Mphesa - imodzi mwa zomera zotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chodzala pakhomo lawo la chilimwe. Chaka chilichonse zonse zatsopano komanso zatsopano, zimachotsedwa.
Ena ali ndi chiwopsezo chokwanira matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ena safuna kuti tiwone moyenera, ena ali ndi kulawa kosaneneka, kapena okhwima mofulumira kwambiri.
Pali ena amene, panthawi yobereketsa, akuphatikizana bwino kwambiri ndi makhalidwe abwino ndipo adapeza kukondedwa pakati pa wamaluwa. Ndi kwa hybrids zoterezi zikutanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa "Zarnitsa", kapena, monga imatchedwanso, "Arkady oyambirira".
Mbiri yobereka
Izi zinayambira pa ntchito yayikulu yotchedwa amateur breeder Viktor Krainov. Chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa mitundu ya mphesa yotchuka "Kishimishi" ndi "Chithumwa", zinayambira "Zarnitsa".
Wogulitsa vinyo amakhala ndi cholinga: kutulutsa chomera chomwe chingamere pa nthawi ya mvula yambiri, kuti apereke zokolola zabwino komanso kuti asadwale. Krainov anakumana ndi ntchitoyi mwakhama, ndipo monga momwe adanenera kuti, "Zarnitsa" anakhala wosakanikirana bwino kwambiri mphesa zabwino.
Mukudziwa? Mphesa yofiira ndi yoyera ndi yosiyana kwambiri. padera pogwiritsa ntchito. Yoyamba ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mankhwala awo okhudzana ndi antioxidants, omwe amachotsa poizoni kuchokera mthupi, ndi yachiwiri amadzaza ndi chitsulo ndikuthandizira kuthetsa kutopa pambuyo pa tsiku lovuta.
Kufotokozera
Mphesa "Zarnitsa" inangooneka zaka 22 zapitazo, koma yatha kale kutchuka pakati pa wamaluwa. Mukawerenga mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana, zimakhala zoonekeratu zomwe zinayambitsa. Zosiyanasiyana zimatanthawuza kudya ndi oyambirira.
Mitengo
Shrub ili ndi kukula kwakukulu, mphukira zazing'ono zikuwonekera nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Masambawo ndi ofiira kukula, mbali ya pansi ili ndi fuzz, pamwamba pa incision siwoneka bwino.
Maluwa a "Zarnitsa" ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, choncho palibe vuto loyendetsa mungu, njirayi imapitirira popanda kuyesetsa. Malo ololedwa pa chitsamba - 22-24 mphukira ndi maso 35-40.
Mitengo ya mphesa "Nizina", "Novocherkassk Anniversary", "Kusintha", "Annie", "Blagovest" ndi gulu la zamoyo za V.N. Kraynov.
Mabungwe
Magulu ali ndi mawonekedwe a cone ndi kukula kwakukulu, kuchokera 500 g mpaka 1.5 makilogalamu mulemera. Zipatso zotsekemera, 7-10 g uliwonse. Kukoma kwa makhalidwe a mphesa ndi zabwino: yowutsa mudyo, zofewa zamkati zimagwirizana pamodzi ndi zochepa thupi zotanuka khungu. 
Zipatso zokoma, khungu limayamba mthunzi wa amber, amaoneka okongola kwambiri. Kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa uchi; mwa njira, mphesa iyi ili ndi 15-19% shuga ndi acidity ya 5-6 g / l.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula izi zosiyanasiyana, wamaluwa samakonda kukumana ndi vuto ngati mtola ukukula; Zitha kuchitika kokha ngati nyengo yayamba kwambiri.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Zosiyanasiyanazi zimaphatikizapo makhalidwe abwino kwambiri omwe adalandira kuchokera kwa makolo ake. Ziri zovuta kukhulupirira, koma zimangokhala ndi zabwino zokhazokha, ndipo ngakhale pali zolakwika zing'onozing'ono, ubwino wake umapambana kwambiri.
Pereka
Kukonzekera mwachidwi kwa zokolola zochuluka ndi chimodzi mwa zida zazikulu za "Zarnitsa". Chaka chilichonse amabala zipatso, motero amasangalatsa ambuye ake.
Nthawi yogonana
Mitunduyi imatengedwa kuti imayambira, chifukwa zipatso zimapsa masiku 115-130 chiyambireni nyengo yokula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kuyambira pachiyambi-pakati pa August, mukhoza kuyamba kusonkhanitsa zokolola zokoma. 
Zima hardiness
Chomeracho chimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi chisanu, chimatha kukhala mvula yozizira, ngakhale popanda pogona, pa kutentha mpaka -23 ° C.
Matenda oteteza matenda
Mphesa "Zarnitsa" sagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi zotsatira za matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Ngakhalenso matenda wamba, monga mildew, samawopa izi zosiyanasiyana.
Koma ngati shrub imakula mvula yambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo nyengo yowonjezera, matendawa amathabe. Polimbana ndi izo, ndi zothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mpesa.
