Kudulira kwa apricot
Kugulitsa
Njira yotchuka pakati pa wamaluwa ndikuwotchera. Chofunikira chake ndikuti minofu sangathe kuchita bwino ndipo mtengowo umayambitsa makonzedwe obala.
Ndikwabwino kuyesa izi pokoka nthambi, yomwe ikapanda kulephera sichingamve chisoni kuyichotsa.
Opaleshoniyo ikuchitika pasanathe Meyi. Motsatira zochita:
- Sankhani nthambi zazikulu kwambiri zachikopa komanso pansi.
- Kokani ndikuwaponyera ndi dratva kapena waya wokutidwa ndi linga.
- Pambuyo miyezi 2, chotsani izi.
Ntchito imeneyi ndi yosavuta komanso yotetezeka. Chofunikira kwambiri pakuchita bwino kwake ndikuchotsa zikwangwani mu nthawi. Kupanda kutero, mafundewo amatha kumakuliratu ndikukulira.
Ambiri okonda kuyesa kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana, osanenapo kanthu, amatsimikizira kuti chaka chamawa mtengowo udzayamba kubala zipatso mowolowa manja.
Kutsatsa
Kuti mukulire, kumapeto kwa masika muyenera kusankha nthambi zosadetsa mafupa, ndiye:
- Chotsani m'munsi mwa nthambi mulifupi makungwa mpaka 2 cm.
- Sinthani mozungulira ndikuyiteteza kuti idule.
- Kukulani malo oduliridwayo ndi kanema ndikuonetsetsa kuti akuichotsa pakatha miyezi iwiri.
Munthawi imeneyi, khungubwe limakula mpaka thunthu, ndipo kuphatikiza michere mothandizana ndi nthambi kuyimitsidwa pang'ono - umu ndi momwe mapangidwe a maluwa atsopano amalimbikitsidwira.
Kumbukirani kuti kudula mphete yokulirapo kuposa 2 cm ndiyowopsa - nthambiyo idzatha ndipo pang'onopang'ono adzauma.
Ndikofunika kuti isalire nthambi zonse zazikulu nthawi imodzi - izi zikhala zovuta kwambiri kwa mbewu. Apurikoti amatha kufa kwathunthu chifukwa chosowa zakudya.
Komanso, zotsatira za njirayi sizimachitika mwachangu kuchokera ku constriction. Zokolola pambuyo pakugonjera sizikuwoneka kale kuposa zaka 2.
Oyandikana nawo omwe analira chilimwe chatha anali akuyembekeza kale kulandila ma compoti chaka chino. Tangoganizirani kukhumudwa kwawo pomwe zipatso sizinachitike. Komabe, ichi sichiri chifukwa chokhumudwitsidwa, muyenera kudikirira chaka china. Kuphatikiza apo, zadziwika kuti mukamagwiritsa ntchito banding, kuchuluka kwa zipatso panthambi kudzawonjezeka ndi zaka.
Kupewa ndi Kuteteza Tizilombo
Nthawi zambiri, pakakhala palibe chipatso cha apurikoti, matenda awo kapena tizirombo tokhazikika timayambitsa mlandu. Kuchokera pamavuto otere, madzi awiri a Bordeaux peresenti amathandiza bwino. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mankhwalawa kumachitika bwino kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira komanso koyambilira kwa masika, pomwe masamba akupanga. Mankhwalawa samangoteteza mitengo ya ma apricot ku tizilombo tochuluka, komanso timawonjezera kukana kwa kuthekera kwa kutentha.
Zowonongeka zoyipa zomwe zawonongeka zakale zapitazi zidatipangitsa kuti tilingalire zoteteza mbewu zamtsogolo. Tsopano nthawi yophukira iliyonse (mu Okutobala) mankhwala othandizira amachitika m'mundamo. Koma kutalika kwa njirazi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi wolima munda aliyense payekhapayekha, kutengera nyengo ndi nyengo. Cholinga chathu chachikulu ndikuti mtengowo suyenera kuwuluka kwathunthu mozungulira. Nthawi yomweyo, simungachite mantha kunena zolakwika ndi nyengo - mankhwalawa samatsukidwa ndi mvula ndipo samawopa nyengo yozizira. Chaka chachitatu, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi awiri a Bordeaux kumapereka zotsatira zabwino.
Kuti mukonzekere Bordeaux kusakaniza nokha, muyenera kuphatikiza laimu yosalala ndi sulfate yamkuwa. Malo onse olimapo maluwa ali ndi phukusi zamkuwa zamkuwa zomwe zimafunikira. Maphukusi:
- masekeli 300 g amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza njira ya 3% ya madzi a Bordeaux;
- masekeli 100 g - 1% ndende.