Zosiyanasiyana zimagonjetsedwa ndi oidium kapena powdery mildew, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayambitsa mavuto ambiri kwa alimi. Zowonjezera "Zarnitsa" ndi mavu.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mubzala parsley pansi pa chitsamba kugwa, zidzateteza mphesa ku matenda ena ndi tizirombo. Komanso parsley ikhoza kuwonjezera zipatso za zipatso.
Momwe mungabzala mphesa
Kudyetsa bwino mphesa ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati mumadziŵa molondola nthawiyo ndikukonzekera ndondomekoyi, ganizirani kuti mukupita kale kukolola.
Nthawi
Ndibwino kukonzekera malo otsetsereka mu kugwa. Mitengo yokhutira, yokhala ndi nthaka yolemera, imakhala yofunika kwambiri kuti izi zitheke, kotero ndizofunikira kuwonjezera zakudya zokwanira m'nthaka mu September ndi kuonetsetsa kuti madzi akumwa bwino.
Monga chakudya, zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa ovunda wothira phulusa - mchere wosakanizawu uyenera kukhala osachepera 40 cm. Udzu umayikidwa pa iwo, ndi wosanjikiza pafupifupi masentimita 10. Ndipo kale kumapeto mzere umayikidwa mu dzenje lakudzala.
Sewero
Gombe lodzala liyenera kukhala lokwanira ndi lalikulu, 1x1 m. Lifunikira kuti liyike mmera kuti likhale lolimba kwambiri kuposa 15-20 cm. 
Mtengo wa mbewuwu umasungunuka mosamala ndi dziko lapansi, womwe umayenera kuugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono. Pambuyo pake, nyemba imathiriridwa ndi madzi ambiri ofunda (pafupifupi malita 20).
Mukudziwa? Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi madzi a mphesa: zimapezeka kuti zili ndi acetaldehydes, zomwe ziri pafupi kwambiri ndi formaldehyde, acetone ndi ethyl acetate. Lili ndi acidic acid ndi hexynals. Poyang'ana, kusakaniza kotereku kungawoneke poizoni, komabe madzi amathandiza kwambiri ndipo amatha kupewa matenda aakulu a mtima, mapulaneti ndi kupweteka kwa mutu.
Zapadera za chisamaliro
Ngakhale kuti mbewuyo ndi yopanda ulemu, mothandizidwa ndi teknoloji yoyenera yaulimi mungathe kukwaniritsa zokolola zambiri ndikuonetsetsa kuti kukula ndi chitukuko cha shrub.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira kumafunika kokha pa nyengo youma kwambiri. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuzigwiritsa ntchito molondola. Madzi otentha ayenera kutsanuliridwa pansi pa rhizome, mwinamwake osakhudza mphukira ndi masamba a zomera.
Chinyezi chokwanira, ngati cha mphesa zilizonse, chingayambitse mavuto aakulu. 
Feteleza
M'chaka, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zodzaza ndi nayitrogeni. Amatha kupititsa patsogolo kukula ndi kukulitsa malo okhala zitsamba.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti azisamalira mpesa ndi kudandaula za mtsogolo m'nthawi yokolola, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Phosphorous ili ndi phindu pa mizu ya shrub, choncho imathandiza kwambiri zomera.
Ndikofunikira! Zovala za Zinc zikhoza kuonjezera zokolola za mitundu yonse ya mphesa; ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe - kuyamba kwa autumn.
Kudulira
Mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja shrub imayenera kukonzedwa. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula, ndondomekoyi imapangidwa pa maso 8-10. Kudulira komwe kumachitika ndi kusinthanitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mkatikati mwa chitsamba, kuyesera kuteteza kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mpesa. M'chaka, zouma kapena mazira ozizira zimachotsedwa. 
Kodi kukonzekera zosiyanasiyana m'nyengo yozizira
Zosiyanasiyana "Zarnitsa" bwino nyengo popanda malo ogona mpaka -23 ° C. Ngati thermometers m'deralo ikugwa pansipa, ndiye mutatha kudulira mipesa yonse iyenera kuphimbidwa.
Kuchita izi, kukumba mabowo kuzungulira shrub kuya 30-40 masentimita, kuwaza ndi kumasuka nthaka ndikuyika lapnik. Malo oterowo adzakhala okwanira kuti chomera chikhalebe m'nyengo yozizira popanda kutayika. Icho chiyenera kuchotsedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, nyengo ikakhala yotentha.
Mitundu yambiri yamphesa "Zarnitsa" yayamba kale kuyamikiridwa m'mayiko ambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kuphweka, ubwino wake waukulu umakhala ndi zokolola zokhala ndi khola, zosavuta zogulitsira komanso zopereka zabwino za mankhwala.
Zipatsozi zimakhalabe zokongola kwa nthawi yaitali, sizikuphulika ndipo sizowola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogulitsa pa mafakitale.