M'masiku apamwamba, fungicides itha kuyitanidwa kuti ithandizire:
- Topazi
- Topsin;
- Horus.
Ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa mutatha kuphunzira malangizo omwe ali paphukusili, pasanathe masiku atatu maluwa atamasulidwa. Chithandizo chachiwiri chidzafunika pambuyo pa maluwa, ndipo chachitatu, chiwongolero - osapitirira theka la mwezi pambuyo pa wachiwiri.
Zithunzi Zithunzi: Apricot Disease Fungicides
- Mankhwala Topsin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwoneka ngati matenda apricot
- Chorus Imathandiza Kuthana Ndi Matenda A Zomera
- Mankhwala topazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi matenda a apricot
Kanema: momwe mungakonzekerere madzi a Bordeaux
Kukula kwa Apurikoti
Kumbuyoku chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana lomaliza, akatswiri ofufuza F. Vent ndi G. Erksleben adazindikira kukula kwamahomoni m'zomera. Auxins adawatcha (kuchokera ku Greek - kuchuluka).
C. Darwin adathandiziranso pakuzindikira: adapeza muzinthu zofunikira "zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuwala komanso zomwe zimasunthira gawo lakumunsi la mbewu."
Ma Auxins, malinga ndi momwe akuwongolera wopanga, akhala mawonekedwe a mahormoni azomera.
Popeza pafupifupi gawo lonse la Russia limatha kuthyolidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndizotheka kuteteza mitengo yamaluwa poyimitsa pang'ono maluwa. Kuteteza matenda kwa mtengo wokhala ndi yankho la paraxin kumatha kulimbana ndi ntchitoyi.
Kukonzekera
Tsopano, mankhwala opangidwa ndi auxin amagulitsidwa mwachangu m'masitolo apadera ndi m'minda yamaluwa. Mmodzi mwa oimira othandiza kwambiri othandizira kukula ndi Emistim kapena Charkor.
A wide spectrum bioregulator Emistim amagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a kagayidwe kazinthu bowa kuchokera kumizu yazomera. Zinthu za kukula ndi ma phytohormones a auxin ndi gibberellin. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima zipatso. Chida ichi chimawonjezera kukana kwa mbewu pamavuto azinthu ndikuchulukitsa zipatso.
Muzu wakuzunthira Charcor ndi chisakanizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zovuta za 2,6-dimethylpyridin-1-oxide ndi α-phenylacetic acid.
Chowonjezera chimakulitsa kupsinjika kwa mizu yoyambira ndikukula kwawo, komanso kukula msinkhu.
Charkor, monga Emistim, ali m'gulu laopanda mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Apricot processing
Kudulira nthambi ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kukula kumachitika katatu:
- Pamodzi ndi kasupe kupewa.
- Ndi chiyambi cha kuphukira.
- Pambuyo maluwa, mu mawonekedwe a kupopera mphamvu kuti imathandizira photosynthesis ndikusintha maonekedwe chipatso.
Kuthira mtengo wa apricot wachikulire, yankho la 1 ml ya Emistim mu malita 10 amadzi limatha.
Kulimbitsa mizu, mayankho a Emistim kapena Charkor amagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo 2 pa nyengo:
- Chapakatikati, pomwe maluwa.
- Pakuwoneka maluwa.
Yankho lakonzekera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa: 2 ml ya mankhwalawa imaphatikizidwa mu 20 l yamadzi. Kuchuluka kwake kumathiridwa pansi pa mtengo umodzi wazipatso.
Mathandizo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuchepetsa kukhetsa zipatso zisanachitike kukolola. Kumwaza zipatso zam'mapiri kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa mbewu kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zovunda.
Chikwangwanicho chimasungidwa bwino, chimakhala chosawonekera pamsika, nthawi zina pachifukwa ichi mbewu zambiri zimasowa.
Kukola kusanachitike pang'ono kumalepheretsa kutsanulidwa kwa chipatso. Komabe, mbewu yotereyi imasungidwa nthawi yayitali ndipo imatha kupirira matenda.
Vidiyo: bwanji ma apricot samabala zipatso
Kuti apurikoti atisangalatse ndi zokolola zake, muyenera kuyang'anira mbewuyi kuchokera chaka choyamba chodzala: kuyambira posankha bwino malo omwe akukhala mmera, pomaliza mosamalitsa. Mtengo ukalandilidwa nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba komanso kutetezedwa ku malo oyipa a chilengedwe, imayankhanso pakusamalidwa bwino.